Spectrophotometric Determination of Trimipramine in Tablet Dosage Form via Charge Transfer Complex Formation

Purpose: To develop and validate simple, rapid and sensitive spectrophotometric procedures for determination of trimipramine in tablet dosage form.Methods: The methods were based on the interaction of trimipramine as n-electron donor with the ο-acceptor, iodine and various π-acceptors, namely: chloranil (CH), chloranilic acid (ChA), 2,3-dichloro-5, 6-dicyano-1, 4-benzoquinone (DDQ), and 7, 7,8, 8 tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ), to form charge transfer complexes. The complexes obtained were measured spectrophotometrically at 292, 220, 520, 302, and 824 nm for I2, CH, ChA, DDQ, and TCNQ, respectively. Different variables affecting the reaction were carefully studied and optimized.Results: Beer's law was obeyed over the concentration ranges 1 - 5, 5 - 50, 15 - 100, 5- 50, and 10 -75 ppm for I2, CH, ChA, DDQ, and TCNQ respectively, with apparent molar absorptivities of 7.1 x 104, 0.3 x 104, 1.6 x 104, 0.26 x 104, and 0.1 x 104 l mol-1cm-1 respectively. The proposed methods were successfully applied to the determination of trimipramine with good accuracy and precision.Conclusion: The results demonstrated that the developed methods are as accurate, precise and reproducible as the pharmacopeial method. The methods would be valuable for routine application in quality control.Keywords: Charge-transfer complex, Trimipramine, Spectrophotometry (T and S

Adaptive gender-based thermal control system

A closed loop adaptive gender-based thermal control system (AG-TCS) is designed, modelled, analysed and tested. The system has the unique feature of adapting to the surrounding environment as a function of the number of humans present and the gender ratio. The operation of the system depends on a unique interface between a radio frequency identification (RFID) device and an imaging device, both of which are correlated and interfaced to a controller. Testing of the system resulted in smooth transition and shape conversion of the response curve, which proved its adaptability. Three mathematical equations describing the internal mechanisms of the AG-TCS are presented and have been proven to optimally reflect the original statistical data covering both genders

Hydrogeochemical Modelling of Groundwater at Al-Nile Area, Center of Babylon Governorate, Iraq

تمثل منطقة الدراسة منطقة النيل في قضاء المحاويل التابعة الى محافظة بابل والتي تبتعد بحوالة (90 كم) جنوب محافظة بغداد وبحوالي (20 كم) شرق مدينة الحلة. غطت هذه الدراسة مساحة قدرها (300 كم2) واقعة مابين خطي طول (44° 30ʹ & 44° 36ʹ) وما بين دائرتي عرض (32° 32ʹ & 32° 36ʹ). الوضع الجيولوجي لمنطقة الدراسة يتميز بالترسبات الحديثة للعصر الرباعي خلال فترتي البليستوسين والهولوسين متضمنة في الغالب ترسبات السهل الفيضي. طبوغرافياً، تتميز محافظة بابل بقلة الانحدار مع تدرجات خفيفة بحوالي (22 سم/كم) تنحدر من المناطق الشمالية والشمالية الغربية باتجاه المناطق الجنوبية والجنوبية الشرقية. ان الهدف الأساسي للدراسة الحالية هو انشاء موديلات هيدروجيوكيميائية للمياه الجوفية في منطقة الدراسة لغرض تحديد نسب الذوبان والترسيب للأطوار المعدنية على طول مسارات التدفق المختارة وكذلك لغرض توضيح مدى تأثير المياه السطحية (جدول بابل) على المياه الجوفية من خلال استخدام تقنية الخلط الهايدروجيوكيميائية. أظهرت المعاملات الكيميائية للمياه السطحية والجوفية تغيرات مكانية وزمانية هامة من خلال تراكيز العناصر الرئيسية والثانوية خلال فترتي الدراسة. يدل التفاعل الجيوكيميائي الرئيسي في منطقة الدراسة على وجود طور الذوبان في معادن الدولومايت، الجبسوم، الهالايت والسلفايت، أما طور الترسيب فهو يشمل معادن الكالسايت والهيماتايت على طول المسارات المختارة. كما أوضحت عملية الخلط بان هناك تأثير عالي لجدول بابل على الابار (1،7،13 و21)، ويكون اقل تأثيراً على الابار (3،5،14،19 و20) وبنسب مختلفةThe study area represented Al-Nile area at Al-Mahaweel district affiliated to Babylon governorate and just (90 km) south of Baghdad governorate and about (20 km) east of Al-Hillah city. This study covered an area about (300 km2) which located between (44°30' & 44°36') E and (32°32' & 32°36') N. The geological setting of the study area characterized by recent sediments of the quaternary period during the Pleistocene and Holocene involves the floodplain deposits. Topographically, the Babylon governorate characterized by a lack of slope with gentle gradient about (22 cm/km) descended from northern and northwestern sides towards the eastern parts and southeastern. The mainly target of this present study is to originate a hydrogeochemical modelling of groundwater in the study area to determine the dissolution and precipitation ratios of the mineral phases along the selected flow paths and also explained the effected ratio of the surface water (Babylon stream) on the groundwater by using the hydrogeochemical mixing technique. Ground and surface water parameters show significant spatial and temporal variations in major and minor element concentrations during the two periods of the study. The mixing process shows us a highly effect of the Babylon stream in the wells (1,7,13 and 21), while show low effected on the wells (3,5,14,19 and 20) with a different contributio

