354 research outputs found
Long-lived Charginos in the Focus-point Region of the MSSM Parameter Space
We analyse the possibility to get light long-lived charginos within the
framework of the MSSM with gravity mediated SUSY breaking. We find out that
this possibility can be realized in the so-called focus-point region of
parameter space. The mass degeneracy of higgsino-like chargino and two
higgsino-like neutralinos is the necessary condition for a long lifetime. It
requires the fine-tuning of parameters, but being a single additional
constraint in the whole parameter space it can be fulfilled in the Constrained
MSSM along the border line where radiative electroweak symmetry breaking fails.
In a narrow band close to the border line the charginos are long-lived
particles. The cross-sections of their production and co-production at the LHC
via electroweak interaction reach a few tenth of pb.Comment: LaTeX, 11 pages, 11 eps figure
Supersymmetry and LHC
The motivation for introduction of supersymmetry in high energy physics as
well as a possibility for supersymmetry discovery at LHC (Large Hadronic
Collider) are discussed. The main notions of the Minimal Supersymmetric
Standard Model (MSSM) are introduced. Different regions of parameter space are
analyzed and their phenomenological properties are compared. Discovery
potential of LHC for the planned luminosity is shown for different channels.
The properties of SUSY Higgs bosons are studied and perspectives of their
observation at LHC are briefly outlined.Comment: Lectures given at the 9th Moscow International School of Physics
(XXXIV ITEP Winter School of Physics
Bound states in the continuum and Fano resonances in the strong mode coupling regime
The study of resonant dielectric nanostructures with a high refractive index is a new research direction in the nanoscale optics and metamaterial-inspired nanophotonics. Because of the unique optically induced electric and magnetic Mie resonances, high-index nanoscale structures are expected to complement or even replace different plasmonic components in a range of potential applications. We study a strong coupling between modes of a single subwavelength high-index dielectric resonator and analyze the mode transformation and Fano resonances when the resonator’s aspect ratio varies. We demonstrate that strong mode coupling results in resonances with high-quality factors, which are related to the physics of bound states in the continuum when the radiative losses are almost suppressed due to the Friedrich–Wintgen scenario of destructive interference. We explain the physics of these states in terms of multipole decomposition, and show that their appearance is accompanied by a drastic change in the far-field radiation pattern. We reveal a fundamental link between the formation of the high-quality resonances and peculiarities of the Fano parameter in the scattering cross-section spectra. Our theoretical findings are confirmed by microwave experiments for the scattering of high-index cylindrical resonators with a tunable aspect ratio. The proposed mechanism of the strong mode coupling in single subwavelength high-index resonators accompanied by resonances with high-quality factors helps to extend substantially functionalities of all-dielectric nanophotonics, which opens horizons for active and passive nanoscale metadevices.The numerical calculations were performed with
support from the Ministry of Education and Science of
the Russian Federation (Project 3.1500.2017/4.6) and the
Australian Research Council. The experimental study of the cylinder SCS in the microwave frequency range was supported by
the Russian Science Foundation (17-79-20379). The analytical
calculations with resonant-state expansion method were performed with support from the Russian Science Foundation
(17-12-01581). A. A. B., K. L. K. and Z. F. S. acknowledge
support from the Foundation for the Advancement of
Theoretical Physics and Mathematics “BASIS” (Russia)
Adiabatic compression and indirect detection of supersymmetric dark matter
Recent developments in the modelling of the dark matter distribution in our
Galaxy point out the necessity to consider some physical processes to satisfy
observational data. In particular, models with adiabatic compression, which
include the effect of the baryonic gas in the halo, increase significantly the
dark matter density in the central region of the Milky Way. On the other hand,
the non-universality in scalar and gaugino sectors of supergravity models can
also increase significantly the neutralino annihilation cross section. We show
that the combination of both effects gives rise to a gamma-ray flux arising
from the Galactic Center largely reachable by future experiments like GLAST. We
also analyse in this framework the EGRET excess data above 1 GeV, as well as
the recent data from CANGAROO and HESS. The analysis has been carried out
imposing the most recent experimental constraints, such as the lower bound on
the Higgs mass, the \bsg branching ratio, and the muon . In addition, the
recently improved upper bound on has also been taken
into account. The astrophysical (WMAP) bounds on the dark matter density have
also been imposed on the theoretical computation of the relic neutralino
density through thermal production.Comment: 32 pages, 11 figures, final version to appear in JCA
Where is SUSY?
The direct searches for Superymmetry at colliders can be complemented by
direct searches for dark matter (DM) in underground experiments, if one assumes
the Lightest Supersymmetric Particle (LSP) provides the dark matter of the
universe. It will be shown that within the Constrained minimal Supersymmetric
Model (CMSSM) the direct searches for DM are complementary to direct LHC
searches for SUSY and Higgs particles using analytical formulae. A combined
excluded region from LHC, WMAP and XENON100 will be provided, showing that
within the CMSSM gluinos below 1 TeV and LSP masses below 160 GeV are excluded
(m_{1/2} > 400 GeV) independent of the squark masses.Comment: 16 pages, 10 figure
Methodology for Selecting the Configuration of Ground Base Stations of a Local Navigation System to Provide the Lowest Errors of Navigation Definitions
В данной статье приведена методика выбора наилучшей конфигурации наземных базовых станций локальной навигационной системы. Локальные навигационные системы активно применяются для навигационно-временного обеспечения наземных и воздушных объектов, точность определения координат которых зависит от значения геометрического фактора. Взаимное расположение наземных базовых станций напрямую влияет на значение геометрического фактора, а следовательно, на точность определения координат в навигационной аппаратуре потребителей. Однако необходимо учитывать, что на выбор взаимного расположения (конфигурации) наземных базовых станций влияют энергетическая доступность сигналов от наземных базовых станций в зоне навигации, особенности рельефа местности на трассах «наземная базовая станция – навигационная аппаратура потребителей», требуемый размер зоны действия локальной системы навигации, размеры зоны, в которой возможно размещение базовых станций, наличие прямой радиовидимости от базовых станций до потребителя, ослабление сигналов на трассе распространения радиоволн. Данная методика учитывает приведенные выше факторы и в качестве показателя эффективности предлагает использовать среднее арифметическое значение геометрического фактора в зоне навигацииIn this article presents a methodology for choosing the best configuration of ground base stations of a local navigation system. Local navigation systems are actively used for navigation and time support of ground and air objects, the accuracy of determining the coordinates of which depends on the magnitude of the geometric factor – a measure of the deterioration of accuracy in the navigation receiver. The relative location of ground base stations directly affects the value of the geometric factor, and, consequently, the accuracy of determining the coordinates in the navigation equipment of consumers.
