Preparation of effective green sorbents using O. Princeps alga biomass with different composition of amine groups: Comparison to adsorption performances for removal of a model acid dye

In the present study, various green biosorbents based on Oscillatoria princeps biomass were developed for removal of dyes from wastewaters. For this, alga biomass was modified with three different amine containing ligands [i.e., tetraethylene tetramine (TETA), para-amino benzamidine (PAB) and polydopamine (PDA)]. These modified algal biomasses were used for removal of Reactive Red 120 dye (RR-120). The prepared biosorbents were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, zeta seizer, and contact angles studies. The zeta potential values of the TETA, PAB and PDA modified biosorbents were varied from 42.3 to −18.4 mV, 36.7 to −14.8 mV and 30.7 to −12.6 mV, in the pH range of 2.0–11.0, respectively. Batch experiments were performed to determine the effect of operational parameters on the biosorption of RR-120 dye on the biosorbents (i.e., pH: 2.0–8.0, biosorbent dose: 0.1–1.0 g/L, initial dye concentration: 25–500 mg/L, temperature: 15–35 °C, and contact time: 0–120 min). The biosorption capacities of the native, TETA, PAB, and PDA modified algal biomasses for RR-120 dye were found to be 148.7, 687.1, 451.8, and 260.3 mg/g, respectively, at pH 3.0, at 25 °C in 120 min. These results showed that the biosorption of the RR-120 dye on the algal biomass preparations was achieved by hydrogen bonding, ion-exchange, electrostatic, and π-π interactions. The biosorption process of the RR-120 by algal biomasses was well described by the Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The adsorption enthalpies for the biosorption of dye on the biomass preparations had been found to be between 21.5 and 90.3 kJ/mol. Furthermore, the modified algal biomasses displayed good regeneration capabilities, and the modification of the algal biomass with different ligands remarkably increased the RR-120 dye biosorption performances compared to native algal biomass. © 202

Creating global brands and implementations in Turkey

Küreselleşme firmalar için artık kavşak noktasıdır ve bu artık büyük bir rekabete girilmiştir. Yeni marka kurallarının yer aldığı sınır ötesi bir alana girildiğinden dolayı bu savaşta agresif aksiyon alınmalıdır. Küresel marka konusunda tekrar düşünmenin vaktidir. Artık global stratejiler pazarı yönetirken, firmalar, yeni dünya kurallarının dışında kalınamayacağının farkındadırlar. 41 ülkeden 3300 tüketicinin katılımıyla gerçekleştirilen bir araştırmada araştırmacılar, pek çok kişinin bir markayı küresel kalitesinden dolayı diğerlerine tercih ettiği gerçeğini ortaya koydular. Markalarının küresel özellikleri yerine firmalar, bu özelliklerinin nasıl yönetileceğine odaklanmalıdırlar. Gelecekteki bir gelişimin dış pazarlardan markaya yansıyacağı hatırda tutulmalıdır. Dış pazara açılan firma, o ülkenin kültürünü, politik ve yasal faktörlerini dikkate almalıdır. Küresel bir marka firmasına daha iyi bir imaj, daha iyi satış rakamları ve güç sağlar. Küresel marka olmak, hem iç unsurları hem de dış çevre faktörlerini çok iyi yönetebilmek demektir. Küreselleşmenin hız kazandığı günümüz dünyasında bu faktörler daha kompleks bir yapı kazanmış ve çeşitlenmiştir. Bu çalışmada firmalara bir yol göstermesi bakımından küresel olma yolunda atılması gereken adımlar irdelenmiştir. ANAHTAR KELİMELER: 1) Uluslararasılaşma, 2) Küreselleşme, 3) Marka, 4) Küresel Marka, 5) Turquality Projesi. Globalization is at a crossroads, and businesses are now entering into a major war. We must take some very aggressive action because at this very second, we have already entered a new frontline where there are brand-new rules. It's time to rethink global branding. Such "global" strategies now rule marketing. Nowadays firms know that is not possible to isolate themselves out of new-worldwide-rules. In a research project involving 3,300 consumers in 41 countries, the researchers found that most people choose one brand over another because of differences in the brands' global qualities. Rather than global characteristics of their brands, it's critical for firms to manage those characteristics, because future growth for most companies will likely come from foreign markets. International firms must take into consideration the host country's culture with politic and legal factors. A worldwide brand enables to its firm a better image, more sales figures and force. Being a global brand means that managing well both internal and external factors at the same time. In our rapidly-going-global-world, these factors have gained more complexity and variety. In this study, aiming at indicating the firms the steps be taken in global-brand-road have been analyzed. KEY WORDS: 1) Internationalization, 2) Globalization, 3) Brand, 4) Global Brand, 5) Turquality Project

