The Distribution of Toxic Bhentik Dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus SP. Prorocentrum SP and Ostreopsis SP on Sargassum SP in the Coastal of Sungai Nipah, Pesisir Selatan Regency, West Sumatra Province

Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP), can be caused by ciguatoxin from groups such as the bhentic dinoflagellate of Gambierdiscus sp., Ostreopsis sp., and Prorocentrum sp.,the bhentic dinoflagellates potentially toxic. In addition as bhentic organisms these three bhenthic dinoflagellates also found associated with brown algae, red algae, coral fragments and also attached on seaweed . Research on the distribution of the toxic dinoflagellate benthic Sargassum sp in the coastal waters of Sungai Nipah Beach of Pesisir Selatan Regency of West Sumatra Province was conducted in April 2014 with the to analyze the abundance and distribution of benthic dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus sp. Ostreopsis sp Prorocentrum sp. The study was conducted by taking a substrate attachment of benthic dinoflagellates from the seaweed, and then put them in a plastic screen of sea water. For the releasing of the benthic dinoflagellate the process agitation and filtration were used with filter of 250μm and 20μm. The samples observed by using microscope and Sedgwick Rafter Cell. The highest abundance was found at stations with high density (45.85 cells/gram). The research showed that the abundance and distribution of toxic dinoflagellate types of seaweed in coastal waters in Sungai Nipah was more influenced by local currents

The Community Structure of Macrozoobenthos in Intertidal Zone of Topang Island Meranti Islands Regency Riau Province

This research was conducted in December 2013 in the intertidal zone of Topang Island of Meranti Islands regency in Riau Province. This study aims was to determine the community structure of the intertidal zone macrozoobenthos in Topang Island. The method used was a survey to determine the location of the study which consisted of 7 and 3 point sampling station. Macrozoobenthos samples were taken and analyzed in a laboratory of marine biology.The result showed that, the macrozoobenthos in the study site consisted of 18 species belonging to 4 classes. Macrozoobenthos density in the study area varies where the station the highest was of stastion two (II), and the lowest at station VI. Based on the value of diversity index (H ') macrozoobenthos in the study area were at moderate meaning no dominant species and the distribution was at uniformity

The Unit Price Implication of Reinforcement Usage in Tie Beam Reinforced Concrete Construction

The construction cost as one of the most important project resources should be planned and use efficiently. Cost estimation can be analysed using standard of unit price analysis according to Indonesian National Standard (SNI 7394:2008). Related to unit price analysis for tie beam reinforced concrete, the standard mentioned a specific analysis that combine all materials requirement include reinforcement (unit price analysis No. 6.29). In such analysis, reinforcement requirement is stated as much as 200 kg/m3 of concrete. Considering the diversity of dimension design of building structure caused by geographical location and building function, a further study required to response these problems. This research is aimed to provide information to what extent the unit price analysis related to tie beam reinforced concrete can be enforced in cost estimating. Research process initiated with secondary data collection to building construction located in zone 10 and 15 based on earthquake zone map (SNI 1726:2012) in Province of Aceh. The results of analysis informed that the ratio of reinforcement requirement of tie beam in zone 10 is 198.03 kg/m3 to 217.26 kg/m3 of concrete with average ratio 209.83 kg/m3. For zone 15, reinforcement requirement ratio is 203.76 kg/m3 to 233.83 kg/m3 of concrete with average ratio 215.17 kg/m3. The Potential inaccurate of cost estimation appears in the two review zones. Such inaccuracies may have an impact on the insufficient costs for the work. Thus, the use of the standard unit price analysis needs further assessment for proper application

Ultrasonication: An effective pre-treatment method for extracting lipid from Salvinia molesta for biodiesel production

Biodiesel is considered as one of the promising alternative fuels for diesel engines due its renewability and environment friendly nature. As the process of lipid extraction from the biomass consumes about 90% of the total energy spent for biodiesel production, an efficient and economic method is very important. The amount of lipid extracted from the biomass could be increased if it is pre-treated before the extraction process. This work was an attempt to compare the various pre-treatment methods before extracting lipids from dried Salvinia molesta (aquatic weed), such as autoclaving, microwaving, ultrasonication, sand, and glass grinding. After each pre-treatment method, Bligh and Dyer's method was used to measure the total lipid content in percentage dry weight (% dwt), which was then compared with the untreated S. molesta. It was found experimentally that the lipid yield was 19.97% dwt for ultrasonication > 16.60% dwt for microwaving > 16.46% dwt for glass grinding >16.26% dwt for sand grindin, > 15.72% dwt for autoclaving > 15.36% dwt for untreated. The one-way ANOVA with Tukey's test was then used to validate the experimental results and showed that ultrasonication method of pre-treatment was the most efficient and had resulted in the highest lipid yield among all the methods used which was followed by the microwaving method

Factors Causing Rework at Building Construction in the Department of Highways and Settlements of Aceh Province

