希土類炭化物 RNiC2（R=La, Ce）が見せる新しい物理《マイレビュー》

The ternary carbides with the rare-earth atom R and Ni, RNiC2 (R=La and Ce), having a unique crystal structure with non-centrosymmetry, show several new physics in their superconductivity and magnetism. LaNiC2 exhibits bulk superconductivity at about 3 K; however, its superconducting mechanism is still disputable. For this superconductivity high pressure strongly alters its nature, which implies that strong electron-electron correlations are intrinsic to the system and the superconductivity. CeNiC2, on the other hand, indicates complex magnetism changing from the incommensurate antiferromagnetic ordering (AFIC) to the commensurate antiferromagnetic one (AFC), and further to the ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic order (F), with decreasing temperature from 20 K to 1 K. The solid solutions of these two systems change their physical states dramatically. The results indicate that LaNiC2 is a conventional s-wave BCS superconductor with the full superconducting gap.textapplication/pdfdepartmental bulletin pape

Current progress in microRNA profiling of circulating extracellular vesicles in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A systematic review

Introduction Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease affecting upper and lower motor neurons, leading to death resulting mainly from respiratory failure, for which there is currently no curative treatment. Underlying pathological mechanisms for the development of ALS are diverse and have yet to be elucidated. Non-invasive testing to isolate circulating molecules including microRNA to diagnose ALS has been reported, but circulating extracellular vesicle (EV)-derived microRNA has not been fully studied in the ALS population. Methods A systematic literature review to explore studies investigating the profile of microRNAs in EVs from blood samples of ALS patients was carried out according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guideline. Results Eleven studies including a total of 263 patients with ALS were included in the present systematic review. The majority of patients had sporadic ALS, though a small number of patients with ALS having genetic mutations were included. Seven studies used plasma-derived EVs, and the remaining four studies used serum-derived EVs. RNA sequencing or microarrays were used in eight studies, and quantitative PCR was used in eight studies, of which five studies used RNA sequencing or microarrays for screening and quantitative PCR for validation. There was overlap of miR-199a-3p and miR-199a-5p in three studies. Conclusions Overall, the systematic review addressed the current advances in the profiling of microRNAs in circulating EVs of ALS patients. Blood samples, isolation of EVs, and microRNA analysis were diverse. Although there was an overlap of miR-199a-3p and miR-199a-5p, collection of further evidence is warranted

Observation of B+→pΛ̅γ

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超統計に対する熱力学形式の定式化と複雑系におけるスケーリング則の系統的導出

application/pdf得られた成果のうち最も重要なものは、対数正規型超統計の基礎づけに成功したことである。この理論は超統計のもつ3つのユニヴァーサリティ・クラスの中のひとつで、乱流の研究などに応用されるが、これまでは乗法的確率過程に対する中心極限定理を用いる議論のみが知られていた。本研究では、非平衡系におけるエントロピーの揺らぎに注目し、揺らぎ定理を適用することにより、対数正規型超統計の定式化に成功した。なお、研究期間中に、複雑系や量子熱力学などに関する研究も遂行することが出来た。Among the obtained results, the most important is concemed with the success in formulating log-normal superstatistics (LNS). LNS belongs to three universality classes in superstatistics and can be applied to important phenomena such as turbulence. In the earlier works, LNS has been discussed only in the context of the central limit theorem for multiplicative processes. In my work, I focus my attention on entropy fluctuations in nonequilibrium systems and formulate LNS based on the fluctuation theorem. In addition to this, I could also complete other works on complex systems and quantum thermodynamics.平成20~22年度科学研究費補助金(基盤研究(C))研究成果報告書20540374research repor

ウズベキスタン共和国憲法裁判所と立憲主義

2008-07-24加藤久和教授退職記念論文集departmental bulletin pape

Sensitivity matrix of the <i>in silico</i> knockout analysis.

<p>The rows and the columns indicate the proteins knocked out. Thus, the diagonal of the matrix shows the results of the single knockouts and the other entries of the double knockouts. The numbers represent the percentage of T-invariants that are affected by a knockout. The colors indicate the impact on the xenophagy pathway (red = high, green = low).</p

<i>In silico</i> knockout matrix.

