Assessment of groundwater quality and evaluation of scaling and corrosiveness potential of drinking water samples in villages of Chabahr city, Sistan and Baluchistan province in Iran

The aims of this study were to assess and analysis of drinking water quality of Chabahar villages in Sistan and Baluchistan province by water quality index (WQI) and to investigate the water stability in subjected area. The results illustrated that the average values of LSI, RSI, PSI, LS, and AI was 0.5 (±0.34), 6.76 (±0.6), 6.50 (±0.99), 2.71 (±1.59), and 12.63 (±0.34), respectively. The calculation of WQI for groundwater samples indicated that 25 of the samples could be considered as excellent water, 50 of the samples were classified as good water category and 25 of the samples showed poor water category. © 2017 The Author

A periodic mixed linear state-space model to monthly long-term temperature data

In recent decades, the world has been confronted with the consequences of global warming; however, this phenomenon is not reflected equally in every part of the globe. Thus, the warming phenomenon must be monitored in a more regional or local scale. This paper analyzes monthly long-term time series of air temperatures in three Portuguese cities: Lisbon, Oporto and Coimbra. We propose a periodic state space framework, associated with a suitable version of the Kalman filter; which allows for the estimation of monthly warming rates taking into account the seasonal behavior and serial correlation. Results about the monthly mean of the daily mid-range temperature time series show that there are different monthly warming rates. The greatest annual mean rise was found in Oporto with 2.17◦C whereas, in Lisbon and Coimbra, it was respectively, 0.62ºC and 0.55ºC, per century.publishe

Behavior of FRP-confined normal- and high-strength concrete under cyclic axial compression

An important application of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites is as a confining material for concrete, both in the seismic retrofit of existing reinforced concrete columns and in the construction of concrete-filled FRP tubes as earthquake-resistant columns in new construction. The reliable design of these structural members against earthquake-induced forces necessitates a clear understanding of the stress-strain behavior of FRP-confined concrete under load cycles. This paper presents the results of an experimental study on the behavior of FRP-confined normal- and high-strength concrete under axial compression. A total of 24 aramid and carbon FRP-confined concrete cylinders with different concrete strengths and FRP jacket thicknesses were tested under monotonic and cyclic loading. Examination of the test results has led to a number of significant conclusions in regards to both the trend and ultimate condition of the axial stress-strain behavior of FRP-confined concrete. These results are presented, and a discussion is provided on the influence of the main test parameters in the observed behaviors. The results are also compared with two existing cyclic axial stress-strain models for FRP-confined concrete. © 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers.Togay Ozbakkaloglu and Emre Aki

Estimation of the groundwater quality index and investigation of the affecting factors their changes in Shiraz drinking groundwater, Iran

This study aimed to determine the groundwater quality index (WQI) and investigate the anthropogenic factors causing changes in this index in Shiraz plain. This research studied the quality of groundwater of 35 wells for five years. Groundwater samples were analyzed for pH, TDS, TH, HCO3�1, Cl�1, F�1, SO4�2, Ca+2, Mg+2, No3-1, and Na+1 and a microbial parameter was analyzed to compute the water quality index (WQI). Factors Affecting was evaluated using field studies, Google Earth, and multivariate statistical analysis and piper diagram. The computed WQI values ranged from 40.01 to 117.38. Overall, 5.7 of groundwater sites sampled had excellent water quality, while 65.7 were good. 28.6 of the samples indicated poor water quality. The zoning results showed that the water quality index (WQI) was worsening from northwest to southeast and from northeast to southeast. The correlation between water quality index WQI and changes in industrial land use and between water quality index (WQI) and changes in the unused lands were 0.46, and 0.35, respectively. Principal component analysis (PCA) on the chemical parameters revealed two factors that account for about 77.44 of the total variance in groundwater quality data set; the first factor (with high Eigen values) indicates that variation in water quality is due to natural origin. According to the results of hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), there are three quality groups in groundwater of the research area: the first group of 8 wells, the second group of 11 wells, and the third group of 16 wells. In this context, the Piper diagram also indicates groundwater facies of the study area were Ca2+ - Mg2+ HCO3�; this is also due to water interaction, the limestone of a karst aquifer. The groundwater hydro-chemical in the study area is the majority of human activity, but it is influenced to some degree by the natural process. © 202

Assessing fluoride and nitrate contaminants in drinking water resources and their health risk assessment in a Semiarid region of Southwest Iran

Spatial and temporal variability of fluoride and nitrate in groundwater resources of rural area of Saravan county, Iran were analyzed 2013�2017 using GIS (V10.3). The results were used for human health risk assessment, using probabilistic techniques. The annual mean concentration of fluoride during 2013 to 2017 in villages of Saravan county was 0.42, 0.62, 0.67, 0.57, and 0.55 mg L �1 , and the maximum values were 1.1, 1.42, 1.76, 1.46, and 1.3 mg L �1 , respectively. Also, the annual mean concentration of nitrate during 2013 to 2017 in Saravan county villages were 12.53, 14.1, 15.43, 14.34, and 14.02, and the maximum values were 66.1, 80, 35.6, 76.12, and 40 mg L �1 , respectively. Spatial, temporal, and spatiotemporal variability of fluoride and nitrate in groundwater resources were relatively not constant over the years. The calculated HQ value of fluoride was for groups of infant (0.013�0.235), children (0.035�1.83), teenagers (0.067�1.1), and adults (0.053�0.94). The maximum HQ value was >1 for children and teenagers during the study period. Meanwhile, the HQ values of nitrate were (0.005�0.4) for infants, (0.035�2.69) children, (0.025�2) teenagers, and (0.02�1.6) for adults. Hence, the maximum HQ value was >1 for children, teenagers, and adult during the study period. This study showed that children, teenagers, and adult are vulnerable groups at risk of non-carcinogenic hazards for being exposed to drinking water with high fluoride and nitrate concentration. © 2019 Desalination Publications. All rights reserved

Estimation of the groundwater quality index and investigation of the affecting factors their changes in Shiraz drinking groundwater, Iran

This study aimed to determine the groundwater quality index (WQI) and investigate the anthropogenic factors causing changes in this index in Shiraz plain. This research studied the quality of groundwater of 35 wells for five years. Groundwater samples were analyzed for pH, TDS, TH, HCO3�1, Cl�1, F�1, SO4�2, Ca+2, Mg+2, No3-1, and Na+1 and a microbial parameter was analyzed to compute the water quality index (WQI). Factors Affecting was evaluated using field studies, Google Earth, and multivariate statistical analysis and piper diagram. The computed WQI values ranged from 40.01 to 117.38. Overall, 5.7 of groundwater sites sampled had excellent water quality, while 65.7 were good. 28.6 of the samples indicated poor water quality. The zoning results showed that the water quality index (WQI) was worsening from northwest to southeast and from northeast to southeast. The correlation between water quality index WQI and changes in industrial land use and between water quality index (WQI) and changes in the unused lands were 0.46, and 0.35, respectively. Principal component analysis (PCA) on the chemical parameters revealed two factors that account for about 77.44 of the total variance in groundwater quality data set; the first factor (with high Eigen values) indicates that variation in water quality is due to natural origin. According to the results of hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), there are three quality groups in groundwater of the research area: the first group of 8 wells, the second group of 11 wells, and the third group of 16 wells. In this context, the Piper diagram also indicates groundwater facies of the study area were Ca2+ - Mg2+ HCO3�; this is also due to water interaction, the limestone of a karst aquifer. The groundwater hydro-chemical in the study area is the majority of human activity, but it is influenced to some degree by the natural process. © 202