Performance of combined tillage equipment and it’s effect on soil properties

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of a locally manufactured combined tillage implement (moldboard plow + ripper) in one of the fields of the kufa university faculty of agriculture. The experiment was included two factors , the first factor is combing the ripper to mold board plow in five level these are fixing the combined ripper shanks while the shanks points oriented in two different levels with and opposite to the plowing direction , two levels of different ripper depths the same depth and 5 cm above the depth of mold board plow share and the fifth level is control treatment ( mold board plow alone ) .The second factor was the plowing operation speed at five levels (1.4, 2.0 , 3.6 and 4.7) Km.hr ̵ ¹ . the experiment was conducted as a factorial experiment with RCBD , the LSD test at 5 % was used to compare between means .The results of the research were showed that combining the locally manufactured ripper implement to mold board plow resulted in significant increase in the number of soil clods with the desired diameter (5-10 cm ) very low number of soil block with diameter larger than 10 cm , more even soil roughness and the actual productivity has not decreased to the extent that it affects the efficient performance of the tillage process compared to the use at the mold board plow alone

Transmitting audio via fiber optics under nonlinear effects and optimized tuning parameters based on Co-simulation of matlab and optisystemTM

Limitations of conventional wires such as copper wires are causing dispersion and distortion of the message signal for long distances communication especially for the wide bandwidths. The ability of fiber optic to overcome this problem is making it a dominant transmission medium. Despite of this major positive attribute of optic fibers, there is still a downside for using the fiber optic communication; that is the nonlinearity problem especially at the very high frequency bandwidth. For the first time, a desigen of an audio signal is suggested and executed in MatLab with an integration with OptiSystemTM software to discuss and solve this issu. The audio signal is then transmitted in different shapes of modulation signals (NRZ, RZ & RC) for different distances (100 km & 75 km) via a fiber optic media to be received in a receiving part of the simulated system. Three tests are used to do so. The first is the Quality-factor (Q-Factor) against the received power, second test is eye diagram performance and finally is the measuring of the amplitude of output (received) signal for each modulation signal shape using the Oscilloscope Visualizer. The NZR modulation signal was found to be the best one of the three used signals’ types in all three tests. The Q-factor for NRZ pulse shape (=12) was higher than that for RZ (=10) and RC (=8) for a 100 km distance at the same received power level

Segmenting video frame images using genetic algorithms

Image segmentation plays an important role in computer vision. It is a process that partitions a digital image into several meaningful regions ,by identifying regions of an image that have common properties while separating regions that are dissimilar. The image segmentation problem is posed as an optimization procedure. In this thesis, an optimization approach based on genetic algorithm is introduced for finding optimal image segmentation. The design and implementation of genetic algorithm image segment or (GSAI) system are described. GSAI system employs finds optimal value using genetic operators "crossover operator and mutation operator". The different proposed / implementation segmentation methods of the GSAI system were tested using Gray image are taken from one films and with size 352x240 pixels for video frames images of In this is work focused on genetic algorithm coefficients which affect in direct and active way in the work of GA to study and analysis dependable video images which are taken from video clips after partitioning to multiple frames

Effect of Obesity on Ovarian Reserve Parameters in midreproductive age Women.

Background:The initiation and maintenance of reproductive functions are related to an optimal body weight in women. Body weight affectthe ovarian reserve which is basically an estimate of how many oocytes (eggs) are left in the ovaries. Objective: To study the relationship between obesity and serum and ultrasound markers of ovarian reserve in mid-reproductive age women (21- 35 years old). Patients and method:Twenty participants (“obese”) had a body mass index (BMI) of 30 to 35 Kg/m2 and another 20 participants (“non-obese”) had a BMI20-29 kg/m2. The obese women had a mean age of 27.9 years and the non-obese women had a mean age of29.5 years. Blood samples were collected from all participants, anthropometric measurements were calculated, and transvaginal ultrasonography was performed to measure the antral follicle count (AFC) during the early follicular phase. The blood samples were assayed for antimüllerian hormone (AMH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol (E2). Results: Therewas no significant difference between the two groups regarding ovarian reserve markers and there is no significant correlation between these markers and BMI, except forserum E2 in the obese group. Conclusion: Obesity has no effect on the levels of serum FSH, AMH, orAFCindicating that obesity is unlikely to affect ovarian reserve in the mid-reproductive age grou

Study on the effect of the substrate material type and thickness on the performance of the filtering antenna design

This article presents a new design of a four-pole microstrip filtering antenna. The filtering antenna consists of a bandpass filter, which has four resonators integrated to a monopole patch antenna. The filtering antenna is designed with a relatively high bandwidth of about 1.22 GHz to satisfy a high-speed data transmission. Three types of dielectric substrate materials were used for the design of the filtering antenna, which is RT/Duroid 5880, RO3003, and FR-4. The simulation results of the filtering antenna design, which are established on the three different dielectric substrate materials, are done by using Computer Simulation Technology (CST) software. Comparison results of the filtering antenna that is established on the three different dielectric substrate materials are done at a fixed substrate height and different substrate heights. The filtering antenna is designed at a center frequency f0 = 2.412 GHz, which is suitable for WLAN applications

