Organization of middle management in an uncertain environment and anticipation of workplaces' future : what circumstance led people to lose their expectancy

本稿はコロナ禍という不確実な環境下における中間管理職と組織の関係についての検討を目的としており，特に組織と職場集団をつなぐ組織の「要」とも言える中間管理職の組織の将来性への認知に着目する。ここでは，全体(組織:O)と集団(職場:W)の双方に対し，高い信頼を寄せる社員はどのような属性であるかを検証する。その結果，業種，企業規模，地域などの組織属性と職種，性，学歴，世代などの中間管理職自身の個人属性の両方が，組織と職場の将来性への意識に影響を及ぼすことが明らかになった。This study aims to examine the relationship between middle managers and organizations in an uncertain environment due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We focus on middle managers' perceptions of their organization's future, as middle managers are "key link" between the organization and employees. Specifically, we examine the attributes of employees with high expectations for the future (innovativeness) for both the organization and the workplace. We confirmed that organizational attributes, such as industry, firm size, and location, and individual attributes of middle managers, such as job type, gender, educational background, and generation, affect the future potential of organizations and workplaces.論文(Article)application/pdfdepartmental bulletin pape

Evidence for B→ϕϕK

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スウェーデンにおける民衆学校制度の形成 －1842年の民衆教育令の特徴とその後の国民教育の実態から－

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イオン交換体による陽イオンの分離-2- : Ca2+ と Mg2+ の溶離について（その二）

departmental bulletin pape

The 9-1-1 complex specifically stimulates the activity of Pol β in long patch base excision repair

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "The checkpoint clamp, Rad9-Rad1-Hus1 complex, preferentially stimulates the activity of apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 and DNA polymerase β in long patch base excision repair"</p><p></p><p>Nucleic Acids Research 2007;35(8):2596-2608.</p><p>Published online 10 Apr 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1885638.</p><p>© 2007 The Author(s)</p> The LP-BER reaction was performed as described in ‘Materials and Methods’. Reactions were stopped by adding an equal volume of formamide-dye solution and products were analyzed on a 10% denaturing polyacrylamide gel. The reaction mixtures (10 μl) contained (besides all components described in ‘Materials and Methods’) P-5′-labeled 100 bp duplex oligonucleotide (50 fmol), APE 1(55 fmol), Pol β (15 fmol), Fen 1 (93 fmol), and Lig I (245 fmol). Reactions were incubated for 20 min at 37°C with increasing amounts of the 9-1-1 complex. as A but with the indicated amounts of PCNA or BSA. () Quantification of the stimulation of Pol β activity in LP-BER by the 9-1-1 complex (rectangles); PCNA (rhomboids) and BSA (triangles). The error bars correspond to the standard error of the mean

Fine-tuning of the different enzymes in the long patch base excision repair The LP-BER reaction was performed as described in ‘Materials and Methods’

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "The checkpoint clamp, Rad9-Rad1-Hus1 complex, preferentially stimulates the activity of apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 and DNA polymerase β in long patch base excision repair"</p><p></p><p>Nucleic Acids Research 2007;35(8):2596-2608.</p><p>Published online 10 Apr 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1885638.</p><p>© 2007 The Author(s)</p> All reactions were stopped by adding an equal volume of formamide-dye solution and products were analyzed on a 10% denaturing polyacrylamide gel. The reaction mixtures (10 μl) contained (besides all components described in ‘Materials and Methods’) unlabeled 100 bp duplex oligonuleotide (50 fmol), [α-P] dTTP (2.5 μCi), Pol β (64 fmol), Fen 1 (93 fmol), Lig I (245 fmol) and the indicated amounts of APE 1. Reactions were incubated for 20 min at 37°C. The reaction mixtures (10 μl) contained (besides all components described in ‘Materials and Methods’) P-5′-labeled 100 bp duplex oligonucleotide (50 fmol), APE 1 (55 fmol), Fen 1 (93 fmol) and Lig I (245 fmol). Reactions were incubated for 20 min at 37°C with the indicated amounts of Pol β. The reaction mixtures (10 μl) contained (besides all components described in ‘Materials and Methods’) P-5′-labeled 100 bp duplex oligonucleotide (50 fmol), APE 1 (55 fmol), Pol β (64 fmol), Lig I (245 fmol) and increasing amounts of Fen 1. Reactions were incubated for 20 min at 37°C. The reaction mixtures (1 μl) contained (besides all components described in ‘Materials and Methods’) P-5′-labeled 100 bp duplex oligonucleotide (50 fmol), of APE 1 (55 fmol) of Pol β (64 fmol), Fen 1 (93 fmol) and indicated amounts of Lig I. Reactions were incubated for 20 min at 37°C

Proteins and substrates used in reconstitution of long patch base excision repair Recombinant proteins were purified as described in ‘Materials and Methods’ and separated on a 8–20% gradient SDS-PAGE gel, and stained with Coomassie Blue

