Teknologi Terapan Pemanfaatan Limbah Cair Pencucian Kendaraan dengan Metode Koagulasi dan Biofilter Multimedia

Waste water generated by the efforts of the washing of vehicles is directly discharged into water bodies or waterways will cause pollution in water bodies due to the characteristics of the washing process that generates the content of the detergent or ionic surfactants and COD concentration is high contained in the waste water washing the car and potentially causing a decrease in the quality of water bodies and cause unpleasant odors, it is caused by the nature of the detergent and oil are difficult to decompose, causing a decrease in self purification of the water body. Under these conditions, the necessary technology can be used to deal with waste car wash. This study aims to determine the ability of coagulation methods and biofilter in lowering levels of contaminants COD (chemichal Oxygen Demand) and the levels of detergentthe vehicle washing waste. This study is Praeksprimen with Pretest-Posttest Design draft that begins with a literature review, a preliminary study and research core that is making the tool coagulation and multimedia biofilter. Data on laboratory results were analyzed descriptively explained in the form of tables, graphs and narrative that describes the overall process that occurred during the study. Based on the research that the method of coagulation and multimedia biofilter reducing levels of COD (chemichal Oxygen Demand) washing the vehicle with the efficiency decreased by 55.99 mg / l (64.84%) and the content of detergent (MBAs) in wastewater effluents washing vehicles with efficiency penu (Runan of 86,05mg / l (40.05%) the processing is compliant with the standards in accordance Government Regulation No.82 of 2001 on processing of water Quality and water Pollution Control who will be discharged into water bodies class III, shall not exceed 200 mg / l

Analisis Perbandingan IAS 41 Agriculture dengan PSAK 16 Aset Tetap dalam Perlakuan Akuntansi Tanaman Kelapa Sawit (Studi pada Indofood Agri Resources Ltd. dan PT Salim Ivomas Pratama Tbk)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbandingan perlakuan akuntansi tanaman kelapa sawit berdasarkan IAS 41 Agriculture dan PSAK 16 Aset Tetap pada Indofood Agri Resources Ltd. dan PT Salim Ivomas Pratama Tbk serta mengetahui dampak yang ditimbulkan akibat penerapan IAS 41 dalam perlakuan akuntansi tanaman kelapa sawit. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif komparatif dengan membandingkan perlakuan akuntansi tanaman kelapa sawit berdasarkan IAS 41 Agricuture dan PSAK 16 Aset Tetap. Objek penelitian ini adalah Indofood Agri Resources Ltd. dan PT Salim Ivomas Pratama Tbk, khususnya pada perlakuan akuntansi tanaman kelapa sawit pada laporan tahunan tahun 2008 sampai dengan 2012. Data yang diambil merupakan data sekunder berupa laporan tahunan objek penelitian. Data penelitian yang terkumpul dianalisis menggunakan metode grounded theory serta diuji keabsahannya dengan menggunakan analisis data triangulasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan akuntansi tanaman kelapa sawit menggunakan IAS 41 Agriculture berbeda dengan menggunakan PSAK 16 Aset Tetap dari segi pengakuan, pengukuran, penyajian, serta pengungkapannya. Hasil penelitian ini juga menunjukkan beberapa dampak implementasi IAS 41: menurunnya tingkat keterbandingan (comparability) laporan keuangan antarperusahaan dan antarperiode, menurunnya kegunaan laporan keuangan dalam membantu investor memprediksi arus kas masa depan, memperbesar atau memperkecil laba komprehensif dan beban pajak tahun berjalan, memperbesar biaya kepatuhan pembuat laporan keuangan, serta mempertinggi kemungkinan manajemen laba oleh Perusahaan

Mekanisme Pasar dalam Islam

The market mechanism will be reflected in the concept of Islamic Shariah principles in the formof values which can generally be divided into two perspectives: macro and micro. Shariah valuesin a micro perspective emphasizes the aspects of competence/professionalism and attitude oftrust, while the macro perspective Shariah values emphasize aspects of the distribution, theprohibition of usury and economic activities that do not provide real benefits to the economy.Therefore, it can be seen clearly benefit the Islamic economic system in the market thataddressed not only to the citizens of the Islamic community, but to all human being (rahmatanlilÄlamín).Keywords: Market Mechanism, Islamic Perspective

Analisis Preferensi Merk Laptop Mahasiswa Universitas Diponegoro Menggunakan Model Logit Tersarang

Today's rapidly evolving information technology affects mostly the change of people's choice in electronic devices (gadget) USAge, especially laptops. Addressing this phenomenon, laptop manufacturers are competing to create innovative products to reach various elements of the consumer. Nested logit, which sorts the alternatives based on common properties into smaller groups (nests) and has a level so as to form a tree structure, is a method that can be used to model consumer preferences. Alternatives may have either unique or common characteristics that describe properties or components so called attributes. In this study, laptop brands are treated as alternatives and classified by the operating system. This research concluded that the most favorite brand is Asus (25.35 %), followed by Toshiba (22.81%), Lenovo (14.27%), HP (13.90%), Acer (12.40%) and the least is Macbook (11.27%). Attributes that significantly affect the brand preferences are laptop classification and warranty, while color is considered insignificant

