Analisis Perangkat Pembelajaran Tematik Guru SD Negeri 252 Sapiri Kecamatan Kajang Kabupaten Bulukumba

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam perangkat pembelajaran tematik guru diperlukan penguasaan materi dan persiapan dalam penyajiannya dikelas yaitu mempersiapkan silabus, rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran, lembar kegiatan siswa, buku siswa, media pembelajaran, dan tes hasil belajar. Mempersiapkan alat peraga yang sesuai dengan standar kompetensi dan kompetensi dasar materi yang diajarkan, mengatur tempat dan memperkirakan waktu yang akan dipergunakan, serta mengadakan evaluasi sebagai penilaian akhir dalam proses pembelajaran. Pembelajaran tematik adalah pembelajaran terpadu yang menggunakan tema untuk mengaitkan beberapa mata pelajaran sehingga dapat memberikan pengalaman bermakna kepada siswa. Dalam proses pembelajaran dan tema yang diajarkan dilihat dari aspek sebelum kegiatan pembelajaran. Hal ini berlangsung selama kegiatan pembelajaran dan sesudah kegiatan pembelajaran dalam menerapkan pembelajaran tematik terhadap sisw

Karakteristik Padi Gogo Lokal yang Diberi Bahan Organik pada Berbagai Ketersediaan Air

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik kualitatif dan kuantitatif padi gogo lokal yang diberi bahan organik pada berbagai ketersediaan air. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Screenhouse Balai Benih Hortikultura Kelurahan Petobo, dilaksanakan pada Februari sampai dengan Juni 2015. Penelitian ini disusun menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) pola faktorial, faktor pertama adalah kondisi ketersediaan air yang terdiri atas 4 taraf : ketersediaan air kapasitas lapang 100%, 85%, 70% dan 55%. Faktor kedua berupa pemberian bahan organik terdiri atas 2 taraf: Tanpa Bahan Organik dan pemberian bahan organik/bokashi 20 ton ha-1. Setiap perlakuan diulang 3 kali dimana setiap unit percobaan terdiri dari 2 pertanaman, jadi keseluruhan tanaman berjumlah 48 tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa cekaman kekeringan berpengaruh pada keragaman kualitatif warna pelepah daun (hijau pucat; hijau dan hijau tua), helai daun (hijau pucat dan hijau) dan warna batang (kuning keemasan; hijau kekuningan dan hijau) dan keragaman kuantitatif tinggi tanaman, panjang malai, umur keluar malai, umur panen dan bobot gabah berisi. Perlakuan pemberian bokashi dapat meningkatkan jumlah anakan produktif dan persentase gabah berisi. Terdapat interaksi antara perlakuan berbagai ketersediaan air dan pemberian bahan organik pada total luas daun dan bobot gabah berisi

PENGEMBANGAN GEL EKSTRAK ETANOL CABAI RAWIT (Capsicum frutescence L)

Chili Pepper (Capsicum frutescence L) is a plant that can be used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Chemical constituents contained in chili pepper is capsaicin, it was stimulate the nerves that can relieve pain. The purpose of this study was to determine the gel formulation of the ethanol extract of cayenne pepper which has optimal stability by using a variation of the base. In this study, the ethanol extract of cayenne pepper (2.5%) was made using synthetic gel base (carbopol) and semisynthetic gel base (sodium carboxymethylcellulose). Evaluation  of the physical stability was tested  using stress conditions method. The stability parameters were  determined by organoleptic, viscosity and flow type. The ethanol extract of chili pepper was successfully created  gel form by using 5% of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and 1% of carbopol as a gelling agent. There was no significant change of two formulas  in  stability  evaluation  before and after  of the storage condition

Pemberdayaan Masyarakat di Desa Pucak dalam Pemanfaatan Tanaman Herbal Sebagai Gel Antiseptik

Maintaining hand hygiene is one of the most important steps to minimize the spread of disease from viruses and bacteria. But in reality there are still many people who are lazy to do it. In fact, the hands are one of the entrances for germs to enter the body. The use of antiseptics is an effort made to prevent disease transmission other than washing with soap. The practical use of hand sanitizer is a solution to keep hands clean anytime and anywhere. Natural ingredients are one of the right choices in making antiseptics because of the active chemical components that can fight bacteria or viruses, including piper betel leaf and orange peel. The chemical content of piper betel leaf and orange peel has anti-bacterial activity. This service activity aims to provide knowledge about training in making antiseptic gels from herbs, namely with the main ingredients of piper betel leaf and orange peel in partner groups in Pucak village, Bontonompo sub-district, Maros district. The community service activity was carried out in the form of training by providing materials and practices for the use of natural basic ingredients as an effort to make antiseptic gels made from herb

SEDIAAN KRIM EKSTRAK AIR BUAH AREN (Arenga pinnata) SEBAGAI ANTIOKSIDAN

Palm fruit (Arenga pinnata) contains galactomannan which has the potential as an antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 20,45 ppm. This study aims to produce cream dosage forms with antioxidant activity using the scaverry DPPH radical scavenger method from arenga pinnata water extract. Palm fruit water extract is formulated in cream form with variations in the concentration of stearic acid and triethanolamine emulgators in F1 (6:4), F2 (7:3), and F3 (8:2). Evaluation of physical stability includes organoleptic testing, homogeneity, pH, emulsion type, viscosity and type of flow carried out before and after forced conditions. In the statistical analysis of viscosity, the results of each formula showed no significant changes both before and after the conditions were forced. The results of the study obtained formula 2 and formula 3 has optimal stability. The stable formula was then tested for antioxidants using the DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenger method. Formula 2 and formula 3 each yield a DPPH radical inhibition percentage of 65% and 48.04%.