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "The checkpoint clamp, Rad9-Rad1-Hus1 complex, preferentially stimulates the activity of apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 and DNA polymerase β in long patch base excision repair"</p><p></p><p>Nucleic Acids Research 2007;35(8):2596-2608.</p><p>Published online 10 Apr 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1885638.</p><p>© 2007 The Author(s)</p> Lane 1: molecular weight markers; lane 2: APE 1 (2 μg); lane 3: Pol β (2 μg); lane 4: Fen 1 (2 μg); lane 5: Lig I (2 μg); lane 6: 9-1-1 complex (6 μg). Schematic representation of the P-5′-labeled oligonucleotide substrates used in the study: a 100 bp duplex oligonucleotide containing a THF moiety at the position 43 was used for repair reactions, the ends of the substrate were either free (unblocked substrate) or blocked with a biotin at each end (blocked substrate); a 100 bp duplex oligonucleotide with a 1 nucleotide gap at the same position was used for the Pol β assay; with a nick for the Lig I assay and with a 10 nucleotide flap for the Fen 1 reactio

The 9-1-1 complex specifically stimulates the endonuclease activity of APE 1

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "The checkpoint clamp, Rad9-Rad1-Hus1 complex, preferentially stimulates the activity of apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 and DNA polymerase β in long patch base excision repair"</p><p></p><p>Nucleic Acids Research 2007;35(8):2596-2608.</p><p>Published online 10 Apr 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1885638.</p><p>© 2007 The Author(s)</p> The APE 1 incision assay was performed as described in ‘Materials and Methods’. Reactions were stopped by adding an equal volume of formamide-dye solution and products were analyzed on a 10% denaturing polyacrylamide gel. An APE 1 reaction mixture (10 μl) contained (besides all components described in ‘Materials and Methods’) P-5′-labeled 100 bp duplex oligonucleotide (50 fmol see B), APE 1 (2 fmol). Reactions were incubated for 20 min at 37°C with the indicated amounts of the 9-1-1 complex. As A but with the blocked substrate (50 fmol). Quantification of the stimulation of APE 1 endonuclease cleavage by the 9-1-1 complex on the substrate with free ends (closed circles) and with the ends blocked with biotin (open circles). The values represent the mean of three independent experiments. The error bars correspond to the standard error of the mean

The 9-1-1 complex specifically stimulates the endonuclease activity of APE 1 in LP-BER Schematic representation of the substrate used in the LP-BER reaction

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "The checkpoint clamp, Rad9-Rad1-Hus1 complex, preferentially stimulates the activity of apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 and DNA polymerase β in long patch base excision repair"</p><p></p><p>Nucleic Acids Research 2007;35(8):2596-2608.</p><p>Published online 10 Apr 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1885638.</p><p>© 2007 The Author(s)</p> LP-BER assay was performed as described in ‘Materials and Methods’ The reaction mixtures (10 μl) contained (besides all components described in ‘Materials and Methods’) unlabeled 100 bp duplex oligonucleotide (50 fmol), [α-P] dTTP (2.5 μCi), APE 1 (4 fmol), Pol β (64 fmol), Fen 1 (93 fmol), and Lig I (245 fmol). Reactions were incubated for 20 min at 37°C with the indicated amounts of the 9-1-1 complex, as B but with the indicated amounts of PCNA as B but with the indicated amounts of BSA. Quantification of the stimulation of APE 1 activity in LP-BER by the 9-1-1 complex (circles; PCNA (rectangles) and BSA (triangles). The values represent the mean of three independent experiments. The error bars correspond to the standard error of the mean. Quantification of the stimulation of APE 1 activity in LP-BER by the 9-1-1 complex, on the substrate with free ends (closed circles and with the ends blocked with biotin (open circles). The values represent the mean of three independent experiments. The error bars correspond to the standard error of the mean

The 9-1-1 complex has no effect on the activities of Fen 1 and Lig I in long patch base excision repair

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "The checkpoint clamp, Rad9-Rad1-Hus1 complex, preferentially stimulates the activity of apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 and DNA polymerase β in long patch base excision repair"</p><p></p><p>Nucleic Acids Research 2007;35(8):2596-2608.</p><p>Published online 10 Apr 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1885638.</p><p>© 2007 The Author(s)</p> The LP-BER reaction was performed as described in ‘Materials and Methods’. Reactions were stopped by adding an equal volume of formamide-dye solution and products were analyzed on a 10% denaturing polyacrylamide gel. The reaction mixtures (10 μl) contained (besides all components described in Materials and Methods) P-5′-labeled 100 bp duplex oligonucleotide (50 fmol), APE 1 (55 fmol), Pol β (64 fmol), Fen 1 (9 fmol), and of Lig I (245 fmol). Reactions were incubated for 20 min at 37°C with the indicated amounts of the 9-1-1 complex. The reaction mixtures (10 μl) contained (besides all components described in Materials and Methods) P-5′-labeled 100 bp duplex oligonucleotide (50 fmol), APE 1 (55 fmol), Pol β (64 fmol), Fen 1 (93 fmol), and Lig I (25 fmol). Reactions were incubated for 20 min at 37°C with the indicated amounts of the 9-1-1 complex. A Fen 1 reaction mixture (10 μl) contained (besides all components described in Materials and Methods) a 10 nucleotide flap substrate (50 fmol, see B) and Fen 1 (25 fmol). Reactions were incubated for 20 min at 37°C with the indicated amounts of the 9-1-1 complex. A Lig I reaction mixture (10 μl) contained (besides all components described in Materials and Methods) a nicked oligonucleotide (50 fmol, see B) and Lig I (0.5 fmol). Reactions were incubated for 20 min at 37°C with the indicated amounts of the 9-1-1 complex