中性子線及びガンマ線人体吸収線量計測技術の開発とその臨界事故影響評価への応用に関する研究

名古屋大学Nagoya University博士(工学)名古屋大学博士学位論文 学位の種類:博士(工学)(課程)　学位授与年月日:平成19年3月23日本学位論文は，独立行政法人日本原子力研究開発機構の研究成果報告書類（JAEA-Review 2007-025）として出版され，その電子ファイルが同機構のインターネットウェブページ（http://jolissrch-inter.tokai-sc.jaea.go.jp/pdfdata/JAEA-Review-2007-025.pdf）において公開されている。doctoral thesi

Correlation between Ultrasound Findings of Tumor Margin and Clinicopathological Findings in Patients with Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast

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Improved measurement of mixing-induced CP violation in the neutral B meson system

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The RA and FGF/MAPK pathways control the AP patterning of <i>Ciona</i> tail epidermis.

<p>(<b>A–D</b>): In control embryos, the expression of <i>Ci-hox1</i> (A) is restricted to the anterior third tail epidermal cells, that of <i>Ci-hox12</i> (B) to the posterior third epidermal cells, while <i>Ci-wnt5</i> (C) is expressed in cells around the tailtip and <i>Ci-fgf8/17/18</i> (D) is restricted to 2–4 cells at the very tip of the tail. (<b>E–H</b>): treatment with 1.5 µM RA leads to an ectopic expression of <i>Ci-hox1</i> throughout the tail epidermis (E) and to a loss or a strong reduction of <i>Ci-hox12</i> (F) and <i>Ci-wnt5</i> (G), without affecting the expression of <i>Ci-fgf8/17/18</i> (H). (<b>I–L</b>): inhibition of the RA synthesis by treatment with 150 µM DEAB leads to a loss of <i>Ci-hox1</i> expression (I), but has no effect on <i>Ci-hox12</i> (J), <i>Ci-wnt5</i> (K) or <i>Ci-fgf8/17/18</i> (L). (<b>M–P</b>): treatment with 100 ng/ml bFGF results in a loss of <i>Ci-hox1</i> expression from the anterior tail epidermis in about 30% of the treated embryos (M). Conversely, the expression domains of <i>Ci-hox12</i> (N) and to a lesser extent of <i>Ci-wnt5</i> (O) are expanded anteriorly. The expression of <i>Cifgf8/17/18</i> is not affected (P). (<b>Q–T</b>): Epidermal expression of a dominant-negative form of the <i>Ciona</i> FGF receptor leads to the ectopic expression of <i>Ci-hox1</i> (arrowhead in Q) and to the loss or decrease of <i>Ci-hox12</i> (R), <i>Ci-wnt5</i> (S) and <i>Ci-fgf8/17/18</i> (T). The low percentage of embryos showing loss of <i>Ci-fgf8/17/18</i> expression is most likely due to the very small number of epidermal cells (2 to 4) which express <i>Ci-fgf8/17/18</i> and which fail to express dnFGFR due to the mosaicism inherent to the electroporation technique. (U-X): treatment with 10 µM U0126 results in a complete loss or a severe downregulation of both anterior and posterior genes. All embryos were treated at late gastrula stage and analysed at mid-late tailbud for <i>Ci-hox1</i> and <i>Ci-hox12</i>, at early-mid tailbud stage for <i>Ci-wnt5</i> and <i>Ci-fgf8/17/18</i>. The percentages indicate the proportion of embryos with the phenotype shown. (<b>Y</b>): Diagram showing the opposing effects of the RA and FGF signals on tail epidermis genes. Solid lines mark interactions supported by both gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments, dotted lines those only supported by gain-of-function experiments.</p

Activity of the FGF/MAPK, Wnt canonical and RA pathways in the tail epidermis of the <i>Ciona</i> embryo.

