発展途上諸国の経済発展戦略の比較研究

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Das Beispiel des Übungsstoff des Seniorensport in Deutschland als Lebenszeit

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50m running with shoes and barefoot : from the viewpoint of running time, running velocity and swing-back velocity of driving leg immediately before foot contact on the ground

ホームページによると,小学生の50m走では,靴を履いて走るよりも裸足で走る方が速かったという報告がある.また,世界のトップスプリンターを対象とした研究では,脚の接地直前最大振り下ろし速度と走速度に相関があると報告されている.本研究では,靴を履いて走った50m走と裸足の50m走について,ランニングタイム,走速度,そして脚の接地直前最大振り下ろし速度の観点から検討した.68名の小学生を対象とした50m走の実験で,裸足で走った方が靴を履くよりも速い結果を得た(p=.000).12名の男子と12名の女子の計24名の中学生と高校生の陸上競技部員を対象とした50m走の実験で,被験者はそれぞれ裸足で,靴を履いて,そしてスパイクを履いて3回ずつ走り,その30m付近の走動作がNAC社製のハイ・スピード・ビデオカメラで撮影された.撮影された各被験者の裸足,靴を履いて,スパイクを履いて走った50m走の最高タイムの走動作が新大阪商会製の動作解析ソフトウエアDYNASで解析された.分析の結果,裸足で走る50m走のタイム (p=.011) と走速度 (p=.006) は,靴を履いた50m走よりも速かった.また,裸足のランニングは,靴を履いたランニングよりも脚の振り下ろし速度が速くなることが示唆された (p=.006).In the previous study in a website, students in elementary school ran 50m faster barefoot than with shoes. The relation was shown the swing-back velocity of the driving leg and the sprint velocity in the world-class sprinter. The purpose of this study was to examine the 50m running with shoes and barefoot from the viewpoint of running time, running velocity and swing-back velocity of driving leg immediately before foot contact on the ground. In the experiment with 68 students in the elementary school, it was shown that the 50m running time barefoot was faster than with shoes (p=.000). In another experiment the subjects were 24 track-and-field athletes, 12 girls and 12 boys in junior and senior high school, the running motion at the 30m surrounding in 50m running of athletes who ran each 3 times barefoot, with spikes and running shoes were filmed with high-speed video camera by NAC. The VTR of the each fastest running barefoot, with spikes and running shoes in all subjects were analyzed with motion analysis software DYNAS by Shin Osaka Shokai Co. Ltd. It was shown that the 50m running time (p=.011) and running velocity (p=.031) barefoot was faster than with shoes. It was suggested that the running barefoot increases the swing-back velocity of driving leg than with running shoes (p=.006).application/pdfdepartmental bulletin pape

The Transition and Evaluation of Physical Fitness of Students at D. University which were measured with Track & Field events

文部科学省の調査によると,日本人青少年の体力や運動能力は低下傾向にあると報告されている.D大学では,体育の実技系科目に陸上競技種目を教材としたアスレチックスと,体力や運動能力トレーニングとその評価をテーマにしたフィットネスの授業を提供している.本研究では,1991年以降にこれら2つの種目を受講した学生の測定結果を,SPSSを用いて分析し,検討した.その結果,D大学生の投能力が経年的に低下傾向にあることが明らかになった.投能力は,近年の青少年の体力や運動能力低下の要素の中でも,とりわけ顕著に低下傾向が見られる運動能力である.児童期の投能力の低下がそのまま大学生になっても改善されていないことが示唆された.今後も継続して,陸上競技種目による運動能力の把握をするとともに,投能力低下の原因を探り,あわせて投能力低下が,私たち人間の変化の何らかの現象としてあらわれているのかについても検討を加えたい.また,今後も継続して記録を測定し,大学の実技系体育科目についても検討したい.Physical Fitness of children and students has weakened according to survey of Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. Track & Field, and Fitness Training as Subject were offered in D. University. In this study physical fitness of students at D. University were evaluated by data which were measured from 1991 in the classes of the two subjects (Athletics and Fitness). It is suggested that the throwing ability of students weakened at D. University, and the weakened throwing ability in childhood did not improve ever after. I will study following theme hereafter. 1) The background of weakened throwing ability. 2) Throwing movement and humanity. 3) The significance of physical education in University.application/pdfdepartmental bulletin pape