Hydrogeochemical Modelling of Groundwater at Al-Nile Area, Center of Babylon Governorate, Iraq

تمثل منطقة الدراسة منطقة النيل في قضاء المحاويل التابعة الى محافظة بابل والتي تبتعد بحوالة (90 كم) جنوب محافظة بغداد وبحوالي (20 كم) شرق مدينة الحلة. غطت هذه الدراسة مساحة قدرها (300 كم2) واقعة مابين خطي طول (44° 30ʹ & 44° 36ʹ) وما بين دائرتي عرض (32° 32ʹ & 32° 36ʹ). الوضع الجيولوجي لمنطقة الدراسة يتميز بالترسبات الحديثة للعصر الرباعي خلال فترتي البليستوسين والهولوسين متضمنة في الغالب ترسبات السهل الفيضي. طبوغرافياً، تتميز محافظة بابل بقلة الانحدار مع تدرجات خفيفة بحوالي (22 سم/كم) تنحدر من المناطق الشمالية والشمالية الغربية باتجاه المناطق الجنوبية والجنوبية الشرقية. ان الهدف الأساسي للدراسة الحالية هو انشاء موديلات هيدروجيوكيميائية للمياه الجوفية في منطقة الدراسة لغرض تحديد نسب الذوبان والترسيب للأطوار المعدنية على طول مسارات التدفق المختارة وكذلك لغرض توضيح مدى تأثير المياه السطحية (جدول بابل) على المياه الجوفية من خلال استخدام تقنية الخلط الهايدروجيوكيميائية. أظهرت المعاملات الكيميائية للمياه السطحية والجوفية تغيرات مكانية وزمانية هامة من خلال تراكيز العناصر الرئيسية والثانوية خلال فترتي الدراسة. يدل التفاعل الجيوكيميائي الرئيسي في منطقة الدراسة على وجود طور الذوبان في معادن الدولومايت، الجبسوم، الهالايت والسلفايت، أما طور الترسيب فهو يشمل معادن الكالسايت والهيماتايت على طول المسارات المختارة. كما أوضحت عملية الخلط بان هناك تأثير عالي لجدول بابل على الابار (1،7،13 و21)، ويكون اقل تأثيراً على الابار (3،5،14،19 و20) وبنسب مختلفة.The study area represented Al-Nile area at Al-Mahaweel district affiliated to Babylon governorate and just (90 km) south of Baghdad governorate and about (20 km) east of Al-Hillah city. This study covered an area about (300 km2) which located between (44°30' & 44°36') E and (32°32' & 32°36') N. The geological setting of the study area characterized by recent sediments of the quaternary period during the Pleistocene and Holocene involves the floodplain deposits. Topographically, the Babylon governorate characterized by a lack of slope with gentle gradient about (22 cm/km) descended from northern and northwestern sides towards the eastern parts and southeastern. The mainly target of this present study is to originate a hydrogeochemical modelling of groundwater in the study area to determine the dissolution and precipitation ratios of the mineral phases along the selected flow paths and also explained the effected ratio of the surface water (Babylon stream) on the groundwater by using the hydrogeochemical mixing technique. Ground and surface water parameters show significant spatial and temporal variations in major and minor element concentrations during the two periods of the study. The mixing process shows us a highly effect of the Babylon stream in the wells (1,7,13 and 21), while show low effected on the wells (3,5,14,19 and 20) with a different contribution

Hydrogeochemical Modelling of Groundwater at Al-Nile Area, Center of Babylon Governorate, Iraq