Design of a selective filter - antenna with low insertion loss and high suppression stopband for WiMAX applications

This paper presents a selective quasi–elliptic bandpass filter-antenna. The presented filter-antenna has a low insertion loss in the passband and relatively high stopband rejection. This structure consists of a quasi–elliptic bandpass filter direct coupled with patch antenna. The bandpass filter consists of four (λ/4) spiral square resonators. It has operates between (3.25–3.6) GHz so it is suitable for WiMAX applications. A CST Microwave Studio Suite software has used to simulate the filter-antenna circuit. The simulated results of the patch antenna and the results of the filter-antenna appears a good matching between the two circuits

Oestrogen receptor β (ERβ) regulates osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp cells

Estradiol (E2) has many important actions in the tissues of the oral cavity. Disruption of E2 metabolism or alterations in systemic E2 concentrations have been associated with compromised periodontal health. In many instances such changes occur secondarily to the well characterised effects of E2 on bone physiology –especially maintenance of bone mineral density (BMD). Despite these important epidemiological findings, little is known about the mechanism of action of E2 in oral tissues or the expression and function of oestrogen receptor (ER) isoforms in these tissues. We have isolated human dental pulp cells (hDPCs), which are able to differentiate towards an osteogenic lineage under appropriate culture conditions. We show that hDPCs express ERα, ERβ1, ERβ2 and the cell membrane associated G protein-coupled ER (GPR30). Following osteogenic differentiation of hDPCs, ERβ1 and ERβ2 were up regulated approximately 50-fold while ERα and GPR30 were down regulated, but to a much lesser degree (approximately 2-fold). ERβ was characterised as a 59 kDa protein following Western blot analysis with validated antibodies and ERβ was detected in both nuclear and cytoplasmic cell compartments following immunofluorescence (IF) and immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of cultured cells. Furthermore isoform specific antibodies detected both ERβ1 and ERβ2 in DPC cultures and in situ analysis of ERβ expression in decalcified tooth/pulp sections identified the odontoblast layer of pulp cells juxtaposed to the tooth enamel as strongly reactive for both ERβ isoforms. Finally the use of isoform specific agonists identified ERβ as the main receptor responsible for the pro-osteogenic effect of oestrogenic hormones in this tissue. Our data suggest that oestrogens stimulated osteogenic differentiation in hDPCs and that this action is mediated principally through the ERβ isoform. These findings may have important consequences for the investigation and treatment of oral and periodontal pathologies which are associated with imbalances in oestrogen concentrations and action

A New and Compact Wide-Band Microstrip Filter-Antenna Design for 2.4 GHz ISM Band and 4G Applications

A new and compact four-pole wide-band planar filter-antenna design is proposed in this article. The effect of the dielectric material type on the characteristics of the design is also investigated and presented. The filter-antenna structure is formed by a fourth-order planar band-pass filter (BPF) cascaded with a monopole microstrip antenna. The designed filter-antenna operates at a centre frequency of 2.4 GHz and has a relatively wide-band impedance bandwidth of about 1.22 GHz and a fractional bandwidth (FBW) of about 50%. The effects of three different types of substrate material, which are Rogers RT5880, Rogers RO3003, and FR-4, are investigated and presented using the same configuration. The filter-antenna design is simulated and optimised using computer simulation technology (CST) software and is fabricated and measured using a Rogers RT5880 substrate with a height (h) of 0.81 mm, a dielectric constant of 2.2, and a loss tangent of 0.0009. The structure is printed on a compact size of 0.32 λ0 × 0.30 λ0, where λ0 is the free-space wavelength at the centre frequency. A good agreement is obtained between the simulation and measurement performance. The designed filter-antenna with the achieved performance can find different applications for 2.4 GHz ISM band and 4G wireless communications

Experimental and theoretical investigations of Erbium complex: DNA/BSA interaction, anticancer and antibacterial studies

To assess the biological potential of an Er complex that contains a 2,2'-bipyridine ligand, various techniques such as multispectral and molecular modeling procedures were utilized to examine its DNA-binding ability, BSA binding affinity, antimicrobial effects, and anticancer properties. By analyzing fluorescent information and employing the vant’ Hoff equation, important parameters such as the innate docking coefficient (Kb), Stern-Volmer coefficient (KSV), and thermodynamic properties including modifications in liberated energy (ΔG°), enthalpy (∆H°), and entropy (∆S°) were determined. The trial findings suggest that the compound can bind to DNA, primarily through groove binding. Additionally, the engagement between the Er compound and the protein BSA was examined using emission spectroscopy technique, revealing a powerful binding affinity between the compound and BSA. The Er complex binds to BSA primarily via hydrogen links and van der Waals forces, as indicated by the adverse values of ΔH° and ∆S°. Through a static quenching process, the complex significantly reduces the intrinsic fluorescence of BSA. Molecular binding calculations and rivalrous binding trials confirm that this compound dock to hydrophobic remains found in site III of BSA. Additionally, the Er complex demonstrates promising results in terms of its anticancer and antimicrobial activities based on screening tests