Selective harmonic mitigation: limitations of classical control strategies and benefits of model predictive control

Selective harmonic mitigation pulsewidth modulation (SHMPWM) combined with model predictive control (MPC) is a promising approach for grid-connected power converters. SHMPWM can guarantee grid code compliance in steady state, e.g. grid harmonic injection, with a reduced output converter filter, while MPC improves dynamic response and allows grid code compliance in the event of grid transients. This paper presents a survey of the MPC strategies already published in the literature developed for their use with SHMPWM. The existing strategies fall into two categories: direct model predictive control with an implicit selective harmonic mitigation modulator, and direct model predictive control based on finite control set (FCS-MPC). One representative control strategy of each group is compared to each other and to the performance of classical proportional- integral (PI) controllers combined with SHMPWM. The goal is to identify the potential benefits of MPC for grid-connected power converters, and determine the main advantages and limitations of the two selected state-of-the-art control strategies. Their performance is assessed through Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) experimental results in terms of real-time implementation, harmonic content grid code compliance, dynamic response and performance under grid transients.This work is part of the projects PID2019-110956RB-I00 and TED2021- 132604B-I00, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by the European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR. It has also been partially supported by Ingeteam Power Technology and the Public University of Navarre

Building global competencies: a strategic approach to internationalization of engineering education

International mobility is an essential aspect of undergraduate education that enables students to acquire the necessary competences required by the European Higher Education Area (EHEA). However, small universities such as the Public University of Navarre (UPNA), which has approximately 9,000 bachelor's students, face challenges in providing effective mobility opportunities. The most significant hurdles include offering attractive mobility experiences to students and establishing mobility agreements with other universities. Nonetheless, the reduced size of UPNA provides some potential benefits, such as more personalized advice for students and better knowledge of the available destinations. This article discusses the internationalization strategy implemented by the Faculty of Industrial and ICT Engineering at UPNA, which has enabled over 25% of its students to participate in a mobility experience, resulting in a high satisfaction rate. This contribution provides valuable insights into how smaller universities can successfully offer international mobility programmes to their students.This work has been supported by the Chair of Renewable Energies and by the Faculty of Industrial and ICT Engineering of the Public University of Navarre

Effects of geographic area, feedstock, temperature, and operating time on microbial communities of six full-scale biogas plants

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different animal feedings operated in two distinct PDO (protected designation of origin) cheese production areas (Parmigiano Reggiano and Grana Padano) on the microbiome of six full-scale biogas plants, by means of Illumina sequencing and qPCR techniques. The effects of feedstock (cattle slurry manure, energy crops, agro-industrial by-products), temperature (mesophilic/thermophilic), and operating time were also examined, as were the relationships between the predominant bacterial and archaeal taxa and process parameters. The different feedstocks and temperatures strongly affected the microbiomes. A more biodiverse archaeal population was highlighted in Parmigiano Reggiano area plants, suggesting an influence of the different animal feedings. Methanosarcina and Methanosaeta showed an opposite distribution among anaerobic plants, with the former found to be related to ammonium concentration. The Methanoculleus genus was more abundant in the thermophilic digester whereas representation of the Thermotogales order correlated with hydraulic retention time

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Leaving academia dataset

Dataset for Kis A, Tur EM, Lakens D, Vaesen K, Houkes W (2022) Leaving academia: PhD attrition and unhealthy research environments. PLoS ONE 17(10): e0274976. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.027497

What do scientists value dataset

Dataset for DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/ESJC2 (https://osf.io/esjc2/

Microbacterium: adapted bacteria to microfiltrated milk

Microfiltration is a widespread technology applied to reduce the bacterial content during milk treatment. It is usually associated to pasteurization to further extend the shelf life of milk. The aim of this work was to evaluate the presence of bacteria in microfiltrated milk from the production process to the end of the shelf life. MATERIAL AND METHODS Milk samples were collected in two different plants located in Italy. Multiple time points were considered during the milk processing of the first plant, along with three different seasons. Samples from the second plant s were collected from freshly packaged at different time points. Additional samples were provided at the retail store. The following analyses were carried out for each sample: Total Bacterial Count (TBC), Bacillus cereus, Enterobacteriaceae (using enrichment medium). The colonies (about 10% of the plate) were randomly selected from the plates, purified by streaking on MPCA and then isolates were identified using the 16S rRNA gene Sanger sequencing. The proteolytic and lipolytic activity of Microbacterium isolates were evaluated using spotting technique on milk and tributyrin agar plates . Biofilm production was evaluated by streaking the strains isolated on Congo Red Agar (CRA) medium. The antibiotic resistance profile was determined according to CLSI standard methods. Moreover, bacterial growth capability in milk was also assessed at 8°C