The effect of internet addiction and smartphone addiction on sleep quality among Turkish adolescents

Background: Sleep quality plays a principal role in the protection of health. There is an increasing number of studies in the literature demonstrating that internet addiction and smartphone addiction impair sleep quality. However, the number of studies on Turkish adolescents is very limited. Therefore, this study examined the effects of internet addiction and smartphone addiction on sleep quality among Methods: Participants in this cross-sectional study were 910 adolescents aged 13-18 years. Data were collected with the Short Internet Addiction Test, Smartphone Addiction Scale, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. In addition, a questionnaire was used to gather information about the demographic, socioeconomic, and health-related characteristics. Pearson's Chi-square test, Chi-square test for trend, Mann-Whitney U test, logistic regression analysis, and Spearman's correlation analysis were used in the analysis. Results: The sleep quality of 58.7% of the adolescents was poor. Additionally, girls and adolescents >_16 years old had poor sleep quality. Sleep quality deteriorated as perceived health status and perceived economic status of family deteriorated. Compared to participants with normal internet addiction scores, poor sleep quality was 1.83 (95% CI [1.22-2.74]) times higher in those with problematic internet addiction and 1.99 (95% CI [1.23-3.87]) times higher in those with pathological internet addiction. One point increase in Smartphone Addiction Scale total score increased poor sleep quality 1.01 (95% CI [1.00-1.02]) times. Sleep quality scale were positively correlated with the smartphone addiction and internet addiction. However, there was no positive correlation between habitual sleep efficiency subcomponent of sleep quality and smartphone addiction and internet addiction. Conclusions: Internet addiction and smartphone addiction were associated with poor sleep quality in adolescents. Older adolescents (>_16 years), gender (female), poor health perception, and perception of moderate economic status of the family were other factors associated with poor sleep quality

Son kullanma tarihi geçmiş ve iade edilmiş çeşitli gıdaların biyoetanol üretiminde değerlendirilmesi

In this study, various foods (ketchup, mayonnaise, chocolate, soup, etc.) that have expired and were collected from the shelves were used for bioetanol production as a mixture and also as single components selected from the mixture in the form of solid chocolate and liquid chocolate. Submerged culture fermentation and solid state fermentation methods have been used by using Saccharomycess cerevisiae and Zymomonas mobilis NRRL B-14023 organisms, and the incubation time, inoculation rate, pH and initial moisture content parameters have been optimized. The productivity of bioethanol production was determined as 0.16 g/l/h for the productions performed by using expired food mixture. Within the scope of this study, optimum conditions for bioethanol production by using liquid chocolate and solid chocolate were also determined and yield and productivities were compared. It was concluded that the highest bioethanol production was optained with liquid chocolate where incubation time was 3 days, the inoculation rate was 10% (w/w) and pH was 5,00-5.50 in submerged culture. The productions of bioethanol using liquid chocolate at optimum conditions, resulted in 34.2 g/l ethanol with a yield of YP/S =0.48 which is 98 % of the theoretical yield.Bu çalışmada, son kullanma tarihi geçmiş ve raflardan toplanılmış çeşitli gıdalar (ketçap, mayonez, çikolata, çorba vb.) karışım halinde ve ayrıca karışımdan seçilen komponentlerden olan katı çikolata ve sıvı çikolata biyoetanol üretiminde hammadde olarak kullanılmıştır. Saccharomycess cerevisiae ve Zymomonas mobilis NRRL B-14023 organizmaları kullanılarak derin kültür fermantasyonu ve katı kültür fermantasyonu yöntemi ile üretimler yapılmış inkübasyon süresi, inokülasyon oranı, pH ve başlangıç nem oranı parametreleri optimize edilmiştir. Gıda karışımı ile yapılan üretimlerde biyoteanol üretim verimliliği 0,16 g/l/s olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında sıvı çikolata ile yapılan üretimin optimum koşullarının belirlenmesi, verim/verimlilik değerleri karşılaştırılması yapılmıştır. Üretim ortamlarında pH 5,0-5,5 aralığında derin kültür üretimlerinde optimum inkübasyon süresinin 3 gün ve inokülasyon oranının %10 (hacim/hacim) olduğu belirlenmiştir. Optimum koşullarda yapılan sıvı çikolatalı üretimde 34.2 g/l etanol miktarı ile teorik verime %98,03 oranında yaklaşıldığı görülmüştür. Elde edilen verimlilik değerinin 0.48 g/l/s olduğu belirlenmiştir