Neesima and Doshisha : contribution to modern physical education in Japan

日本の近代体育の授業は1878年設立の体操伝習所ではなく,新島襄が創立した同志社で1876年に行われた.その源流は,彼が1867から在籍し卒業したアメリカ初の体育学科と体育館を創設したアーモスト大学の学生の健康を目的とした体育の授業である.我が国の体育の教授法の研究と体育教員の養成を目的とした体操伝習所の指導者として、アーモスト大学のリーランドを招聘したのは、新島が案内した岩倉具視使節団のアーモスト大学訪問がきっかけであった.Doshisha was the first in Japan to give the modern physical education class in 1876. It was 2 years prior to the foundation of Taiso Denshusho. The class has its source from Amherst College; the first college in USA that established department of hygiene and physical education and also the first to build a college gymnasium. Neesima attended the physical education class at Amherst College during his stay from 1867 to1870. In 1878, Dr. G.A.Leland at Amherst College was invited to establish Taiso Denshusho in Japan. The purpose was to study the method of physical education teaching and educating teachers. Neesima guided Iwakura Mission visiting Amherst College and lead the way for the establishment.application/pdfdepartmental bulletin pape

Digital Database of the Practice From in the Sport and Motion

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A Study to Explore the Possibility of Digital Training Diary Using Moving Images to Recognize Ones Own Sense for Better Performance

本研究では、動画を用いたデジタルトレーニング日記が、パフォーマンス向上に役立つ可能性について検討した。その結果、デジタルトレーニング日記は運動技術改善によるパフォーマンス向上に貢献しうる可能性が示唆された。デジタルトレーニング日記の長所は、2つの異なる動画を同時に任意のタイミングで観察できることである。それによって、運動学習者は自分と他者の運動技術の違いを理解しやすくなる。デジタルトレーニング日記が、さらに、パフォーマンス向上に寄与するためには、研究者のためではなく、選手や運動学習者のニーズに応じたソフトウエアの改善が示唆された。とりわけ、動画をより容易に高画質でコンピュータに取り込めること、機能を限定してユーザフレンドリーなソフトウエアに改善することである。たとえば、ソフトウエア上で動画に自由に図や文字の書き込みができること、動画の背景を消して運動だけが画面に現れること、2つの動画をより鮮明にオーバーレイできることなどである。In this study, a digital training diary with moving images was attempted to recognize own sense for better performance. It was suggested that the subject's better performance result from recognizing ones own sense using the digital training diary, and not from the base of muscle strength. Merits using digital training diary will hereinafter be described in details. Subject will view 2 ad-lib moving images in parallel; one is what subject wants to achieve, and the other is such as subjects actual images for comparison. Therefore it will enable the subjects to recognize their own technique in details. Especially own technique will be understood visually by moving images. The required improvements of the software will be mentioned hereinafter. Software for digital training diary needs to be customized specially for athletes, not for scientist to analyze. In particular, it should be developed to record moving images to computer easily, with high quality images, and user friendly by limited function; for example to import the moving images, to show ad-lib moving images, to draw free figures on the moving images, to cut the background from the moving images, to overlay the moving images and to save data.研究(Research Work)application/pdfdepartmental bulletin pape

Survey on the Self-Awareness of Senior Citizens regarding Health and Physical Fitness

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SBML Level 3: an extensible format for the exchange and reuse of biological models

Abstract Systems biology has experienced dramatic growth in the number, size, and complexity of computational models. To reproduce simulation results and reuse models, researchers must exchange unambiguous model descriptions. We review the latest edition of the Systems Biology Markup Language (SBML), a format designed for this purpose. A community of modelers and software authors developed SBML Level 3 over the past decade. Its modular form consists of a core suited to representing reaction‐based models and packages that extend the core with features suited to other model types including constraint‐based models, reaction‐diffusion models, logical network models, and rule‐based models. The format leverages two decades of SBML and a rich software ecosystem that transformed how systems biologists build and interact with models. More recently, the rise of multiscale models of whole cells and organs, and new data sources such as single‐cell measurements and live imaging, has precipitated new ways of integrating data with models. We provide our perspectives on the challenges presented by these developments and how SBML Level 3 provides the foundation needed to support this evolution

SBML Level 3: an extensible format for the exchange and reuse of biological models

Systems biology has experienced dramatic growth in the number, size, and complexity of computational models. To reproduce simulation results and reuse models, researchers must exchange unambiguous model descriptions. We review the latest edition of the Systems Biology Markup Language (SBML), a format designed for this purpose. A community of modelers and software authors developed SBML Level 3 over the past decade. Its modular form consists of a core suited to representing reaction-based models and packages that extend the core with features suited to other model types including constraint-based models, reaction-diffusion models, logical network models, and rule-based models. The format leverages two decades of SBML and a rich software ecosystem that transformed how systems biologists build and interact with models. More recently, the rise of multiscale models of whole cells and organs, and new data sources such as single-cell measurements and live imaging, has precipitated new ways of integrating data with models. We provide our perspectives on the challenges presented by these developments and how SBML Level 3 provides the foundation needed to support this evolution.journal articl