Cho. Dharman's Sool novel from the point of view of social anthropology

As a result of the development of the human mind, there are many forms of literature that have emerged. These reflect the change in the development of language from time to time. The novel is one of these forms of reflection. All the anthropological aspects of people's lives are expressed in the novels. In order to learn about the people, there are more sociological elements of novel literature that record the folk life than the classical literature. On that basis, after Ki.Ra. & Poomani, the life philosophies of the people of karisal region, and the novel 'Sool', which records a great deal in terms of the devendrakula Vellalar race known as Pallar, examines and explains the sociocultural and anthropological aspects recorded in them

Inductive cum targeted yield model based Integrated fertilizer prescriptions for tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) under drip fertigation on an alfisol

Soil test crop response (STCR) correlation studies under Integrated Plant Nutrition System were conducted in the western agro-climatic zone of Tamil Nadu during 2020-2021 to devise the fertilizer prescription equations for tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)  under drip fertigation on an alfisol. The equations were derived by following Ramamoorthy’s Inductive cum targeted yield model. The nutrient requirement of N, P2O5 and K2O for producing one quintal of tomato fruit was found to be 0.22, 0.11, 0.27 kg respectively. The per cent contribution of nutrients were 37.93, 46.73 and 29.53 of N, P2O5 and K2O from soil (Cs) and 47.84, 31.12 and 74.13 of N, P2O5 and K2O from fertilizers (Cf) respectively. Two organic sources were applied viz., FYM (Farm Yard Manure) and Biocompost and the per cent contribution of nutrients from FYM were 38.36, 13.22 and 52.17 of N, P2O5 and K2O and from biocompost were 43.34, 10.90 and 57.00 of N, P2O5 and K2O respectively. Fertilizer adjustment equations were formulated for STCR-NPK alone, STCR-IPNS (FYM) and STCR-IPNS (Biocompost) by applying the basic parameters such as NR, Cs, Cf, Cfym, Cbiocompost. A ready reckoner of fertilizer doses for a set of soil test values at yield targets 80 and 90 t ha-1 was computed. The findings also showed that the adoption of STCR-IPNS could save more fertilizers

Sphenopalatine ganglion block for treatment of post dural puncture headache: Review article

Background: Post-Dural puncture headache (PDPH) is a consequence of spinal and epidural anesthesia. The gold standard for its treatment is epidural blood patch. Sphenopalatine ganglion block (SPGB) has been proposed as a non-invasive intervention with minimal adverse effect. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of sphenopalatine ganglion block for treatment of post-dural puncture headache. Methods: The databases were searched for articles published in English in 3 data bases [PubMed – Google scholar and Egyptian bank of knowledge] and Boolean operators had been used such as [Sphenopalatine ganglion block and post dural puncture headache] and in reviewed articles. Conclusion: SPGB is an effective initial modality for managing severe headache in patients with PDPH

Changes in the epiphytic lichen composition related with air quality in the city of Loja (Ecuador)

A pesar de que la contaminación del aire constituye uno de los principales problemas en la ciudad de Loja, actualmente no existe una estrategia para monitorear las emisiones de contaminantes. Los líquenes epífitos han sido ampliamente utilizados como bioindicadores de la contaminación atmosférica, debido a que obtienen la mayor parte de nutrientes del aire, lo que los hace muy sensibles a los cambios derivados de la contaminación. Se evaluó la calidad del aire en siete parques de la ciudad, donde se registró la presencia y cobertura de líquenes epífitos sobre árboles de Salix humboldtiana. Se determinaron los niveles de contaminación con el Índice de Pureza Atmosférica (IPA) y se establecieron diferencias en la composición de especies de los parques mediante análisis de escalamiento multidimensional no métrico (NMDS) y PERMANOVA. Nuestros resultados mostraron la existencia de una mayor calidad ambiental en las zonas norte y sur de la ciudad, mientras que se observa un patrón contrario para los parques ubicados en la zona central de la urbe, muy relacionados con un aumento de tráfico vehicular. Las comunidades de líquenes epífitos resultaron ser excelentes indicadores biológicos para detectar la contaminación del aire en la ciudad

