10 research outputs found
Private Finance Initiative and Real Options
Get PDF本論文は、PFI(Private Finance Initiative)の抱える多くの問題点の改善処置を、リアル・オプションという投資の意思決定の手法を適用することによって見出し、PFIの事業手法としての技術の向上、確立を目的としている。まず、日本におけるPFIの現状を概観し、代表的な問題点を抽出している。次に、リアル・オプションの概要を説明している。リアル・オプションは、事業に内包する不確実性に対する意思決定者(経営)に与えられている選択権(戦略の自由度)をオプション価値評価するものであり、各オプションは数個のパラメーターの影響を受け、事業価値が変動する。これを更に展開させ、PFIとリアル・オプションの共通概念を整理した上で、PFIについて事業分野別にリアル・オプションの適性を比較検討している。事例研究では、調布市立調和小学校整備並びに運用及び維持管理事業と近江八幡市民病院整備運営事業を事例として選出し検証を行っている。施設の運営・維持管理において、成長オプションや柔軟性オプションを適用する可能性や病院のITシステム等の付加価値において、段階的オプション、タイミングオプションを適用することの効果を検証の結果としている。まとめとして、リアル・オプションの適用が、 PFIの課題の改善にどのように寄与するか論述している。多段階選抜の過程、VFM算定及びリスク分担、契約、ファイナンス組成、モニタリングシステムなどとの関連でその有効性をまとめ、反面、施設整備の付加価値の問題やPFIにおける事業性と公共性のバランスなどの問題点も指摘し、最後に今後の課題にも触れている。論説application/pdfdepartmental bulletin pape
Data Collection in Real Acoustical Environments for Sound Scene Understanding and Hands-Free Speech Recognition
Get PDFThis paper describes a sound scene database necessary for studies such as sound source localization, sound re trieval, sound recognition and hands-free speech recognition in real acoustical environments. This paper reports on a project for collection of the sound scene data supported by Real World Computing Partnership(RWCP). There are many kinds of sound scenes in real environments. The sound scene is denoted by sound sources and room acoustics. The number of combination of the sound sources, source positions and rooms is huge in real acoustical environments. Two approaches are taken to build the sound scene database in the early stage of the project. The rst approach is to collect isolated sound sources of many kinds of non-speech sounds and speech sounds. The second approach is to collect impulse responses in various acoustical environments. The sound in the environments can be simulated by convolution of the isolated sound sources and impulse responses. In a later stage, the sound scene data in real acoustical environments is planned to be collected using a three dimensional microphone array. In this paper, the plan and progress of our sound scene database project are described.conference pape
Asthma management practices in adults – findings from the German Health Update (GEDA) 2010 and the German National Health Interview and Examination Survey (DEGS1) 2008–2011
No full text<p><i>Objectives</i>: In Germany, population-wide data on adherence to national asthma management guidelines are lacking, and performance measures (PM) for quality assurance in asthma care are systematically monitored for patients with German national asthma disease management program (DMP) enrollment only. We used national health survey data to assess variation in asthma care PM with respect to patient characteristics and care context, including DMP enrollment. <i>Methods</i>: Among adults 18–79 years with self-reported physician-diagnosed asthma in the past 12 months identified from a recent German National Health Interview Survey (GEDA 2010: <i>N</i> = 1096) and the German National Health interview and Examination Survey 2008–2011 (DEGS1: <i>N</i> = 333), variation in asthma care PM was analyzed using logistic regression analysis. <i>Results</i>: Overall, 38.4% (95% confidence interval: 32.5–44.6%) of adults with asthma were on current inhaled corticosteroid therapy. Regarding non-drug asthma management, low coverage was observed for inhaler technique monitoring (35.2%; 31.2–39.3%) and for provision of an asthma management plan (27.3%; 24.2–30.7%), particularly among those with low education. Specific PM were more complete among persons with than without asthma DMP enrollment (adjusted odds ratios ranging up to 10.19; 5.23–19.86), even if asthma patients were regularly followed in a different care context. <i>Conclusions</i>: Guideline adherence appears to be suboptimal, particularly with respect to PM related to patient counseling. Barriers to the translation of recommendations into practice need to be identified and continuous monitoring of asthma care PM at the population level needs to be established.</p
Chemical processing and properties of functional ceramics
Get PDFFunctional ceramic films have been receiving great attention because of their potentials for emerging applications, which include integrated sensors, actuators and other devices responding to magnetic, electric, optic and stress fields. Many methods, such as liquid phase epitaxial growth, chemical vapor deposition, melocular beam epitaxial growth, sputtering, lase ablation and chemical solution deposition, have been develped to fabricate thin films with desired properties. Among these methods, the chemical solution deposition method has the advantages of good homogeneity, ease of compositional control, low temperature processing, and large area and versatile csaping with integrated functionalities over vacuum deposition techniques. This paper reviews a part of the authors' results on the chemical processing of some epitaxial ferroelectric, pyroelectirc, and piezoelectric films as well as nonlinear opic films. In addition, the processing and properties of nano-sized functional ceramic perticles/organic hybrids is presented as an examples of novel and promising materials, which are expected to create a emerging area.journal articl
