Питання якості фуражних кормів за промислового виробництва молока в умовах півдня України

The purpose of the article is to determine the average quality of traditional forage (maize silage and alfalfa haylage) and innovative dietary components – rye silage on the example of average milk production farms in Odesa Oblast with moderate and intensive levels of technological process and to determine the impact of the risky land use zone in the South of Ukraine against the background of global warming on the quality of these dietary ingredients in order to determine further directions of forage production in the southern region of Ukraine. Scientific and economic experiments were conducted in Odesa Oblast according to the methods generally accepted in dairy farming, and laboratory studies of corn silage, alfalfa haylage, rye silage samples in a specialized laboratory for forage research using the NIRS technique were used to assess the quality of forages. NIRS has been successfully used in the prediction of nutritional value through direct scanning of forage samples. The analysis of corn silage shows that the basic indicators of its quality, such as dry matter content, metabolizable energy concentration, pH, level of digestibility of organic matter as a percentage of total dry matter, and starch content are below the existing standards, because due to hot weather conditions, silage is often forced to be harvested during the suboptimal phase of its maturity. An assessment of the mineral composition of corn, rye and alfalfa silage shows that the indicators are typical, taking into account the specifics of each crop in the southern region of Ukraine, so the existing deficit of manganese, cobalt, zinc and copper can be covered with the use of specialized premixes. Due to the difficulties of agrotechnical cultivation of corn silage and alfalfa haylage, which has recently developed in the risky land use zone of southern Ukraine and against the background of global warming, fodder crops have to be grown in more favorable (wet) seasons of the year, such as winter rye or triticale, etc. or their combination with corn silage and alfalfa haylage.Мета роботи – визначення середньостатистичної якості традиційних фуражних кормів (кукурудзяного силосу і люцернового сінажу) та інноваційних складових раціону – житнього силосу на прикладі пересічних господарств з виробництва молока Одеської області з помірним та інтенсивним рівнями технологічного процесу та визначення впливу зони ризикованого землекористування півдня України на фоні глобального потепління на якість цих інгредієнтів раціону з метою подальшого визначення напрямів кормовиробництва у південному регіоні України. Науково-господарські досліди проведено в умовах Одеської області за загальноприйнятими у молочному тваринництві методиками, а лабораторні дослідження зразків кукурудзяного силосу, люцернового сінажу, житнього силосу в умовах спеціалізованої лабораторії з дослідження кормів з використанням методики інфрачервоної спектроскопії (NIRS) була використана для оцінки якості кормів, оскільки NIRS успішно використовується для прогнозування поживної цінності шляхом прямого сканування зразків кормів. Проведений аналіз кукурудзяного силосу засвідчує, що базові показники його якості на вміст сухої речовини, концентрація обмінної енергії, рівень рН, рівень перетравності органічної речовини від загального складу сухої речовини, вміст крохмалю знаходяться нижче існуючих нормативних показників, тому що через спекотні погодні умови силос часто вимушено починають збирати під час неоптимальної фази його зрілості. Оцінка мінерального складу кукурудзяного, житнього силосів і люцернового сінажу засвідчує типовість показників з урахуванням специфічності кожної культури для південного регіону України, тому існуючий дефіцит марганцю, кобальту, цинку і міді цілком можна покрити за рахунок використання спеціалізованих преміксів. У зв’язку зі складнощами агротехнічного вирощування кукурудзи на силос та люцернового сінажу, що складається останнім часом в зоні ризикованого землекористування півдня України та на фоні глобального потепління, виникає необхідність переходу до кормових культур, що вирощуються у більш сприятливі (зволожені) сезони року на кшталт озимого жита або тритикале, тощо або їх комбінації з кукурудзяним силосом та люцерновим сінажем

Changes in Panicum maximum Jacq. (Mombasa cv) Canopy Cover and its Relation to Forage Productivity under Leucaena Leucocephala Alley Cropping and NPK Fertilization in an Arid Agroforestry Systems in Saudi Arabia