Effect of retardation on the dynamics of entanglement between atoms

The role of retardation in the entanglement dynamics of two distant atoms interacting with a multi-mode field of a ring cavity is discussed. The retardation is associated with a finite time required for light to travel between the atoms located at a finite distance and between the atoms and the cavity boundaries. We explore features in the concurrence indicative of retardation and show how these features evolve depending on the initial state of the system, distance between the atoms and the number of modes to which the atoms are coupled. In particular, we consider the short-time and the long time dynamics for both the multi- and sub-wavelength distances between the atoms. It is found that the retardation effects can qualitatively modify the entanglement dynamics of the atoms not only at multi- but also at sub-wavelength distances. We follow the temporal evolution of the concurrence and find that at short times of the evolution the retardation induces periodic sudden changes of entanglement. To analyze where the entanglement lies in the space spanned by the state vectors of the system, we introduce the collective Dicke states of the atomic system that explicitly account for the sudden changes as a periodic excitation of the atomic system to the maximally entangled symmetric state. At long times, the retardation gives rise to periodic beats in the concurrence that resemble the phenomenon of collapses and revivals in the Jaynes-Cummings model. In addition, we identify parameter values and initial conditions at which the atoms remain separable or are entangled without retardation during the entire evolution time, but exhibit the phenomena of sudden birth and sudden death of entanglement when the retardation is included.Comment: 16 pages, 14 figure

Pengaruh Limbah Cair Tahu Terhadap Kelimpahan Makrobenthos Di Sungai Elo Magelang

Sungai Elo digunakan sebagai salah satu lokasi pembuangan limbah cair tahu, diduga telah mengalami penurunan kualitas perairan. Adanya masukan polutan seperti bahan organik dari limbah cair tahu yang berlebih akan menyebabkan pencemaran dan akan berdampak pada kehidupan makrobenthos. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh limbah cair tahu terhadap kelimpahan makrobenthos, mengetahui kondisi perairan yang ditimbulkan oleh buangan limbah cair tahu berdasarkan bio-indikator makrobenthos, dan mengetahui korelasi antara kelimpahan makrobenthos dengan bahan organik di Sungai Elo. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Desember 2013 – Januari 2014 di Sungai Elo Magelang. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 3 stasiun. Materi penelitian adalah makrobenthos dan bahan organik yang terdapat di Sungai Elo. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode survei dan metode deskriptif. Makrobenthos yang diperoleh selama penelitian di Sungai Elo terdiri dari 6 kelas yaitu Oligochaeta 2 genus, Polychaeta 1 genus, Clitellata 1 genus, Hexapoda 1 genus, Gastropoda 3 genus, dan Bivalvia 1 genus. Genus yang paling banyak ditemukan Melanoides sp. (144,38%), Tubifex sp. (53,30%), dan Elimia sp. (49,21%). Kelimpahan makrobenthos terbesar terdapat pada stasiun II sebesar 1284 ind/m3 dan terendah terdapat pada stasiun I sebesar 327 ind/m3. Kandungan bahan organik berkisar antara 5,63 – 17,67 mg/l termasuk dalam kategori sedang-tinggi. Nilai Saprobik Indeks (SI) dalam analisa Saprobitas adalah -3 yang berarti perairan tercemar berat. Hasil uji korelasi regresi antara kelimpahan makrobenthos dengan kandungan bahan organik diperoleh nilai koefisien determinasi (R2) sebesar 0,678. Koefisien korelasi (r) sebesar 0,823 dengan nilai koefisien 0,7 < r ≤ 0,9 yang menunjukkan bahwa hubungan antara kedua variabel tersebut cukup kuat. Elo River was used as a location dismissal of Soybean Liquid Waste, has assumed been degradation of water quality. The existence of polutan like organic materials from soybean liquid waste will be contain and be affect to longlife of macrobenthos. The aim was to identify structure of macrobenthos community, the impact of soybean liquid waste based on macrobenthos bio-indicator, and corelation between macrobenthos abundance and organic materials in Elo River. The research was implemented on December 2013 - Januari 2014 in 3 location stations. The materials were organic materials and macrobenthos. The Method were Survey and Descriptive Method. The result was macrobenthos have been obtained consist of 6 classes, these were Oligochaeta (2 genus), Polychaeta (1 genus), Clitellata (1 genus), Hexapoda (1 genus), Gastropoda (3 genus), and Bivalve (1 genus). The most species founded was Melanoides sp. (144,38%), Tubifex sp. (53,30%), and Elimia sp. (49,21%). The biggest of macrobenthos abundance in station II, meanwhile the lowest of macrobenthos abundance in station I. Diversity index value all of stations ranging from 0,5 – 1,5. Content of organic material ranging from 5,63 – 17,67 mg/l include in moderate category. The value of saprobic index was -3, mean Elo River`s water wich high polutan. Result of regression test among macrobenthos abundance with content of organic material in Elo River obtained determination coefficient value (R2) was 0,678. Coefficient Corellation (r) was 0,823 with value of coefficient 0,7 < r ≤ 0,9 that sound was relationship among two variable strength enough

Karakteristik Dan Toksisitas Limbah Cair Dari Kegiatan Perikanan Di Pasar Kobong, Semarang Terhadap Chlorella SP.

