Inhibitory Activity of Silver Nanoparticles and Sodium Hypochlorite against Biofilm Produced by Salmonellae Isolated from Poultry Farms

Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella enteritidis are among the predominant Salmonella serotypes in the Egyptian poultry farms. Salmonella has the ability to build up biofilms on a variety of surfaces. The antibiofilm activities of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCL) on prevention and controlling of biofilm by Salmonella spp. was estimated. Silver nanoparticles exhibited bactericidal activity against both S. typhimurium and S. enteritidis with MIC value at 15 µg/ml, while, that of NaOCL was 1600 µg/ml. AgNPs (25 ug/ml) could inhibit biofilm formation at percentages of 84.96% and 78.85% against S. typhimurium and S. enteritidis, respectively. A percentage of 87 % biofilm removal by AgNPS after 3 h contact with the built-up biofilm produced by S. typhimurium and S. enteritidis was recorded. NaOCL (2200 µg/ml) exhibited inhibition percentages of biofilm formation at 83.89% and 75.76% against S. typhimurium and S. enteritidis, respectively. While, biofilm removal percentages after 2 h contact between NaOCL (2200 µg/ml) with the formed biofilm by S. typhimurium and S. enteritidis were 87.42% and 89.37%, respectively. It can be concluded that AgNPs and NaOCl were able to promote a significant reduction of biofilm formation by S. typhimurium and S. enteritidis. Also, AgNPs and NaOCl effectively oppress the mature biofilms formed and the antibiofilm efficiency increased with the increase of contact time with the biofilms

Silver Nanoparticles and Sodium Hypochlorite Inhibitory Effects on Biofilm Produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Poultry Farms

In Egypt, pseudomonas infection is one of the most important problems facing poultry production. Pseudomonas spp. is recognized as a major food spoiler and environmental contaminant. Biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa has an important role in the bacterial pathogenesis as well as persistence in the environment. The antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of AgNPs and NaOCL were evaluated against P. aeruginosa isolated from chicken farms. MIC and MBC of AgNPs against planktonic cells of P. aeruginosa were 15 and 20µg/ml, respectively. While those of NaOCL were 2200 and 2600 µg/ml, respectively. The highest inhibition percentages of biofilm formation (97.9%) was observed when P. aeruginosa treated with AgNPs (25µg/ml). While, 87.5% biofilm removal percentage was achieved after treating the established biofilm with 25 µg/ml AgNPs for 2.5 h. Moreover, NaOCL (2800 µg/ml) was able to cause 96.6% inhibition of biofilm formation and 90.3% biofilm removal after 1.5 h contact. The current study revealed that AgNPs and NaOCL were able to promote a significant reduction and removal of the mature biofilms formed by P. aeruginosa and the antibiofilm efficiency increased with the increase of its contact times with the biofilms

WITHDRAWN: Influence of different single crystal substrates on the structure, optical properties and dielectric results of Y0.225Sr0.775CoO3 thin films prepared by Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) method

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دراسات على أسمنت التربة: ا - دور الجير المتأدرت والدولوميت أحادى التأدرت في استقرار طفلة المونتموريللونيت

Montmorillonite clay was stabilized by either hydrated lime or the dolomitic monohydrate (Ca(OH)2. MgO) during suspension hydration at 25 and 60°C for 45 days. The distinct phases produced from the hydration of each stabilized clay suspension were identified by means of X-ray diffraction analysis. The role of either Ca(OH)2 and/or MgO in soil stabilization could be clearly understood in order to extend the use of portland cement for the stabilization of montmorillonite to produce soil cements.أجريت دراسة استقرار طفلة المونتموريللونيت أما باضافة الجير المتأدرت ( هيدروكسيد الكالسيوم ) أو باضافة الدولوميت أحادى التأدرت ( أكسيد المغنسيوم مع هيدروكسيد الكالسيوم ) وذلك باجراء تفاعل الأماهة في صورة عالق لمدة ٤٥ ‏يوما عند درجات الحرارة ٣٩ ‏، ٦٠ ‏م . ولقد أمكن التعرف على نواتج الأماهة التي تم الحصول عليها بواسطة تحليل حيود الأشعة السينية . ولقد تم تفهم دور هيدروكسيد الكالسيوم - في وجود وغياب أكسيد المغنيسيوم _ في استقرار التربة وذلك تمهيدا لاستخدام الإسمنت البورتلاندي في استقرار طفلة المونتموريللونيت لإنتاج أسمنت التربة

دراسات على أسكلمنت التربة: 2 - الخواص الفيزيقوكيميائية لعجائن أسمنت التربة 1لمتصلدة