Segundo Congreso Salesiano de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad

La segunda edición del Congreso Salesiano de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad, CITIS, realizado el 2 y 3 de diciembre de 2015 y organizado por la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana (sede Guayaquil), ofreció un espacio idóneo para la presentación, difusión e intercambio de importantes investigaciones (nacionales e internacionales) a los docentes investigadores y a la comunidad universitaria en general. Los trabajos recogidos en estas Memorias Académicas pertenecen a diferentes líneas de investigación del área de la Ingeniería: Telecomunicaciones, Automatización y Control, Procesos Industriales, Sistemas Eléctricos de Potencia, Telemática e Informática Aplicada, áreas de interés en esta segunda edición del CITIS. Cabe destacar que se evidencia la preocupación por la dimensión humana y social mediante el desarrollo responsable de la ciencia y la tecnología. La realización de este Congreso ha puesto en evidencia la importancia y pertinencia de la actividad investigativa que se genera en las universidades (en proyectos desarrollados por los docentes investigadores e, incluso, por los estudiantes de grado y posgrado), así como los altos niveles de compromiso académico y social

Global diversity and antimicrobial resistance of typhoid fever pathogens : insights from a meta-analysis of 13,000 Salmonella Typhi genomes

DATA AVAILABILITY : All data analysed during this study are publicly accessible. Raw Illumina sequence reads have been submitted to the European Nucleotide Archive (ENA), and individual sequence accession numbers are listed in Supplementary file 2. The full set of n=13,000 genome assemblies generated for this study are available for download from FigShare: https://doi.org/10.26180/21431883. All assemblies of suitable quality (n=12,849) are included as public data in the online platform Pathogenwatch (https://pathogen.watch). The data are organised into collections, which each comprise a neighbour-joining phylogeny annotated with metadata, genotype, AMR determinants, and a linked map. Each contributing study has its own collection, browsable at https://pathogen.watch/collections/all?organismId= 90370. In addition, we have provided three large collections, each representing roughly a third of the total dataset presented in this study: Typhi 4.3.1.1 (https://pathogen.watch/collection/ 2b7mp173dd57-clade-4311), Typhi lineage 4 (excluding 4.3.1.1) (https://pathogen.watch/collection/ wgn6bp1c8bh6-clade-4-excluding-4311), and Typhi lineages 0-3 (https://pathogen.watch/collection/ 9o4bpn0418n3-clades-0-1-2-and-3). In addition, users can browse the full set of Typhi genomes in Pathogenwatch and select subsets of interest (e.g. by country, genotype, and/or resistance) to generate a collection including neighbour-joining tree for interactive exploration.SUPPLEMENTARY FILES : Available at https://elifesciences.org/articles/85867/figures#content. SUPPLEMENTARY FILE 1. Details of local ethical approvals provided for studies that were unpublished at the time of contributing data to this consortium project. Most data are now published, and the citations for the original studies are provided here. National surveillance programs in Chile (Maes et al., 2022), Colombia (Guevara et al., 2021), France, New Zealand, and Nigeria (Ikhimiukor et al., 2022b) were exempt from local ethical approvals as these countries allow sharing of non-identifiable pathogen sequence data for surveillance purposes. The US CDC Internal Review Board confirmed their approval was not required for use in this project (#NCEZID-ARLT- 10/ 20/21-fa687). SUPPLEMENTARY FILE 2. Line list of 13,000 genomes included in the study. SUPPLEMENTARY FILE 3. Source information recorded for genomes included in the study. ^Indicates cases included in the definition of ‘assumed acute illness’. SUPPLEMENTARY FILE 4. Summary of genomes by country. SUPPLEMENTARY FILE 5. Genotype frequencies per region (N, %, 95% confidence interval; annual and aggregated, 2010–2020). SUPPLEMENTARY FILE 6. Genotype frequencies per country (N, %, 95% confidence interval; annual and aggregated, 2010–2020). SUPPLEMENTARY FILE 7. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) frequencies per region (N, %, 95% confidence interval; aggregated 2010–2020). SUPPLEMENTARY FILE 8. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) frequencies per country (N, %, 95% confidence interval; annual and aggregated, 2010–2020). SUPPLEMENTARY FILE 9. Laboratory code master list. Three letter laboratory codes assigned by the consortium.BACKGROUND : The Global Typhoid Genomics Consortium was established to bring together the typhoid research community to aggregate and analyse Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (Typhi) genomic data to inform public health action. This analysis, which marks 22 years since the publication of the first Typhi genome, represents the largest Typhi genome sequence collection to date (n=13,000). METHODS : This is a meta-analysis of global genotype and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants extracted from previously sequenced genome data and analysed using consistent methods implemented in open analysis platforms GenoTyphi and Pathogenwatch. RESULTS : Compared with previous global snapshots, the data highlight that genotype 4.3.1 (H58) has not spread beyond Asia and Eastern/Southern Africa; in other regions, distinct genotypes dominate and have independently evolved AMR. Data gaps remain in many parts of the world, and we show the potential of travel-associated sequences to provide informal ‘sentinel’ surveillance for such locations. The data indicate that ciprofloxacin non-susceptibility (>1 resistance determinant) is widespread across geographies and genotypes, with high-level ciprofloxacin resistance (≥3 determinants) reaching 20% prevalence in South Asia. Extensively drug-resistant (XDR) typhoid has become dominant in Pakistan (70% in 2020) but has not yet become established elsewhere. Ceftriaxone resistance has emerged in eight non-XDR genotypes, including a ciprofloxacin-resistant lineage (4.3.1.2.1) in India. Azithromycin resistance mutations were detected at low prevalence in South Asia, including in two common ciprofloxacin-resistant genotypes. CONCLUSIONS : The consortium’s aim is to encourage continued data sharing and collaboration to monitor the emergence and global spread of AMR Typhi, and to inform decision-making around the introduction of typhoid conjugate vaccines (TCVs) and other prevention and control strategies.Fellowships from the European Union (funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 845681), the Wellcome Trust (SB, Wellcome Trust Senior Fellowship), and the National Health and Medical Research Council.https://elifesciences.org/am2024Medical MicrobiologySDG-03:Good heatlh and well-bein

CAMBIOS EN LA COMPOSICIÓN DE LÍQUENES EPÍFITOS RELACIONADOS CON LA CALIDAD DEL AIRE EN LA CIUDAD DE LOJA (ECUADOR)

A pesar de que la contaminación del aire constituye uno de los principales problemas en la ciudad de Loja, actualmente no existe una estrategia para monitorear las emisiones de contaminantes. Los líquenes epífitos han sido ampliamente utilizados como bioindicadores de la contaminación atmosférica, debido a que obtienen la mayor parte de nutrientes del aire, lo que los hace muy sensibles a los cambios derivados de la contaminación. Se evaluó la calidad del aire en siete parques de la ciudad, donde se registró la presencia y la cobertura de líquenes epífitos sobre árboles de Salix humboldtiana. Se determinaron los niveles de contaminación con el Índice de Pureza Atmosférica (IPA) y se establecieron diferencias en la composición de especies de los parques mediante análisis de escalamiento multidimensional no métrico (NMDS) y PERMANOVA. Nuestros resultados mostraron la existencia de una mayor calidad ambiental en las zonas norte y sur de la ciudad, mientras que se observa un patrón contrario para los parques ubicados en la zona central de la urbe, muy relacionados con un aumento de tráfico vehicular. Las comunidades de líquenes epífitos resultaron ser excelentes indicadores biológicos para detectar la contaminación del aire en la ciudad