<p>(<b>A</b>): Anti dpErk immunostaining reveals MAPK pathway activity in the posterior tail epidermal cells. (<b>A′</b>): Epidermal expression of a dominant-negative form of the <i>Ciona</i> FGF receptor results in a decrease of the epidermal dpErk signal in 59% of the analysed embryos. The embryos in A and A′ are siblings and were processed in parallel. (<b>B–F</b>): <i>Ci-fgf8/17/18</i> is expressed from mid-gastrula stage onwards in a small number of epidermal cells (2–4) located at very tip of the tail (red arrowheads). (<b>G</b>): X-Gal staining of embryos electroporated with the Wnt canonical pathway reporter construct p12xTCF::LacZ shows activity in the posterior ventral midline epidermal cells (black arrowhead). (<b>H–L</b>): <i>Ci-wnt5</i> is expressed from mid-gastrula stage onwards in a group of epidermal cells located around the tip of the tail (green arrowheads). (<b>M</b>): X-Gal staining of embryos electroporated with the RA reporter construct pCi-Hox1(intron2)::LacZ shows activity in the anterior tail epidermis (bracket) and in some muscle cells (black arrowheads). (<b>N–P</b>): <i>Ci-aldh1a1/2/3a</i>, the <i>Ciona</i> homolog of the RA-synthesising enzyme Raldh2, is expressed from mid-gastrula stage onwards by the anteriormost muscle cells of the tail. <b>A, A′, D, E, G, J, K, M and O</b>: early tailbud stage embryos (stage 19–20); anterior to the left, except in E and K, posterior view. <b>B, C, H, I, N</b>: mid-gastrula stage embryos (stage 12); anterior to the top in B, H, N; posterior view in C, I. <b>F, L, P</b>: mid-tailbud stage embryos (stage 22); anterior to the left. (<b>Q</b>): Schematic ventral view of a tailbud stage embryo, recapitulating the epidermal territories where the RA (blue), FGF/MAPK (green) and Wnt canonical (orange) pathways are active.</p

Differences between the anterior and posterior populations of <i>Ciona</i> vCENs.

<p>(<b>A</b>): Schematized representation of the <i>Ciona</i> larval CENs (adapted from <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0046193#pone.0046193-Ohtsuka1" target="_blank">[41]</a>). (<b>B</b>): Whole mount view of a hatching larva electroporated with the pVGluT::EGFP reporter construct and immunostained with an anti-GFP antibody to show the general organization of the tail PNS. The posterior vCENs emit long axons (red arrowhead) and are contacted by axons from the dorsal CENs (yellow arrowhead), while the anterior vCENs do not establish contacts with other CENs (gap between the blue arrows). (<b>C, C′</b>): Differences in the birth time of anterior and posterior vCENs. <i>Ci-etr</i> expression in initial- (C) and early-tailbud stages (C′) embryos show that the posterior vCENs are born slightly earlier than the anterior vCENs. (<b>D–E′</b>): closeup showing the long axons of the posterior vCENs (red arrowheads) and their connexions with the dorsal CENs (yellow arrowheads). (<b>F, F′</b>): closeup showing that the anterior vCENs emit only very short axonal extensions (white arrowheads). (<b>G</b>): Quantification of the morphometric differences between anterior and posterior vCENs at hatching larva stage. The axonal length of 42 randomly chosen EGFP-expressing vCENs from 14 larvae was plotted against the position of their cell body along the tail. K-means parameter cluster analysis of the scatterplot reveals the existence of two distinct clusters of 21 points each. The centroid coordinates of the anterior (red) cluster are: axonal length = 15.9 µm, distance from trunk/tail junction = 233.8 µm, those of the posterior (yellow) cluster are: axonal length = 173,8 µm, distance from trunk/tail junction = 565.4 µm.</p

The RA, FGF/MAPK and Wnt canonical pathways control the number and position of <i>Ciona</i> vCENs.

<p>(<b>A</b>): In situ hybridization with <i>Ci-etr</i> reveals alterations in the number and distribution of the vCENs along the tail length following pharmacological or molecular interference with the RA, FGF/MAPK or Wnt canonical pathways. (<b>B</b>): Boxplot quantification of vCENs numbers (as detected by in situ hybridization against <i>Ci-etr</i>) following activation or inhibition of the RA pathway (treatment with RA and DEAB, respectively), activation or inhibition of the FGF/MAPK pathway (treatment with FGF and UO126) or LiCl-mediated activation of the Wnt canonical pathway. (<b>C</b>): Quantification of the distribution of <i>Ci-etr</i> positive vCENs along the tail length. The distance separating the anteriormost vCEN from the ventral trunk/tail junction (blue dot) and that separating the posteriormost vCEN from the tail tip (red triangle) in late tailbud embryos (stage 24) are expressed as percentage of the total tail length. (<b>D</b>): Quantification of the effect of RA or bFGF treatment on the anterior and posterior vCENs. The axonal length of EGFP-expressing vCENs from RA- or bFGF treated larvae was plotted against the position of their cell body along the tail. RA treatment (upper panel) results in the presence of the anterior, short axon vCEN population only (cluster centroid coordinates: axonal length = 8.4 µm, distance from trunk/tail junction = 276.1 µm), while bFGF treatment (lower panel) results in the presence of the posterior, long-axon vCENs population (cluster centroid coordinates: axonal length = 198.7 µm, distance from trunk/tail junction = 575.1 µm). (<b>E</b>): Schematic representation of the effect of the different pharmaceutical treatments on vCENs number and distribution.</p