However, it should be taken into account that the choice of the relative location (configuration) of ground base stations is influenced by the energy availability of signals from ground base stations in the navigation zone, the terrain features on the routes “ground base station – navigation equipment of consumers “, the required size of the area of operation of the local navigation system, the size of the zone in which it is possible to place a ground base station, the presence of direct radio visibility from the ground base station to the navigation equipment of the carriers, attenuation of the signals of the local positioning system on the route of propagation of radio waves “ground base station – navigation equipment of consumers”. This technique takes into account the above limitations and suggests using the arithmetic mean of the geometric factor in the navigation zone as an indicator of efficienc
Stable Isotope Composition of Fatty Acids in Organisms of Different Trophic Levels in the Yenisei River
We studied four-link food chain, periphytic microalgae and water moss (producers), trichopteran larvae (consumers I), gammarids (omnivorous – consumers II) and Siberian grayling (consumers III) at a littoral site of the Yenisei River on the basis of three years monthly sampling. Analysis of bulk carbon stable isotopes and compound specific isotope analysis of fatty acids (FA) were done. As found, there was a gradual depletion in 13C contents of fatty acids, including essential FA upward the food chain. In all the trophic levels a parabolic dependence of δ13C values of fatty acids on their degree of unsaturation/chain length occurred, with 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3 in its lowest point. The pattern in the δ13C differences between individual fatty acids was quite similar to that reported in literature for marine pelagic food webs. Hypotheses on isotope fractionation were suggested to explain the findings
Niche of harmful alga Aureococcus anophagefferens revealed through ecogenomics
Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2011. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of National Academy of Sciences for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 108 (2011): 4352-4357, doi:10.1073/pnas.1016106108.Harmful algal blooms (HABs) cause significant economic and ecological damage worldwide. Despite considerable efforts, a comprehensive understanding of the factors that promote these blooms has been lacking because the biochemical pathways that facilitate their dominance relative to other phytoplankton within specific environments have not been identified. Here, biogeochemical measurements demonstrated that the harmful 43 Aureococcus anophagefferens outcompeted co-occurring phytoplankton in estuaries with elevated levels of dissolved organic matter and turbidity and low levels of dissolved inorganic nitrogen. We subsequently sequenced the first HAB genome (A. anophagefferens) and compared its gene complement to those of six competing phytoplankton species identified via metaproteomics. Using an ecogenomic approach, we specifically focused on the gene sets that may facilitate dominance within the environmental conditions present during blooms. A. anophagefferens possesses a larger genome (56 mbp) and more genes involved in light harvesting, organic carbon and nitrogen utilization, and encoding selenium- and metal-requiring enzymes than competing phytoplankton. Genes for the synthesis of microbial deterrents likely permit the proliferation of this species with reduced mortality losses during blooms. Collectively, these findings suggest that anthropogenic activities resulting in elevated levels of turbidity, organic matter, and metals have opened a niche within coastal ecosystems that ideally suits the unique genetic capacity of A. anophagefferens and thus has facilitated the proliferation of this and potentially other HABs.Joint Genome Institute is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Efforts were also supported by awards from New York Sea Grant to Stony Brook University, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research award #NA09NOS4780206 to Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, NIH grant GM061603 to Harvard University, and NSF award IOS-0841918 to The University of Tennessee
A Structure-Based Approach for Detection of Thiol Oxidoreductases and Their Catalytic Redox-Active Cysteine Residues
Cysteine (Cys) residues often play critical roles in proteins, for example, in
the formation of structural disulfide bonds, metal binding, targeting proteins
to the membranes, and various catalytic functions. However, the structural
determinants for various Cys functions are not clear. Thiol oxidoreductases,
which are enzymes containing catalytic redox-active Cys residues, have been
extensively studied, but even for these proteins there is little understanding
of what distinguishes their catalytic redox Cys from other Cys functions.
Herein, we characterized thiol oxidoreductases at a structural level and
developed an algorithm that can recognize these enzymes by (i) analyzing amino
acid and secondary structure composition of the active site and its similarity
to known active sites containing redox Cys and (ii) calculating accessibility,
active site location, and reactivity of Cys. For proteins with known or modeled
structures, this method can identify proteins with catalytic Cys residues and
distinguish thiol oxidoreductases from the enzymes containing other catalytic
Cys types. Furthermore, by applying this procedure to Saccharomyces
cerevisiae proteins containing conserved Cys, we could identify the
majority of known yeast thiol oxidoreductases. This study provides insights into
the structural properties of catalytic redox-active Cys and should further help
to recognize thiol oxidoreductases in protein sequence and structure
databases
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