Bed Bath Practices Among Nurses Towards the Patients Admitted in Critical Care Units: The Role of Care Complexity

Introduction: Every day bed-bath are normally accommodated most basically sick patients to improve their cleanliness, advance solace and improve wellbeing results. Fundamentally sick patients are at more serious hazard for skin colonization and contamination with multidrug-resistance pathogenic organisms. Hence, it is imperative to furnish basically sick patient with powerful close to home cleanliness particularly bed-bath as poor cleanliness may expand the danger of contamination. Methodology: quantitative observational descriptive study design was used to assess the nurses’ practices regarding bed-bath of critically ill patients. In order to assess nurses practiced, data was collected through the standardized checklist regarding bed bath. The check consists of 51 items. Results: The findings of this study revealed that there is poor practices of nurses regarding bed bath of critically ill patients. Conclusion: This study has described an important basic nursing care that is bed-bath practice in critically ill patient. Although, bed-bath is a routine nursing procedure, critical care nurses in the current study had poor skills and practices regarding it. This study has implications for clinical practice and nursing research. Bed-bath is a routine nursing care; many nurses understand that bathing is just for cleaning. Therefore, Inservice training program should be conducted Keywords: bed bath, practice, critical, patient. DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/95-02 Publication date: November 30th 202

The effect of Leadership Support on Research Motivation: The Gendered Role of Teaching Workload and Self-efficacy in Motivating Researchers

This study intends to explore the gendered moderating effects of supportive leadership on research motivation mediated by teaching workload and self-efficacy. The sample of study consisted of 204 randomly selected teachers of university of Sargodha. The participants were from different departments and working at different levels from lecturer to professor. A Likert type questionnaire was developed as research instruments to measure supportive leadership, research self-efficacy beliefs, teaching workload perceptions and research motivation. Expert consultation was sought about the instrument to check the validity to improve the instrument. Reliability of the instrument was established through Cronbach alpha coefficient which ranged from 0.79 to 0.91. Data was analyzed through SPSS Process Macro mediation model 4 and moderated mediation model 58 (Hayes, 2017). Result revealed positive correlation among supportive leadership, research motivation; research self-efficacy and teaching workload of university teachers. Teachers were working with less supportive leaders and moderate workload. Their belief about their self-efficacy was not very strong and were moderately motivated. The results indicated significant indirect effect of leadership support and research motivation through workload, which indicated partial mediation of workload as mediator. The results also showed insignificant indirect effect of supportive leadership and research motivation through self-efficacy which indicated full mediation of self-efficacy as mediator.  According to conditional effects there was less association between leadership support and workload of males relative to females. Workload was found to moderate the effect of leadership support and research motivation for females as opposed to males and the overall moderated mediation model was supported.  According to conditional effects there was a strong association between leadership support and self-efficacy for both males and females. Self-efficacy was found to mediate the effect of leadership support and research motivation for both females and males but the effect size was greater for females. It is submitted that heads need to improve their supportive leadership role for building a healthy research culture and for improving teachers’ research self-efficacy and increasing their confidence to be competent and motivated researchers. &nbsp

A Study Of Path-Goal Relations Between Leaders Of College Principals And Their Subordinates In Pakistan

This study was designed to investigate the relationship among leadership behavior of degree college principals, selected organizational and personal characteristics, and faculty job satisfaction, acceptance of leader and job expectancies. The moderators included task structure, role ambiguity, stress, need for autonomy, need for achievement, perception about ability and locus of control. Responses were received from 854 college faculty members. Correlation analysis indicated that leadership styles were positively related to job expectancies and negatively related to acceptance of leader and job satisfaction. There were no differences between male and female respondents on any dependent measure. Majority was satisfied with their work on the job, supervision, coworkers and job in general and were dissatisfied with their pay and the promotion policy. Regression analysis indicated that only experience and length of service under current principal had significant affect on acceptance and satisfaction

The Role of Critical Thinking in Mediating the Association between Instructional Practices and Academic Achievement

Critical thinking is recognized as a blend of basic life skills and dispositions which are closely related to other academic and professional attributes like collaboration, metacognition, motivation, creativity, and academic achievement. Previous research revealed that particular instructional practices have been more effective in development of critical thinking skills among students. A survey of 173 undergraduate university students was conducted to find out the relationships between interactive instructional practices employed by teachers to promote critical thinking among students and improve their academic achievement. This study also explored mediation effect of critical thinking skills and critical thinking dispositions in the relationship between instructional practices of university faculty and academic achievement of higher education students. Results showed a positive and significant correlation among the study variables. Findings also discovered that critical thinking skills were partially mediating the relationship between interactive instructional practice and academic achievement while mediating effect of critical thinking dispositions was found non-significant.    &nbsp

