Pelayanan Kesehatan Perinatal di Daerah Pedesaan Ujung Berung

A survey on perinatal care in a rural area at Ujung Berung district, located 15—20 km outside Bandung, West Java was conducted. Three villages with a population of 40,787 were selected. Health services were provided by one health post and several family planning posts. In this study 1303 pregnant women were followed throughout the 28 weeks of pregnancy until the infant is 28 days of age. Among the 1303 pregnant women 5.7% had received tetanus toxoid immunization. Perinatal mortality rate (PMR) was 43.6 per thousand and incidence of low birth weight was 14.3 percent. Only 12.8% pregnant women were using some kind of contraception before the last pregnancy. The PMR decreased in spite of the low percentage users. The main causes of death during perinatal period vece asphyxia neonatorum and infections. The incidence of tetanus neonatorum during neonatal period was 17 per thousand live births. An evaluation of health service activities showed 47.5% of these pregnant women had antenatal care. Care during delivery and early postnatal period was carried out by TBAs. No significant difference was found between the PMR of trained and untrained TBAs. Another aspect of health service activities is referral to the health centre or hospital. A total of 3.8 percent infants were referred because of neo­natal problems; among these, refusal was 12.5% due to the totalistic attitude of the parents in the village. The results showed that coverage of pregnant women and their infants by safe health care services is very low. This may be due to lack of facilities and health personnel, and probably also due to the confidence of village people for traditional health care providers. Thus, education and training as well as supervision of traditional health care providers and their integration into the formal health care structure is of extreme importance

The Attitude, Knowledge and Behaviour of Traditional Birth Attendants in a Rural Area, Ujung -Berung, West Java

Telah dilaksanakan suatu penelitian mengenai pengetahuan, sikap dan perbuatan dari para dukun bayi di desa Ujung Berung, yang letaknya kira-kira 15 km dari Bandung. Dukun yang diteliti berjumlah 45 orang dan 11 di antaranya telah mendapat latihan dari Dinas Kesehatan setempat. Metoda penelitian yang dipakai ialah wawancara, observasi langsung dan pengumpulan data morta­litas dan morbiditas. Hasil penelitian tersebut menunjukkan bahwa dukun yang terlatih mempunyai pengetahuan dan sikap yang lebih baik daripada dukun yang tidak terlatih, namun tindakannya masih banyak yang tidak berbeda dengan cara tradisional. Frekuensi tetanus neonatorum misalnya masih tinggi pada bayi yang ditolong dukun terlatih. Untuk meningkatkan efektivitas dari pekerjaan dukun terlatih diperlukan bimbingan dan pertemuan berkala yang lebih teratur dari petugas kesehatan setempat

Dynamic Response of Pavement Plates to the Positive and Negative Phases of the Friedlander Load

The dynamic response of pavement plates to a localized Friedlander load based on the threeparameter foundation model with the account of soil inertia is analyzed.Выполнен анализ динамической реакции мостовых плит на локализованную нагрузку Фридлендера на базе трехпараметрической модели основы с учетом инерции грунта

Comparison of Diabetes Mellitus Prevalence between Universal and Targeted Screening among Tuberculosis Patients in Resource Limited Settings

BACKGROUND: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) increases the risk of active Tuberculosis (TB) infection and treatment failure. Therefore, screening of DM is important in TB patients. However, it may not be possible to screen all patients where resources are limited. This study aimed to compare the sensitivity of universal screening and targeted screening methods in the detection of DM among TB patients. SUBJECT AND METHODS: TANDEM study was conducted from February to June 2016. This project consisted of prevalence study and clinical trial on TB-DM. A sample of TB patients aged ≥ 35 years old was selected for this study. The prevalence of the universal screening method was compared with that of the targeted method in the detection of DM among the TB patients. RESULTS: By universal screening, 128 out of 748 (17.11%) TB patients were confirmed to have DM. By targeted screening, 30 out of 85 (35.29%) TB patients were confirmed to have DM. This difference in prevalence between the two screening methods was statistically significant (p<0.001). Mean age (year) of TB patients with DM was 53.38 (SD=9.72), whereas mean HbA1c was 10.77% (SD=3.10). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of targeted screening method in the detection of DM among TB patients was higher than that of universal screening method. The targeted screening method has the potential to be used in resource-poor settings. Keywords: prevalence, diabetes mellitus, universal screening, targeted screening, tuberculosi

Efek Suplemen Protein Berbasis-susu Terhadap Keseimbangan Mikroflora Tuberkulosis Paru Dari Pasien Dalam Pengobatan (Effect of Milk-based Protein Supplement on the Microflora Balance of Pulmonary Tuberculosis From Treated Patients)

Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients, in addition to frequently suffering from nutritional deficiency, may have impaired gut microflora balance as effect of low daily dietary intake and antibiotics therapy use, respectively. Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium longum is a normal inhabitant of human gut microflora, which able to improve nutrients absorption and modulate immune response. Objective: To test the effect of milk-based protein (MBP) supplement on the microflora balance of TB (maintaining growth and metabolic activity of probiotic bacteria) from treated patients. Methods: Several methods was applied to determine nutrients concentration and probiotic population. (1) types and carbohydrate amount and vitamin A concentration in MBP supplement was determined by HPLC method, zinc concentration used AAS method and amount of protein used micro Kjeldahl method; (2) total energy, fat and vitamin D concentration was calculated based on their concentration in each ingredient; (3) total cells count for growth and metabolic activity test of probiotics bacteria was used plating technique and HPLC method, respectively; (4) acceptance test to MBP supplement was performed using organoleptic test three point Likert scale. Results: In each 100 gram MBP supplement was containing (a) monosaccharide (1,710 mg), disaccharides (43,870 mg) and oligosaccharides (490 mg), vitamin A, zinc, protein, energy, fat dan vitamin D, (b) it supplement capable maintained growth of probiotics bacteria (&gt; 1x 10 log10 cfu/mL) and stimulated lactic acid production five times higher (4,5 M lactic acid/mL) than placebo (0,9 M lactic acid/ml); (c) MBP supplements has been accepted by all subjects. Conclusion: MBP supplement had capacity to maintain growth and improved metabolic activity of two indigenous probiotic bacteria in the human gut

Environmental costs assessment for improved environmental-economic account for Indonesia

Industrial Ecolog

Are fishers happier? An evidence from a large-scale Indonesian happiness survey

Almost all recent empirical literatures that study the subjective wellbeing of fishers lack of relevant control as they are only based on surveys among fishers. Therefore, they cannot really answer whether being a fisher generate higher or lower life satisfaction, after controlling for other aspects of life. This study is based on Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS), a survey of almost 20,000 individuals which contain information of various socio-economic and employment characteristics as well as several life-satisfaction question which include their subjective happiness (generally how happy they are with the scale from 1 to 4) and their subjective position on economic ladders (5 ladders, from poorest to richest). For the economic ladders they are also ask their current and their future position from which we can infer how optimistic they are in their life. From the data, we can also identify whether an individual work as a fisher or other type of occupations within the category of self-employed without worker, self-employed with worker, unpaid family worker, and casual worker. We apply ordered-probit regressions (given the nature the life satisfaction data). We find that, after controlling income, demographics, education, health and regional characteristics, fishers in general are not happier compared to other type of jobs except those under the category of self-employed with workers and casual workers. However, we find that fishers are more optimistic in life as being a fisher is associated with positive attitude toward the change in the economic status

The C-Type Lectin Receptor CLECSF8/CLEC4D Is a Key Component of Anti-Mycobacterial Immunity

Open Access funded by Wellcome Trust: Under a Creative Commons license Copyright © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Acknowledgments We would like to thank S. Hardison, P. Redelinghuys, J. Taylor, C. Wallace, A. Richmond, S. Hadebe, A. Plato, F. Abbass, L. Fick, N. Allie, R. Wilkinson, K. Wilkinson, S. Cooper, D. Lang, and V. Kumar for reagents and assistance, and the animal facility staff for the care of our animals. This work was supported by the MRC (UK) and Wellcome Trust (G.D.B.); MRC (South Africa) and Sydney Brenner Fellowship (M.J.M.); Vici (M.G.N.), Vidi (R.v.C.), and Veni grants (T.S.P.) from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research; the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (T.H.M.O.); EC FP7 projects (NEWTBVAC, ADITEC; T.H.M.O.); Carnegie Corporation and CIDRI (J.C.H.); and the University of Aberdeen (B.K.).Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Sensitivity of the Quantiferon-Gold In-Tube Assay in Sputum Smear Positive TB Cases in Indonesia

BACKGROUND: As part of a formal evaluation of the Quantiferon-Gold in-tube assay (QFT-IT) for latent TB infection we compared its sensitivity to the tuberculin skin test (TST) in confirmed adult TB cases in Indonesia. Smear-positive TB disease was used as a proxy gold standard for latent TB infection. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We compared the sensitivity of QFT-IT and TST in 98 sputum smear and chest x-ray positive TB cases and investigated risk factors for negative and discordant results in both tests. Both tests showed high sensitivity; (QFT-IT; 88.7%: TST; 94.9%), not significantly different from each other (p value 0.11). Very high sensitivity was seen when tests were combined (98.9%). There were no variables significantly associated with discordant results or with a negative TST. For QFT-IT which particular staff member collected blood was significantly associated with test positivity (p value 0.01). Study limitations include small sample size and lack of culture confirmation or HIV test results. CONCLUSIONS: The QFT-IT has similar sensitivity in Indonesian TB cases as in other locations. However, QFT-IT, like the TST cannot distinguish active TB disease from LTBI. In countries such as Indonesia, with high background rates of LTBI, test specificity for TB disease will likely be low. While our study was not designed to evaluate the QFT-IT in the diagnosis of active TB disease in TB suspects, the data suggest that a combination of TST and QFT-IT may prove useful for ruling out TB disease. Further research is required to explore the clinical role of QFT-IT in combination with other TB diagnostic tests

The effectiveness of emergency obstetric referral interventions in developing country settings : a systematic review

Peer reviewedPublisher PD