Pollen and seed morphology of rhinacanthus nees and hypoestes Sol. ex R. Br. (Acanthaceae) of Yemen

Pollens and seeds of Hypoestes and Rhinacanthus collected from different field localities in Taiz and Soqotra Island, Yemen were investigated by using light and scanning electron microscopes. Pollen grains of Hypoestes were prolate in equatorial view, lobate trigonal to lobate circular in polar view whereas those of Rhinacanthus were subspheroidal and rounded trigonal in polar view. The aperture was tricolporate and exine ornamentation was coarsely reticulate for all species in the two genera. Scanning electron microscopy and morphological observations showed that mature dry seeds of Hypoestes and Rhinacanthus have various sizes and shapes, the surface ornamentations observed were reticulate to cristate, an addition to the tuberculum and papillae. The three Hypoestes species differ in the seed structure which are useful for identification and their high structural diversity provides an important taxonomic value for species differentiation

Determination of medical waste composition in hospitals of Sana'a city, Yemen

The composition analysis of medical waste is generally considered to be the fundamental information for the most basic steps in the development of a plan for solid hospitals waste management. The objectives of this study were to determine the quantity, generation rate, and the physical composition of medical waste generated in hospitals of Sana'a city, Yemen. This cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted on the composition of hospital wastes generated in four governmental hospitals in Sana'a City. Purposive sampling was used in the selection of the hospitals, which included (Al-Thawra, Al-Kuwait, Republic, and Military). Results of this study showed that the daily average of the waste generated from the studied hospitals was 5615 kg/day. Approximately 26% of the total waste was hazardous (infectious, pathological, and chemical wastes). While 74% was a general (non-hazardous) waste. The average rate of the total waste generation was 3 kg/patient/day, and 2.5 kg/bed/day. The mean individual components of generated waste in the studied hospitals were; foods 27%, plastic 22%, paper/cardboard 22%, glass 11%, metals 10%, and others 8%. In conclusion, about 26% of the waste was hazardous. The physical component analysis of the waste indicated that the foods, plastic, and paper/cartoon has the highest content of the hospitals waste. Decision makers in Yemen can use this study information for designing and plan the properly management for the collecting system and the healthy disposal of the hazardous waste. Also, for estimating the total policy of required facilities, manpower, and other related costs.Keywords: Composition; medical waste; hospitals waste; Yeme

Numerical solution of third order three-point boundary value problems of ordinary differential equations with variable coefficients using variational-composite hybrid fixed point iterative method

This paper explores variational–composite hybrid fixed point iterative scheme for the solution of third order three-point boundary value problems. The method shows a strong convergence which makes it an efficient and reliable technique for finding approximate analytical solutions for third order three-point boundary value problems of ordinary differential equations with variable coefficients. From the numerical experiments carried out, the accuracy of the method was confirmed through the order of convergence obtained

Petrophysical properties of Cretaceous clastic rocks (Qishn Formation) in the Sharyoof oilfield, onshore Masila Basin, Yemen

AbstractThe subsurface of Qishn clastic rocks, which are exposed in the Sharyoof oilfield, has been studied. The petrophysical properties, i.e., porosity and permeability of Qishn clastic reservoir rocks were investigated using well logging coupled with core data. The results were used to evaluate the reservoir quality and hydrocarbon occurrence potential. The lithology of the Qishn clastic was computed from well logs, which indicate that the lithofacies of the Qishn clastic at Sharyoof oilfield is mainly composed of sandstone and carbonates with a low amount of shale intercalations.Generally, the Qishn clastic reservoir rocks have good reservoir quality with porosity values, averaging ∼19.0%. These porosity values are mainly intergranular primary and secondary porosity. Permeability is likewise variable with values in the range of 0.001–7270mD and an average of 413mD. This is conformed from core porosity and permeability results. However, the relatively high values of effective porosity and permeability are due to lower shale contents in the Qishn clastic rocks. The Qishn clastic reservoir rocks have been differentiated into net-pay and non-pay zones according to the cutoff (i.e., effective porosity ⩾10%, shale volume ⩽30% and water saturation ⩽50%). The Qishn clastic reservoir rocks have high hydrocarbon saturation exceeding 70%, with relatively high movable oil, indicating that the production is mainly oils. Therefore, the Early Cretaceous Qishn Formation acts as a hydrocarbon reservoir in the Sharyoof oilfield, Masila Basin, eastern Yemen.Reservoir property distributions of the Qishn clastic rocks such as net-pay thickness, porosity, permeability and hydrocarbon potential indicate that the best prospective region for oil accumulation is located in the central part of the study area. Therefore, the Qishn clastic rocks in the central part of the study area have promising reservoir characteristics and hydrocarbon occurrence potential, which should be taken into consideration during future development of the Sharyoof oilfield

Identification of bacteria and fungi in the solid waste generated in hospitals of Sana'a city, Yemen

A medical establishment such as hospitals and medical centers generate a sizable amount of hazardous waste. In Yemen, the hospitals' wastes are still largely mismanaged, mainly because the sector did not know what to do with the waste. The present study was undertaken to determine the bacterial and fungal agents present in different various of the hospitals' solid waste. The samples were collected from the different wards/departments and from the central storage rooms/dustbins of the hospitals in Sana'a city, Yemen. The presence of bacterial and fungal agents in the hospitals' waste was determined using the conventional bacteria, and fungi identification methods. The bacteria and fungi were detected in the hospitals' solid waste were Klebsiella spp. (9.3%), E. coli (12.7%), Citrobacter spp. (8.5), Candida spp. (18.6%), Proteus spp. (9.3%), Cladosporium werneckii spp. (19.5%), Bacillus spp. (9.3%), Aspergillus spp. (7.6%), Trichothecium spp. (0.8%), Mucor spp. (3.4%), and Acinetobacter spp. (0.8%). This study results confirmed that the prevalence types of microorganism vary based on seasonal and spatial variables