تمثل منطقة الدراسة منطقة النيل في قضاء المحاويل التابعة الى محافظة بابل والتي تبتعد بحوالة (90 كم) جنوب محافظة بغداد وبحوالي (20 كم) شرق مدينة الحلة. غطت هذه الدراسة مساحة قدرها (300 كم2) واقعة مابين خطي طول (44° 30ʹ & 44° 36ʹ) وما بين دائرتي عرض (32° 32ʹ & 32° 36ʹ). الوضع الجيولوجي لمنطقة الدراسة يتميز بالترسبات الحديثة للعصر الرباعي خلال فترتي البليستوسين والهولوسين متضمنة في الغالب ترسبات السهل الفيضي. طبوغرافياً، تتميز محافظة بابل بقلة الانحدار مع تدرجات خفيفة بحوالي (22 سم/كم) تنحدر من المناطق الشمالية والشمالية الغربية باتجاه المناطق الجنوبية والجنوبية الشرقية. ان الهدف الأساسي للدراسة الحالية هو انشاء موديلات هيدروجيوكيميائية للمياه الجوفية في منطقة الدراسة لغرض تحديد نسب الذوبان والترسيب للأطوار المعدنية على طول مسارات التدفق المختارة وكذلك لغرض توضيح مدى تأثير المياه السطحية (جدول بابل) على المياه الجوفية من خلال استخدام تقنية الخلط الهايدروجيوكيميائية. أظهرت المعاملات الكيميائية للمياه السطحية والجوفية تغيرات مكانية وزمانية هامة من خلال تراكيز العناصر الرئيسية والثانوية خلال فترتي الدراسة. يدل التفاعل الجيوكيميائي الرئيسي في منطقة الدراسة على وجود طور الذوبان في معادن الدولومايت، الجبسوم، الهالايت والسلفايت، أما طور الترسيب فهو يشمل معادن الكالسايت والهيماتايت على طول المسارات المختارة. كما أوضحت عملية الخلط بان هناك تأثير عالي لجدول بابل على الابار (1،7،13 و21)، ويكون اقل تأثيراً على الابار (3،5،14،19 و20) وبنسب مختلفة.The study area represented Al-Nile area at Al-Mahaweel district affiliated to Babylon governorate and just (90 km) south of Baghdad governorate and about (20 km) east of Al-Hillah city. This study covered an area about (300 km2) which located between (44°30' & 44°36') E and (32°32' & 32°36') N. The geological setting of the study area characterized by recent sediments of the quaternary period during the Pleistocene and Holocene involves the floodplain deposits. Topographically, the Babylon governorate characterized by a lack of slope with gentle gradient about (22 cm/km) descended from northern and northwestern sides towards the eastern parts and southeastern. The mainly target of this present study is to originate a hydrogeochemical modelling of groundwater in the study area to determine the dissolution and precipitation ratios of the mineral phases along the selected flow paths and also explained the effected ratio of the surface water (Babylon stream) on the groundwater by using the hydrogeochemical mixing technique. Ground and surface water parameters show significant spatial and temporal variations in major and minor element concentrations during the two periods of the study. The mixing process shows us a highly effect of the Babylon stream in the wells (1,7,13 and 21), while show low effected on the wells (3,5,14,19 and 20) with a different contributio

The 2016 Season of the Al-Wajh – Al-'Ula Survey Project : Preliminary Report

Peer reviewe

CT Scan Value Of Temporal Bone In Assessment Of Congenital Deafness

Background:. Computed tomography (CT) of the temporal bone is the first-line recommended imaging modality for SNHL. Because it can identify inner ear malformations that may be responsible for hearing impairment. Objectives: To demonstrate CT abnormalities encountered in children with congenital deafness and to assess the value of CT in the prediction for cochlear implantation. Also to evaluate the incidence and types of inner ear abnormalities in children with congenital deafness identified with CT scan for implantation difficulties. Patients & Methods: This is a cross sectional study carried out during the period from October 2009 to October 2010 at Baghdad medical city complex on children patients who are suffering from congenital deafness. The study included 60 patients (120 ears), 27 males and 33 females, were evaluated by CT scan of temporal bone before cochlear implants. Results: Most of the cases undergo CT scan examination were normal (80%). Enlargement of the vestibular aqueduct is most common (10% ) causes of congenital inner ear malformations, followed by cochlear malformation (8.3%) while dysplasia of lateral semicircular canal found in (3.3%) of cases. Conclusion: High resolution CT scan is recommended in all patient for pre implant analysis of temporal bone morphology due to its reliability and easy availability. CT scan is the modality provided critical information on abnormalities of the otic capsule, pneumatisation of the mastoid, middle ear abnormalities, cochlear ducts patency and vascular abnormalities- thus helping to assess the suitability of the ear for implantation, determine the side to be implanted and to find any associated abnormality which could adversely influence the surgery or post operative period

Epidemiological Characteristics and Survival Studies of Rhabdomyosarcoma in East Egypt: A Five-Year Multicenter Study

Background. Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children, it represents 5–8% of childhood malignancies. Aim of the Work. To evaluate the epidemiological characteristics and treatment outcome in two pediatric oncology centers. Patients and Method. A retrospective analysis was performed on 41 medical records of children with RMS during 6 years period. Results. The median age of patients was 6 years with 80.4% below 10 years. Head and neck was the most common primary site. Embryonal RMS was the most frequent histopathologic subtype. Stage IV was the most frequent stage. According to IRS postsurgical grouping classification, group 4 was the most frequent group. There was a significant relationship between histopathologic subtypes of tumor and metastasis, primary site of tumor and histopathologic subtype, age, metastasis, IRS presurgical stage and IRS postsurgical group and outcome. The overall survival rate was 56.9% ± 8.4 and the failure free survival rate was 68.3% ± 7.6. Conclusion. The epidemiological characteristics of our patients are quite near to the worldwide data, apart from the higher prevalence of stage IV and group 4 with most of the primary tumor site in the extremities. CWS2002 protocol of therapy had led to improvement in the curability of the disease