There is an increasing need for intercropping practices in drylands to increase land-use efficiency. Canopy cover is a great tool for assessing agricultural yield, as it is an indicator of plant health and productivity. The smartphone-based application Canopeo was used to measure the canopy cover (CC) of Panicum maximum Jacq. (Mombasa cv) under mixed intercropping with Leucaena and four (4) fertilization levels (control, 200 kg, 300 kg, and 400 kg of NPK). The forage yield and CC were measured for six (6) consecutive cuttings. Forage quality (N, P, K, and protein levels) was also analyzed. The results revealed a highly positive correlation between the CC and crop yield and quality. In addition, the application of fertilizers produced higher CC, which was associated with higher yield and forage quality. The relatively low correlation between CC and yield in intercropping may be due to the high competition of the Leucaena tree.  However, the entire intercropping system was positive (with an LER of 2.7), indicating better land-use efficiency. The results indicate that intercropping in drylands would result in better land use. The application of NPK fertilizers increases crop CC, resulting in higher forage yield and quality.&nbsp

Sustainable fodder production and optimization of cow feeding rations in the ar-id climate of southern Ukraine

In the south of Ukraine, which traditionally belongs to the zone of risky land use due to frequent droughts and the last 10–15 years of steadily progressing global warming, the production of rye silage as a basic feed ingredient is gaining the status of an excellent insurance fund, which is essential in the region's feed production, as it will help to remedy the situation with the shortage of juicy fodder. Optimisation of dairy cow feeding rations during lactation in southern Ukraine involves the use of traditional dietary ingredients (corn silage, alfalfa haylage) and innovative ones (rye silage, wet beer pellets), which is mainly due to climate change in recent years. The research used commonly available methods: zootechnical (setting up experiments, developing feed rations, assessing dairy cattle productivity, milk quality, reproduction rates); biological (morphological and biochemical composition of blood); statistical (biometric processing of data) and economic analysis of the research. Thus, in terms of actual milk yield, amount of milk fat and milk protein for 305 days of lactation, cows of all experimental groups outperformed analogues of the control group (milk yield for 305 days of lactation was 7898.0 l; amount of milk fat and protein – 278.7 and 245.1 kg, respectively) by 1.2–3.3 %, by the amount of milk fat – by 5.1–16.9 % and by the amount of milk protein – by 3.4–10.9 % for 305 days of lactation. It was found that the diets of dairy cows of the experimental groups, which included rye silage in different amounts and wet beer pellets, had a positive effect on reducing the duration of the service period, and hence the duration of the intercalation period by 5.5–27.0 days in animals of the I–IV experimental groups compared to cows of the control group. There was a tendency to increase the content of carotene in the blood serum of animals of the II experimental group by 39.5 %, as well as a significant difference of 72.7 % (P < 0.05) and 81,3% (P < 0.01), respectively, in cows of the III and IV experimental groups compared to the same indicator of the control group, which was 209.6 μg/100 ml

Seed priming improved germination, seedling quality and response to imposed drought stress in Vachellia tortilis subsp. spirocarpa (Hochst. Ex A. Rich.)

Successful afforestation in arid lands requires rapid, uniform seed germination and good quality seedlings. Seed priming is a pre-treatment of seeds to improve germination and produce seedlings that withstand changing environmental conditions. Therefore, the present study aimed to test the effects of seed priming on Vachellia tortilis seed germination, nursery seedlings quality and the response of produced seedlings to imposed drought stress. Seed samples of V. tortilis were primed in three concentrations of osmo-priming solutions (polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000)) and three concentrations of hormonal priming solutions (Gibberellic acid (GA3)). Then, the effects were monitored during seed germination, nursery seedling development, and in the greenhouse under three successive cycles of drying and rewatering treatments. During germination, seed priming resulted in a higher total germination percentage (TGP), accelerated uniform germination (higher germination index (GI) and lower mean germination time (MGT)), and increased seedling vigour index (SVI). The recorded improvement in germination was associated with stimulation of antioxidant enzymes (peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO)) and hydrolytic enzymes (Polygalacturonase (PG) and α-amylase) activities in primed germinated seeds. While in the nursery, priming significantly improved the quality traits of seedlings, including root collar diameter, shoot-to-root ratio, sturdiness quotient, and Dickson’s quality index. GA3-300ppm, GA3-200ppm, and PEG-10% treatments resulted in increases in total dry weight of 160%, 121%, and 64%, respectively. The high-quality seedlings produced resulted in better growth and survival under imposed drought stress in the greenhouse. The findings concluded that seed priming is crucial for enhancing the germination and quality of V. tortilis seedlings.                     