Pasar Kobong merupakan salah satu tempat berdagang bagi masyarakat di kawasan Pengapon, Kecamatan Semarang Utara. Limbah cair dihasilkan dari kegiatan pencucian ikan dan air sisa perebusan ulang dari ikan pindang. Hal ini dapat berdampak pada penurunan kualitas air dengan adanya Perubahan kondisi fisika, kimia, dan biologi perairan tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik limbah cair dilihat dari parameter temperatur, pH, BOD5, dan COD, serta untuk mengetahui tingkat toksisitas limbah cair dari kegiatan perikanan di Pasar Kobong terhadap Chlorella sp. Metode yang digunakan adalah eksperimental laboratoris. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap. Pemberian perlakuan pada media uji terhadap Chlorella sp. dengan konsentrasi pengenceran air limbah 0%, 12,5%, 25%, 50%, dan 100%, kemudian dihitung nilai kepadatan akhirnya. Pengukuran parameter fisika dan kimia meliputi temperatur, pH, BOD5, dan COD. Kemudian melakukan analisis regresi korelasi dan one way anova. Hasil analisis regresi menunjukkan bahwa hubungan antara log konsentrasi limbah cair dengan Probit persentase penghambatan pertumbuhan Chlorella sp. memiliki nilai keeratan dengan nilai r = 0,8415. Hasil analisis anova menunjukkan konsentrasi limbah berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan Chlorella sp. dengan nilai signifikansi 0,000 (sig <0,05). Nilai konsentrasi penghambatan median (IC50) 96 jam adalah 22387,21% atau 223,88 kali dari media uji untuk menghambat pertumbuhan Chlorella sp. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa limbah cair yang dihasilkan di Pasar Kobong memiliki karakteristik suhu berkisar antara 27-28 ºC, pH 7-8, sedangkan nilai BOD5 dan COD berbahaya bagi lingkungan perairan karena telah melebihi ambang batas baku mutu yang telah ditetapkan, dengan nilai BOD5 70,66-1447,10 mg/l, dan COD 114,62-2296,30 mg/l. Berdasarkan uji toksisitas menunjukkan bahwa air limbah dari kegiatan perikanan di Pasar Kobong tidak menghambat pertumbuhan Chlorella sp. tapi bersifat sebagai perangsang pertumbuhan Chlorella sp. Pasar Kobong is one of fish market in the region Pengapon, North Semarang District. Liquid waste water generated from washing of fish and from boiled fish. Its can impact on the quality of the water by the changing conditions in physics, chemistry, and biology of the waters. The purposes of this study are to know waste water characteristics which is seen from the parameters of temperature, pH, BOD5, and COD, as well as to determine the toxicity of the effluent from the fisheries in the Pasar Kobong toward Chlorella sp. This study used laboratory experimental method. The experimental design used was completely randomized design. Treatment on the test medium toward Chlorella sp. with a concentration of waste water are 0%, 12,5%, 25%, 50%, and 100%, and the final density value will be calculated. Measurement of physical and chemical parameters include temperature, pH, BOD5, and COD. Then, data analyzed using regretion correlation and one way anova test. Regression analysis showed that the relationship between log concentration waste water by probit percentage inhibition of growth of Chlorella sp. have strong correlation with r value is 0.8415. The results of the ANOVA analysis showed effluent concentration effect on the growth of Chlorella sp. with a value of significant is 0,000 (sig<0,05). The median inhibitory concentration (IC50) 96 hours is 22387,21%, or 223,66 times of test media could inhibit the growth of Chlorella sp.. Based on the results of this study is concluded that the waste water produced in the Pasar Kobong has characteristics temperatures between 27-28 ºC, pH 7-8, wich BOD5 and COD are harmful for environment with value of BOD5 70.66 to 1447.10 mg/L, and COD from 114,62 to 2296,30 mg/L. Based on toxicity test showed that waste water from the fisheries in the Pasar Kobong is not inhibit the growth of Chlorella sp. but stimulating growth of Chlorella sp

A novel Multi-permittivity Cylindrical Dielectric Resonator Antenna for Wideband Applications

In this paper, a novel multi-permittivity cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna for wideband application is presented. The multi-permittivity cylinder is formed by combining two different permittivity material sectors in such a way that each sector (with constant permittivity) is 90 degree apart. A direct microstrip line coupling terminated with T-stub at the open end is used to excite the multi-permittivity cylindrical dielectric resonator. The angular position of the multi sector dielectric resonator with respect to the longitudinal axis of the microstrip line and length of the additional strip at the open end of the feeding circuit is key parameters for wideband operation of the antenna. By optimizing all parameters of the proposed antenna, wideband impedance bandwidth of 56% (12.1 GHz - 21.65 GHz) is achieved. The average gain of the antenna throughout the bandwidth is 5.9 dB with good radiation properties in both E-plane and H-plane. A well matched simulation and experimental results show that the antenna is suitable for wideband applications