Public Knowledge of Oral Cancer and Modelling of Demographic Background Factors Affecting this Knowledge in Khartoum State, Sudan

Objectives: Knowledge of oral cancer affects early detection and diagnosis of this disease. This study aimed to assess the current level of public knowledge of oral cancer in Khartoum State, Sudan, and examine how demographic background factors affect this knowledge. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 501 participants recruited by systematic random sampling from the outpatient records of three major hospitals in Khartoum State between November 2012 and February 2013. A pretested structured questionnaire was designed to measure knowledge levels. A logistic regression model was utilised with demographic background variables as independent variables and knowledge of oral cancer as the dependent variable. A path analysis was conducted to build a structural model. Results: Of the 501 participants, 42.5% had no knowledge of oral cancer, while 5.4%, 39.9% and 12.2% had low, moderate and high knowledge levels, respectively. Logistic regression modelling showed that age, place of residence and education levels were significantly associated with knowledge levels (P = 0.009, 0.017 and <0.001, respectively). According to the structural model, age and place of residence had a prominent direct effect on knowledge, while age and residence also had a prominent indirect effect mediated through education levels. Conclusion: Education levels had the most prominent positive effect on knowledge of oral cancer among outpatients at major hospitals in Khartoum State. Moreover, education levels were found to mediate the effect of other background variables

Pollen and seed morphology of Justicieae (Ruellioideae, Acanthaceae) of Yemen

Pollen and seeds of 12 genera and 28 species belonging to Justicieae namely, Anisotes, Angkalanthus, Asystasia, Ballochia, Dicliptera, Ecbolium, Hypoestes, Isoglossa, Justicia, Megalochlamys, Rhinacanthus and Trichocalyx were collected from different field localities in Yemen and were investigated using both light and scanning electron microscopes. Nine pollen types were observed whose shapes were prolate, subprolate and spheroidal while the apertures varied from dicolporate, tricolporate, porate to colpate. The exine ornamentation was reticulate in most of the species except Megalochlamyas, which showed perforate ornamentation, and Isoglossa, which showed reticulate to rugulate ornamentation. Scanning electron microscopy and morphological observations showed that mature dry seeds of the genera have various sizes and shapes, the surface ornamentations observed were reticulate, cristate, tuberculate and papillae. In addition, hairs were present in some Ballochia species. The variation in the seed structures between the genera and within the species was useful for their identification and classification; their high structural diversity is of important taxonomic value for species differentiation

Stem and leaf anatomical studies of selected species of barlerieae and ruellieae (acanthaceae) from Yemen

The anatomy of stems and leaves of selected species of tribes Barlerieae and Ruellieae (Acanthaceae) was studied to assess the taxonomic significance of anatomical characteristics in the two tribes. The anatomical characters such as the outline of stems, midribs, petioles, margins, shape of epidermal cells, vascular bundles, stomata, anticlinal cells, cystoliths, aerenchyma cells, layer of wax, layer of hypodermis were observed and analysed. Type of trichomes observed on the leaf surface using Scanning Electron Microscopy and light microscope provides information of taxonomic significance to both tribes and the taxa within them. The trichomes vary from non-glandular (unicellular, bicellular, multicellular, and multiradiate) to capitate glandular. Abundance of long-stalked trichomes was recorded only in Neuracanthus aculeatus. Cystoliths of different size and position are present in epidermis, parenchyma and collenchyma in addition to oil cells in some genera. The placement of Neuracanthus among the recognized tribes of Acanthaceae is assessed using anatomical characters

Synthesis, characterization and bioactivity ¬¬¬¬Zn2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Co2+, Mn2+, Fe3+, Ru3+, VO2+ and UO22+ complexes of 2-hydroxy-5-((4-nitrophenyl)diazenyl)benzylidene)-2-(p-tolyl- amino)acetohydrazide

Novel azo-acetohydrazide complexes of Zn2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Co2+, Mn2+, Fe3+, Ru3+, VO2+ and UO22+ with 2-hydroxy-5-((4-nitrophenyl)diazenyl)benzylidene)-2-(p-tolylamino)acetohydrazide have been prepared. All the compounds were analytically and spectroscopically characterized by various techniques. The data of molar conductance indicated the prepared complexes are nonelectrolyte in nature except complexes (10) and (11). The spectroscopic data point out that the behavior of ligand towards metal ions are neutral or monobasic bidentate, and dibasic tridentate ligand linked to the metal ions through oxygen atom of ketonic or enolic carbonyl group, azomethine nitrogen atom and/or deprotonated phenolic group forming either octahedral or tetragonally distorted octahedral geometry. X-ray powder diffraction analysis of complexes (2) and (3) indicate that the complexes are crystalline in nature and have monoclinic structures. The microbicides activities of all compounds evaluated by well diffusion method versus Escherichia coli and Aspergillus niger at different concentration. The bioactivities data elucidated that as the concentration of the tested solutions increases the activities increase