Attitudes Toward Science Among School Students Of Different Nations: A Review Study

This review examines the effects of nationality on attitudes of students to study science. It compares data from many countries published in refereed research journals, research reports, book chapters, and conference papers. The main aim is to identify the commonalities and variations in the students’ attitudes with particular focus on students from developing and developed countries. The search of bibliographical databases yielded a lot of researches. After title and abstract screening and after eliminating duplicates and applying inclusion criteria, this search ended up to include 15. Findings make it clear that students in different parts of the world develop differing attitudes toward science. It is observed that students are positive internationally; however, students in developing countries are more positive than the students in rich and developed countries, especially in Japan and Korea. Biology is most favourite, particularly of girls, whereas boys favour physics. It is also felt that comparing available attitude data is not simple and must be done with caution

An Investigation Of Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety And Its Relationship With Students Achievement

The present study examines anxiety in English undergraduate classes with regard to the type of situations that provoke anxiety during different stages of the learning process and the relationship of anxiety with learners’ achievement. Participants of the study include 149 undergraduates enrolled in second and sixth semester of different departments of University of Sargodha who are learning English as a foreign language. The questionnaire used in this study is the abbreviated form of Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS). An inventory is also used to determine different situations that provoke anxiety. Finally, students’ GPA in English classes is taken to find its relationship with language anxiety. The results show that language anxiety and achievement are negatively related to each other. It is also found that female students are lessanxious in learning English as a foreign language than male students. ‘Speaking in front of others’ is rated as the biggest cause of anxiety followed by ‘worries about grammatical mistakes’, ‘pronunciation’ and ‘being unable to talk spontaneously’. It is suggested that the classroom environment should be encouraging and motivating. Moreover, teachers need to deal with anxiety-provoking situations carefully

Theoretical mechanistic investigation of zinc(ii) catalyzed oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes and esters

The mechanism of the Zn(II) catalyzed oxidation of benzylic alcohol to benzaldehyde and ester by H2O2 oxidant was investigated through density functional theory methods and compared with the similar oxidation mechanisms of other late transition metals. Both inner sphere and intermediate sphere mechanisms have been analyzed in the presence and absence of pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (ligand). An intermediate sphere mechanism involving the transfer of hydrogen from alcohol to H2O2 was found to be preferred over the competitive inner sphere mechanism involving β-hydride elimination. Kinetic barriers associated with the intermediate sphere mechanism are consistent with the experimental observations, suggesting that the intermediate sphere mechanism is a plausible mechanism under these reaction conditions. The oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes (first step) is kinetically more demanding than the oxidation of hemiacetals to esters (second step). Changing the oxidant to tert-butyl hydrogen peroxide (TBHP) increases the activation barrier for the oxidation of alcohol to aldehyde by 0.4 kcal mol−1, but decreases the activation barrier by 3.24 kcal mol−1 for oxidation of hemiacetal to ester. Replacement of zinc bromide with zinc iodide causes the second step to be more demanding than the first step. Pyridine-2-carboxylic acid ligand remarkably decreases the activation barriers for the intermediate sphere pathway, whereas a less pronounced inverse effect is estimated for the inner sphere mechanism

Mechanistic insight of TiCl4catalyzed formal [3 + 3] cyclization of 1,3-bis(silyl enol ethers) with 1,3-dielectrophiles

The mechanism of TiCl4 mediated formal [3 + 3] cyclization of 1,3-bis(silyl enol ethers) with 1,3-dielectrophiles is studied at the B3LYP level of density functional theory (DFT) to rationalize the experimental regioselectivity. Methyl and trifluoromethyl substituted 1,3 dielectrophiles are studied theoretically since they show different regioselectivities. Two different mechanisms involving 1,2 and 1,4 addition of 1,3-bis(silyl enol ethers) on 1,3-dielectrophiles are studied for each dienophile. The intramolecular transition metal catalyzed and non-catalyzed dynamic shift of the silyl moiety is also studied. The structure of the 1,3 dienophile and the associated Mulliken charges are the driving forces for different regioselectivities in methyl and trifluoromethyl dienophiles

Additional file 1 of Genome-wide identification of CCO gene family in cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and its comparative analysis with A. thaliana

Additional file 1