Uses and Conservation Status of Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del. (Hegleig Tree) in Sudan: Local People Perspective

Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the current and potential values and identify main threatening factors of Balanites aegyptiaca in Sudan. Three areas were selected for data collection (Umm Abdalla, Boat and Id Elfrissan). Group discussion was carried out to tap local community knowledge about the species uses, potentials and threatening factors. Then structured interview was used to verify and check the information generated in group discussion. A total of 120 respondents from the three areas were interviewed. Results showed that Hegleig tree is very important multi-purpose tree for livelihood of local communities in many areas of the Sudan. The gene pool of the species was severely affected by many deteriorating factors like lopping of branches, grazing, mechanized farming and gap in transfer of indigenous knowledge. These factors were combined with removal of associated trees and retaining Balanites which made it vulnerable. Protection, in situ conservation stands and conservation in use is the most suitable measures for this species in Sudan

Does Arid Land Agroforestry Contribute to Achieving the Saudi Green Initiative Goals? A Review

Aims: Most of the land area of Saudi Arabia is either arid or hyper-arid. In the past decades, many efforts have been exerted to increase the green cover in Saudi Arabia, the most recent of which is the Saudi Green Initiative (S.G.I.), launched in 2021. S.G.I.’s main objectives are to increase the green land surface area and decrease carbon emissions. In this paper, the role of dryland agroforestry in mitigating the effects of climate change was reviewed, and its contribution to fulfilling S.G.I. was discussed. Methodology: Previously published literature, scholarly research articles, and conference proceeding papers, on agroforestry systems (A.F.S), carbon sequestration and nutrient dynamics under A.F.S over the past 34 years were critically reviewed, examined, and analysed to find various applications of AFS for climate change mitigation and carbon sinks with focus on arid land. Results: Forests are a vital source for climate change mitigation and adaptation and play a vital role as carbon sinks. A.F.S, eco-friendly and environmentally viable land use and management, provide immense potential to sequester carbon (C). A.F.S. is a reliable tool for increasing C sequestration. As a result of the worth granted to non-timber products, the application of A.F.S. could likewise reduce C emissions to the air by reducing the odds of concrete cutting of trees. Moreover, tree components are a source of C for the soil by means of root and leave decomposition. Conclusion: In the perspective of the high threat facing humanity paused the climate variability and climate change, many nations and countries have taken various measures to tackle it which included protecting natural forests, afforestation, managed the natural regeneration of green cover. A.F.S leads to better land-use efficiency, increases the green cover, and thus helps in mitigating climate change

INTERSPECIFIC INTERACTIONS AND PRODUCTIVITY OF LEUCAENA LEICOCEPHALA AND CLITORIA TERNATEA UNDER ARID LAND MIXED CROPPING

ABSTRACT Leucaena leicocephala -Clitoria ternatea intercropping under arid dry saline soils was carried out during the period 2010-2012. The aim was to test the effect of tree/ crop productivity and interactions. Crop parameters measured were; relative growth rate (RGR), forage yield, quality and stomatal conductance (gs). Where tree parameters are; height and diameter growth and increase per month. In addition to tree and crop leaf area index (LAI) and soil chemical properties. The study showed that intercropping resulted in reduced crop forage yield and RGR, compared to sole crop. While, protein and most of the minerals were higher and fiber was lower in intercropped forage. Tree growth was remarkably higher under intercropping compared to sole crop. Strong relationship between LAI with tree and crop productivity was observed. Higher values of LAI were associated with higher crop and tree growth. Crop g s was significantly higher in sole crop compared to intercrop, whereas lower g s values were observed in mixed plots with higher tree LAI. Soil organic matter was higher in mixed cropped plots associated with lower soil EC and Na and Higher N, K, Ca and Mg. The study concluded that the presence of Clitoria had beneficial effects on tree growth, where the trees had negative effects on crop forage productivity and RGR