The operation of a building construction project should be carried out through aspecific management system. Construction project must also have a definite schedule and implementation plan. The general impact that would occur if the construction is not accordance with the schedule and plan is that the delays in project realization which would increase the cost of implementation. One of the factors causing such delays is due to the reworking activities on one or more items of the construction process. The purpose of this study is to determine the factors that cause rework on the building construction projects in the Department of Highways and Settlements in Aceh Province. The research methodology is descriptive qualitative to descriptive quantitative that explains the processed data based on the calculation of numbers. The instrument of this research was a questionnaire that asked to 55 respondents, consisting of 16 project owners, 23 contractors and 16 supervising consultants. This study was conducted to see the main factors of the rework on building construction projects. The results showed that a major cause of the rework in termof design and documentation was the unclear detail and the changed design; in term of managerial factors is lack of control of the project owner; and materials arrived late and the lack of working experience were major causes of rework in term of resource factors. It is recommended to the Highways Agency and Human Settlements in Aceh Province to tighten control over the project consultants and contractors to pay attention to the managerial problems and procurement of materials in accordance with schedule and work volum

Pengendalian Gulma Pada Berbagai Taraf Pemupukan Nitrogen Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Tanaman Kentang (Solanum Tuberosum L.)

Peningkatan produksi kentang di Indonesia perlu dilakukan. Peningkatan produksi dapat dilakukan dengan menambahkan unsur hara melalui pemupukan nitrogen dan melakukan metode pengendalian gulma yang tepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan dosis pupuk nitrogen pada kompetisi dengan gulma sehingga dapat mengetahui waktu yang tepat dalam mengendalikan gulma dan pengaruh terhadap hasil kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.). Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei-September 2013, di Desa Sumberbrantas, Kec. Bumiaji, Kota Batu. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan perlakuan pengendalian gulma (G) dan pemupukan nitrogen (P). Herbisida pra tumbuh oksifluorfen efektif dalam menurunkan pertumbuhan gulma dari 0-49 hst. Herbisida pra tumbuh oksifluorfen tidak berbeda secara nyata apabila dibandingkan dengan perlakuan bebas gulma (pengendalian gulma tujuh hari sekali sampai panen). Herbisida pra tumbuh oksifluorfen dapat menurunkan pertumbuhan gulma sampai 74.28% apabila dibandingkan dengan pengendalian gulma pada umur 21 dan 49 hst. Herbisida pra tumbuh oksifluorfen + N 130 kg ha-1 menunjukkan rata-rata lebih tinggi 20.98% dan 13.73%, dibandingkan dengan perlakuan bebas gulma (pengendalian gulma tujuh hari sekali sampai panen) + N 130 kg ha-1 pada parameter jumlah daun dan luas daun. Perlakuan herbisida pra tumbuh oksifluorfen + N 130 kg ha-1 dan pengendalian gulma pada umur 21 dan 49 hst + N 130 kg ha-1 menghasilkan produksi per hektar yang lebih tinggi yaitu sebesar 1498,93 kg ha-1 dan 1387.37 kg ha-1. Penambahan pupuk nitrogen sebesar 130 kg ha-1 merupakan perlakuan yang dapat meningkatkan hasil kentang

A Survey on Load Balancing in Cloud Computing Using Optimization Technique

The main goal of this work is to create a system that uses the improved Ant Colony and Artificial Bee Colony (AB) algorithm to provide load balancing for the cloud computing technology. This algorithm is a combination of Ant colony algorithm and Artificial Bee colony algorithm. It will improve the existing AB algorithm. There are certain limitations in the existing algorithm. This algorithm will overcome those limitations and provide good optimal solution for effective load balancing

Pemberian Dolomit Pada Kultur Daphnia Spp. Sistem Daily Feeding Pada Populasi Daphnia Spp. Dan Kestabilan Kualitas Air [Dolomite Added at Culture of Daphnia Spp. Daily Feeding System at Daphnia Spp. Population and Water Quality Stability].

Daphnia spp. was potential source of live feed to be developed for larvae of freshwater fish. One of maximize culture technology was daily feeding system with rice bran solution. This system able to increase Daphnia spp. population. The problem of daily feeding culture technology was water quality stability, such as high pH fluctuation and high ammonia concentration. Water pH stability and decrease of ammonia concentration could be increased by dolomite added which function as stabilize pH buffer. The aim of this research found out the dolomite dose and culture period that able to increase population and stabilize of water quality. Experimental design was Completely Random Design with 4 replicates those were A control (0 mg/l), B (50 mg/l), C (100 mg/l), D (150 mg/l), E (200 mg/l) and F (250 mg/l). Parameter that measured were Daphnia spp. population and water quality, such as temperature, pH, ammonia, dissolve oxygen and alkalinity. The data were examined using ANAVA(Analysis of Variance) to know treatment effect and be continued by Duncan Multiple Range with trust of degree 0,05. for water stability using descriptif methode. Result of analysis showed that high population for all treatment were held on 6th, 7th and 8th day with the highest Daphnia spp. population was held on 8th day by F treatment (250 mg/l) were 9900 Daphnia spp./l. Water quality data showed different between each treatment