Multiple unerupted mandibular permanent molar teeth: a case report

<p>The multiple impacted teeth at jaws are a rare condition that frequently associated with syndromes, metabolic disorders or trauma. A 48-year old male patient was referred to our clinic, with complaint of pain on right retromolar region while chewing. The patient had facial asymmetry and restricted mouth opening. Clinical and radiographic examination revealed the impaction of mandibular first, second and third molar and an abnormal condyle and coronoid process. All of the impacted teeth were extracted. Because the patient refused other treatment procedures no surgical intervention was performed for the asymmetry and restricted mouth opening. Six months clinic and radiographic follow up were satisfactory.</p&gt

PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF COLD STRESS AND BEE VENOM IN METABOLIC DISORDER DUE TO HIGH FAT DIET IN RATS

Aim: Metabolic disorders appear as risk factors for many diseases. One of the biggest causes of metabolic disorders is a high-fat diet. Increased dietary lipid with a high-fat diet increases lipogenesis and ectopic lipid accumulation, and therefore, increased peripheral insulin resistance leads to inflammatory response, chronic oxidative stress, and progressive organ damage. Exposure to cold induces adaptation to cold and provides adaptation with physiological changes. Bee venom treatment is performed with various methods such as apipuncture and direct injection of bee venom. In our study, the effects of bee venom and cold exposure on blood lipid levels in high-fat fed rats and whether they have synergistic effects were investigated.Methods: 3-week-old Spraque-Dawley male rats (30-40 g) were divided into 7 groups: control, cold stress (CS), high-fat diet (HFD), 0.5 mg/kg bee venom (BV), HFD+CS, HFD+ BV, HFD+CS+ BV. Rats were fed with high fat diet for 8 weeks. For the last 21 days, rats were exposed to cold for 2 hours a day and bee venom was injected subcutaneously for the last 15 days. Animals were sacrificed on the last day and fasting blood glucose was measured. Serum was then obtained, followed by lipid profile measurements. All data were presented as mean±standard error of the mean (SEM). Differences between the groups were assessed with One-way ANOVA Post hoc LSD test p&lt;0.05 was considered significant.Results: Triglyceride levels were significantly lower in the HFD+ BV group compared to HFD group(p=0.024). HDL was significantly higher in HFD+BV(p&lt;0.001) and HFD+BV+CS(p&lt;0.001) compared to other groups. Fasting plasma glucose levels were significantly lower in HFD+BV(p=0.001) and HFD+BV+CS(p=0.007) compared to other groups.Conclusions: It has been shown in our study that exposure to cold and bee venom have a synergistic effect on blood lipid levels and fasting blood sugar disorders in a high-fat diet, and bee venom has a regulatory effect on triglyceride.</p