<p>A row represents a protein knockout and a column the effect of the perturbation on a macromolecular <i>Salmonella</i> complex. A green entry indicates no effect and a red entry a negative effect, i.e., a reduced formation of a macromolecular complex. The numbers in some entries represent the reference literature of experimentally investigated effects: ¹ Huett et al. 2012 [<a href="http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005200#pcbi.1005200.ref034" target="_blank">34</a>]; ² Thurston et al. 2012 [<a href="http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005200#pcbi.1005200.ref006" target="_blank">6</a>], Li et al. 2013 [<a href="http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005200#pcbi.1005200.ref033" target="_blank">33</a>]; ³ Thurston et al. 2012 [<a href="http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005200#pcbi.1005200.ref006" target="_blank">6</a>]; ⁴ Cemma et al. 2011 [<a href="http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005200#pcbi.1005200.ref038" target="_blank">38</a>]; ⁵ Zheng et al. 2009 [<a href="http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005200#pcbi.1005200.ref007" target="_blank">7</a>], Cemma et al. 2011 [<a href="http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005200#pcbi.1005200.ref038" target="_blank">38</a>]; ⁶ Wild et al. 2011 [<a href="http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005200#pcbi.1005200.ref009" target="_blank">9</a>]; ⁷ Li et al. 2013 [<a href="http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005200#pcbi.1005200.ref033" target="_blank">33</a>]; ⁸ Cemma et al. 2011 [<a href="http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005200#pcbi.1005200.ref038" target="_blank">38</a>], Thurston et al. 2009 [<a href="http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005200#pcbi.1005200.ref008" target="_blank">8</a>]; ⁹ Wild et al. 2011 [<a href="http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005200#pcbi.1005200.ref009" target="_blank">9</a>], Radtke et al. 2007 [<a href="http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005200#pcbi.1005200.ref025" target="_blank">25</a>]. The results marked by an asterisk are biologically obvious and need no further experimental investigation. The knockout of the seven places <i>Ap:Gal8, Ap:Gal8:Ub, Ap:Gal8:Ub:N/S, Ap:Ub, Ap:Ub:N/S, Ap:Gal8:Ub:OPTNp, Ap:Ub:OPTNp</i> is experimentally investigated, if the fraction of LC3/GABARAP-positive <i>Salmonella</i> has been observed in the experiments.</p

Autophagy and modular restructuring of metabolism control germline tumor differentiation and proliferation in <i>C. elegans</i>

<p>Autophagy can act either as a tumor suppressor or as a survival mechanism for established tumors. To understand how autophagy plays this dual role in cancer, in vivo models are required. By using a highly heterogeneous <i>C. elegans</i> germline tumor, we show that autophagy-related proteins are expressed in a specific subset of tumor cells, neurons. Inhibition of autophagy impairs neuronal differentiation and increases tumor cell number, resulting in a shorter life span of animals with tumors, while induction of autophagy extends their life span by impairing tumor proliferation. Fasting of animals with fully developed tumors leads to a doubling of their life span, which depends on modular changes in transcription including switches in transcription factor networks and mitochondrial metabolism. Hence, our results suggest that metabolic restructuring, cell-type specific regulation of autophagy and neuronal differentiation constitute central pathways preventing growth of heterogeneous tumors.</p

PN model of <i>Salmonella</i> xenophagy.

<p>The PN model comprises 61 places, including nine logical places represented by different colors, and 69 transitions connected by 184 arcs. All places and transitions, including a description and a reference, are listed in <a href="http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005200#pcbi.1005200.s007" target="_blank">S1</a> and <a href="http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005200#pcbi.1005200.s008" target="_blank">S2</a> Tables.</p

<i>In silico</i> knockout matrix and the corresponding PN.

<p>(A) A small PN, consisting of three places, protein <i>A</i>, protein <i>B</i>, and a protein complex <i>AB</i>, and four transitions, <i>SynA</i>, <i>SynB</i>, <i>Bin</i>, and <i>Out</i>, which describe the synthesis of <i>A</i>, the synthesis of <i>B</i>, the binding of both proteins, and the outflow of the complex to the environment, respectively. (B) The <i>in silico</i> knockout matrix of the PN shown in part A. The matrix has a row for each input transition, <i>SynA</i> and <i>SynB</i>, and columns for each substance, <i>A</i>, <i>B</i>, and <i>AB</i>. The binary values of an entry are color-coded by either a red or a green circle. An entry becomes red, if the corresponding place is not the outgoing place of a transition that is part of a still functional T-invariant. The entry is green, if the corresponding place is still the output place of a transition that is part of a T-invariant. For the PN in part A, the knockout of either <i>SynA</i> or <i>SynB</i> is sufficient to have a negative effect on all substances, <i>A</i>, <i>B</i>, and <i>AB</i>. Consequently, all entries in the matrix are red. (C) The PN is modified by adding the output transitions, <i>DegA</i> and <i>DegB</i>. Now, the knockout analysis becomes more specific. The knockout of <i>SynA</i> blocks the production of <i>A</i> and complex <i>AB</i>, but <i>B</i> is not affected. Vice versa, the knockout of <i>SynB</i> leaves <i>A</i> unaffected. (D) The corresponding <i>in silico</i> knockout matrix of the modified PN shown in part C.</p