FORMULASI KRIM ANTIHIPERPIGMENTASI EKSTRAK BIJI BUAH LENGKENG (Euphoria longan [Lour])

Proses hiperpigmentasi melibatkan aktivitas suatu enzim, yaitu tirosinase. Salah satu tanaman yang berfungsi sebagai antihiperpigmentasi adalah biji buah lengkeng karena mengandung asam galat, glikosida flavon, dan hidroksinamat dengan kandungan utama flavon dimana asam galat memiliki aktivitas sebagai inhibitor enzim tirosinase. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan suatu formula krim antihiperpigmentasi ekstrak biji buah lengkeng (Euphoria longan [Lour]) yang stabil dan memiliki sifat farmaseutik yang baik berdasarkan evaluasi kestabilan serta tidak mengiritasi kulit. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian eksperimental laboratorium. Krim antihiperpigmentasi dengan variasi konsentrasi bahan pengemulsi Triethanolamin dan Asam Stearat dibuat dalam 2 formula. Formula 1 dengan konsentrasi Triethanolamin : Asam Stearat sebesar 2% : 6% dan formula 2 sebesar 3% : 9%. Hasil penelitian pada kedua formula menunjukkan bahwa pada pengujian organoleptik tidak mengalami perubahan bau, warna dan konsistensi sebelum dan sesudah kondisi dipaksakan, pada pengukuran pH menujukkan bahwa kedua formula memiliki pH yang sama yaitu pH 7 sebelum kondisi dipaksakan dan pH 7,9 sesudah kondisi dipaksakan, pada pengujian homogenitas menunjukkan formula homogen, pada pengujian tipe emulsi menunjukkan bahwa kedua formula mempunyai tipe emulsi m/a sebelum dan sesudah kondisi dipaksakan, pada pengujian daya sebar menunjukkan peningkatan daya sebar, Reogram kedua formula menunjukkan aliran plastis dan pada pengujian iritasi menunjukkan tidak terjadi iritasi baik iritasi primer maupun iritasi sekunder. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini bahwa ekstrak biji buah lengkeng dapat dibuat dalam bentuk krim antihiperpigmentasi yang memenuhi pengujian kestabilan farmaseutik namun formula 2 menunjukkan kestabilan yang optimal dan sifat farmaseutik yang baik dibandingkan formula 1. Selain itu penggunaan 1% esktrak tidak mengiritasi kulit sehingga aman digunakan pada kulit

PENGEMBANGAN FORMULASI MIKROEMULSI MINYAK SEREH (Cymbopogon nardus) MENGGUNAKAN EMULGATOR SURFAKTAN NONIONIK

Citronella oil (Cymbopogon nardus) is an essential oil which useful as an antibacterial that is usuallyprovided in the form of macroemulsion for topical use. absorption of macroemulsion through the skin relatively low, thermodynamically is not stable and can produce a separate phase in the storage period. The one of development emulsion  system  to  get  better  characteristics  is  to  form  a  microemulsion.  Microemulsion  is  an  oil  and  water dispersion stable thermodynamically stabilized by surfactants and in some cases a cosurfactant. The objective of this study was to formulatecitronella oil in the form of a stable microemulsion using nonionic surfactant. Optimization of the type and amount of emulsifier (surfactant) was required to formulate a stable microemulsion. In this study, microemulsion was evaluated during a month. Type   and concentration of surfactant, cosurfactant, Citronella oil (Cymbopogon nardus) and water was optimized. A stable citronella oil microemulsion was successfully created with composition of 15% PEG 400 as cosurfactant, 15% tween 80 as surfactant, 2-4% Citronella oil as oil phase and 10% glycerin as humectant and distilled water as aqueous phase. From the observation, microemulsion formula has   clear appearance but  physically unstable during a month storag

FORMULASI DAN EVALUASI SALEP EKSTRAK DAUN GULMA SIAM (Chromolaena odorata L.) DENGAN VARIASI BASIS SALEP

Siam weed leaves are one of the plants that function as wound medicine. This study aims to produce a stable ointment dosage form. Siamese weed leaf extract is formulated in the form of ointment with a variety of bases consisting of a hydrocarbon base, absorption, water soluble and emulsion. Evaluation of physical stability includes organoleptic testing, homogeneity, pH, dispersion, viscosity and flow properties carried out before and after forced conditions. Forced conditions were carried out with stock storage for 10 cycles at 50 and 350. The results of the analysis showed that the viscosity of the preparations in all formulas changed after storage at 50 and 350 for 5 days. However, the statistical results show that all formulas did not experience significant changes between before and after the stress condition treatment

AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK DAUN KELOR (Moringa oleifera L.) DAN PENGEMBANGANNYA MENJADI BENTUK SEDIAAN GEL

Antioxidants are used to prevent the oxidation of free radical compounds which have a bad impact on the body, including the skin.  One source of antioxidants derived from natural ingredients is Moringa leaves.  Moringa leaves have a number of benefits due to the many active chemical compounds.  The antioxidant activity of Moringa leaves can be optimized by developing Moringa leaves into a gel dosage form.  A literature review regarding the compound content and activity of Moringa leaves was carried out to obtain scientific data that can be used in the development of Moringa leaves as an antioxidant.  Narrative review with data sources from Science Direct, Pubmed, CiterSeerX, and Google Scholars. The Inclusion and exclusion criteria were set to obtain literature according to the scope of the study.  The results of the literature review showed that Moringa leaves contain the main active compounds of polyphenols and flavonoids which have strong antioxidant activity.  Gel dosage form is one of the best choices to optimize the antioxidant activity of Moringa leaves.  HPMC, carbopol and xanthan gum are gelling agent was produced a gel preparation with good pharmaceutical characteristics