不完全入力データと過飽和交通流を含めた高度デマンド信号制御方式の性能評価

本稿では不完全入カデータと過飽和交通流を含めた高度デマンド信号制御方式（Advanced Demand Signals; ADS方式）の性能評価を行っている．まず，画像センサのモデル化を行い，不完全入力データを入力して評価を行っている．不完全入カデータを用いた場合，平均アイドリング時間が増加することが示されている．これは画像センサのデータ取得範囲に起因するものである．つぎに動的交通流を用いて過飽和交通流の評価を行っている．主道路と従道路の交通需要に比較的偏りがなく過飽和状態の場合に伝統的な信号制御方式が優位の結果になっている．また交通需要に大きな偏りがあり過飽和状態の場合にADS方式の平均アイドリング率が低くなっている． This paper describes performance evaluations of Advanced Demand Signals (ADS) schemes under incomplete input data situations or oversaturated traffic flow situations. Firstly, an image sensor is modeled. Simulations are carried out with incomplete input data obtained from the modeled image sensor. Results show that the data acquisition range of the image sensor cause average idling time increase. Secondly, Simulations are carried out under oversaturated traffic flow. If the main roadway traffic flow and the intersecting roadway traffic flow are equal, results show that Traditional Signal Control is best performance. When it is great difference between the main roadway traffic flow and the intersecting road way traffic flow, results show ADS is better performance.copyright©2014 IEICEtextapplication/pdftechnical repor

Supplemental Figures with captions from Identifying adhesive components in a model tunicate

Tunicates populate a great variety of marine underwater substrates worldwide and represent a significant concern in marine shipping and aquaculture. Adhesives are secreted from the anterior papillae of their swimming larvae, which attach and metamorphose into permanently adhering, filter-feeding adults. We recently described the cellular composition of the sensory adhesive organ of the model tunicate Ciona intestinalis in great detail. Notably, the adhesive secretions of collocytes accumulate at the tip of the organ and contain glycoproteins. Here, we further explore the components of adhesive secretions and have screened for additional specificities that may influence adhesion or cohesion of the Ciona glue, including other carbohydrate moieties, catechols and substrate properties. We found a distinct set of sugar residues in the glue recognized by specific lectins with little overlap to other known marine adhesives. Surprisingly, we also detect catechol residues that likely originate from an adjacent cellular reservoir, the test cells. Furthermore, we provide information on substrate preferences where hydrophobicity outperforms charge in the attachment. Finally, we can influence the settlement process by the addition of hydrophilic heparin. The further analysis of tunicate adhesive strategies should provide a valuable knowledge source in designing physiological adhesives or green antifoulants.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Transdisciplinary approaches to the study of adhesion and adhesives in biological systems’

Interactions between the RA and FGF/MAPK pathways.

<p>(<b>A–K</b>): The FGF/MAPK pathway controls both synthesis and degradation of RA. The expression of the RA-synthesising enzyme <i>Ci-aldh1a1/2/3a</i> in the anterior tail muscle cells (A) is not affected by treatment with RA (B), the Ci-aldh1a1/2/3a inhibitor DEAB (C) or recombinant bFGF (D), but is suppressed by the MAPK inhibitor UO126 (E). The RA hydrolysing enzyme <i>Ci-cyp26</i> is expressed in the anterior and posterior thirds of the tail epidermis (F). RA treatment results in a strong increase of <i>Ci-cyp26</i> expression (G), while DEAB leads to its loss from the anterior tail epidermis (H). Treatment with bFGF results in the upregulation of <i>Ci-cyp26</i> expression throughout the tail epidermis (I); treatment with U0126 leads to the loss of <i>Ci-cyp26</i> expression mostly from the anterior tail epidermis (J). Epidermal expression of a dominant-negative form of the <i>Ciona</i> FGF receptor results in a decrease of the Ci-cyp26 expression (K). Treatments were performed at late gastrula stage and embryos analysed at mid-late tailbud. The percentages indicate the proportion of embryos with the phenotype shown. (<b>L–O</b>): RA inhibits transduction of the FGF/MAPK signal in the posterior tail epidermis. In control embryos, Erk diphosphorylation is detected in trunk and tailtip epidermal cells (brackets in L, M). Treatment with RA at late gastrula stage leads to a specific decrease of the dpErk signal in tailtip cells in 85% of the embryos analysed at late neurula stage (N) and 91% of embryos analysed at early tailbud stage (O). In all cases, anterior is to the left. (<b>P</b>): Diagram illustrating the interactions between the RA and the FGF/MAPK pathways in the <i>Ciona</i> tail.</p