Various hardened soil-cement pastes were prepared from dry mixtures of montmorillonite clay and portland cement clinker by using different W/C ratios of 0.20, 40, 0.60 and 0.80 and cured in air for various ages. Compressive strength tests were done on the hardened fresh pastes, while the nitrogen adsorption studies were carried out on the D-dried specimens. The variations in compressive strength could be related to the physicochemical properties and the pore structure of the hardened pastes. The optimum W/C ratio suitable for any given soil-cement mixture was regarded as the ratio which yields a hardened paste showing no regression in compressive strength at the various curing ages.تم تحضير عديد من عجائن أسمنت التربة المتصلدة من مخاليط طفلة المونتموريللونيت مع كلنكر الأسمنت البورتلاندي وذلك باستخدام نسب وزنية مختلفة من الماء للإسمنت تصل إلى 0.20 ، 0.40 ، 0.60 ، 0.80 ومعالجتهما في الهواء لأعمار مختلفة . أجريت اختبارات قوة تحمل الضغط الميكانيكي على العجائن المتصلة الطازجة ، بينما أجريت دراسات امتزاز غاز النيتروجين على العينات المجففة . ولقد أمكن ربط التغيرات في قوة تحمل الضغط الميكانيكي بالخواص الفيزيقوكيمائية والتركيب المسامى للعجائن المتصلدة . ولقد تم تحديد النسبة المثلى المناسبة لخلط الماء بالإسمنت لكل مخلوط من أسمنت التربة وذلك بأنها النسبة التي تؤدي إلى عدم هبوط قيم تحمل الضغط الميكانيكي عند أعمار المعالجة المختلفة

حسابات ثوابت الاستقرار لمتراكبات اللنثانيدات مع الآزو- بيتا- داي كيتونات

The stability constants of the complexes between the trivalent lanthanide series of cations and series of azo-B-diketone ligands are reported. The measurements were conducted at 30°C and zero ionic strength (free KN03), in 100 % methanol. The relation between the overall stability constant (Log B;) and atomic number of lanthanide elements, shows a gadolinium-break. The relation between (Log Bz) and the basicity of the studied ligands ( 2 pKi + pKz) are, also discussed. The overall stability values obtained reflected a great affinity of the organic ligands for chelation with lanthanide ions.‏‏ قد ورث ثوابت الاستقرار لمتراكبات كاتيونات اللنثانيدات الثلاثية مع بعض ليجاندات الآزو - بيتا - داي كيتون . واجريت القياسات عند ٣٠ ‏م وعند تركيز ايوني مقداره صفر باستخدام ١٠٠٠ ‏% ميثانول . وقد اظهرت العلاقة بين محصلة ثابت الاستقرار ‏ (loj B2) وبين الاعداد الذرية للنثانيدات منطقة منظمة عند الجاد ولينيوم . كما نوقشت العلاقة بين (loj B2) وقاعديه الليجاندات المدروسة وشرحت قيم ثوابت الاتزان . وقد اظهرت الدراسة من خلال حساب قيم ثوابت الاستقرار القابلية الكبيرة لليجاندات المستخدمة لتكوين متراكبات مع ايونات اللنثانيدات

Efficacy and safety of oral paracetamol versus oral ibuprofen for closure of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants: a randomized controlled trial

<p><b>Objective:</b> The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral paracetamol versus oral ibuprofen in the treatment of hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (hsPDA) in preterm infants.</p> <p><b>Study design:</b> An interventional randomized case–control study, registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03265782), was conducted on 60 preterm infants with gestational age ≤34 weeks, postnatal age of 2–7 d and color Doppler echocardiographic evidence of hsPDA. Neonates were randomly assigned to two groups: 30 received oral ibuprofen and 30 received oral paracetamol. With failure of ductal closure, a second course of ibuprofen or paracetamol was given. The included newborns were subjected to detailed history, clinical examination, laboratory investigations that included complete blood count, renal, and liver function tests and echocardiographic evaluation.</p> <p><b>Results:</b> Oral paracetamol was as effective as ibuprofen for the closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) with one course of treatment (<i>p</i> > .05). Moreover, oral paracetamol was superior to ibuprofen among neonates who needed second course of treatment with significant decrease in end diastolic flow velocity in the left pulmonary artery (0.35 ± 0.09 versus 0.19 ± 0.06, <i>p</i> = .014), right ventricular systolic pressure (40.50 ± 12.91 versus 20.50 ± 0.58, <i>p</i> = .016) and left atrium to aortic root ratio (1.23 ± 0.14 versus 1.07 ± 0.04, <i>p</i> = .046) when compared to ibuprofen group. Furthermore, the mean difference between pre- and post-treatment PDA size was significantly higher in the paracetamol group compared with ibuprofen group after the second course of treatment (1.07 ± 0.32 versus 0.73 ± 0.38, <i>p</i> = .024). Oral paracetamol was comparable with ibuprofen in terms of the rate of non-surgical ductal closure [28 (93.3%) versus 24 (80%), <i>p</i> = .591]. In addition, oral paracetamol was as safe as oral ibuprofen in terms of gastrointestinal perforation or bleeding, necrotizing enterocolitis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, intraventricular hemorrhage, thrombocytopenia, hepatic or renal dysfunction.</p> <p><b>Conclusions:</b> Oral paracetamol is an effective and well-tolerated first-line drug treatment for PDA in premature infants.</p