Rancang Bangun Konverter Biogas untuk Motor Bensin Silinder Tunggal

The need for energy continues to increase along with the increase of population in Indonesia. This is in contrast with the fact that the main oil energy source is reducing day by. To overcome this problem renewableenergy sources such as biogas becomes very important. Methane content in the biogas ranged between 60-65 %, where the value is large enough to be used as an energy source replacement of gasoline. The purpose of this study is to design a converter that is capable to perform biogas and air mixing for optimum use of biogas in gasoline engine. The main parts of biogas converter are the venturi, choke valves , throttle valves, as well as the coupler to the engine. Testing was done by applying converter on a gasoline engine with biogas fuel. Engine performance was tested using a dynamometer and the results are compared with the performance of the motor using gasoline fuel. Test results show that the optimal power is achieved at 0979 kW at 3146 rpm and a torque of 4.3 Nm, while the motor power with gasoline kW and a torque of 1.86 Nm at 6:21

Pengembangan Metoda Deteksi Rintangan untuk Traktor tanpa Awak Menggunakan Kamera CCD

For unmanned tractor guided by global positioning system, ability for eluding obstacles such as trees, big stone, cavity, bund, people, and other objects in the work area is very important in order not to stop the operation.Surrounding detection system using CCD camera makes it possible for unmanned tractor to detect obstacles in front of it realtime. However, with so many different objects that may captured by the camera, it will need a lot of image processing steps that takes a lot of time so it is no longer suitable for realtime detection in application. The proposed research is aimed to develop a simpler obstacle detection method by adding a red laser pointer to the CCD camera used to capture scene in front of the tractor. The red laser light that reflected by an obstacle gives an important information in the image, and the distance of the obstacle could be calculated based on phytagoras theory. The results showed that all obstacles with 1 m distance, 80% obstacles with 2 m distance, and 40% obstacles with 3 m distance could be detected. Obstacles with more than 3 m distances could not be detected due to weak laser light for the distances. The accuracy of distance prediction for all situation is 67.5%, which is still need improvements

Desain dan Pengujian Mesin Sortasi Telur Ayam

Based on Indonesian National Standard (SNI) No 3926:2008, egg weight is classified into three classifications: small (<50 g), medium (50-60 g), and large (>60 g). Nowadays egg grading process in Indonesia was still done manually. The objective of this research was for designing, constructing, and performance testing of egg sorting machine. The machine testing includes performance accuracy, machine capacity, and egg crack of the sorting result. The egg sorting machine consisted of five main parts: conveyor system, steering conveyor system, sorting conveyor system, and exit conveyor system. Test result showed that the machine could sort the egg with accuracy of 83 % without any cracking in eggshell. The machine capacity was most affected by the speed of sorting conveyor system. The variables which influence the speed of sorting conveyor system were initial speed rotation (Na), work speed rotation (Nb), and length of the track on initial speed rotation path (L). The maximum machine capacity was 61 eggs per minute and obtained by configuration of Na, Nb, and L of 15.5 rpm, 24.5 rpm, and 6 cm respectively

Analisis Gaya Spesifik Pemotongan Sabut Kelapa Muda (Cocos Nucifera)

To design a young coconut trimming machine, it's important to analyze the cutting mechanism of young coconut husk. The aim of this study were to analyze the cutting mechanism of young coconut husk and generate mathematical model of specific cutting force. Sharpening angle, cutting angle and sharpened knife were optimized to get the lowest cutting force. Mathematical model has been generated to estimate the maximum cutting force for one side sharpened knife and two side sharpened knife with cutting angle (θ) at 0Oand above 0O. Based on the analysis of this study, the type of knife that require the lowest cutting force is two side sharpened knife with sharpening angle (β) = 10O and cutting angle (θ)= 30O

Kinerja Mesin Pemisah Potongan Tangkai dan Daun Teh

The quality of dried tea depends on the condition of raw materials and processing methods. The problem in the tea processing is the mixture of pieces of stalks and leaves. This research aims to examine the performance of stalks and leaves machine separator based on the difference of suction velocity and the terminal velocity of the material. The separator was designed according to the physical and aerodynamic properties of tea leaves. The performance of the separator was done by calculating the separating efficiency of five combined treatments (P, P1a, P1b, P0a, and P0b) and calculating the separating capacity with three feeding treatments (0.4 kg/sec, 0.5 kg/sec, and 0.6 kg/sec). Physical property observation of the tea leaves obtained an average mass 0.143 kg/m² which means the theoretical suction pressure needed is about 1.4 Pa. The actual terminal velocity measured as 7.5 m/sec for the stalk pieces and 3.0 m/sec for the leaf pieces. The optimum separating efficiency was obtained at P treatment, it was about 97.6 %, with average suction ir velocity 3.15 m/s. Optimum separating capacity was obtained about 354.29 kg/hour

Desain Konseptual Penangkap Tandan Buah Sawit dan Pemanfaatan Energi Potensialnya

In oil palm harvesting, falling fruit bunches have a considerable potential energy, which can be captured and used to power the wheelbarrow in evacuating the fruit bunches. This study was conducted to measurethe engineering characteristics of fruit bunches harvesting, determine the best fruit bunches catchment platform material, analyze the potential energy of falling fresh fruit bunch, and design a conceptual designof the catchment platform and evacuation machine. Measurements of the characteristics of the harvesting were done in an oil palm plantation. Four types of fruit catchment platform materials were tested, namely:steel plate, wood board, expanded steel plate and rubber sheet. The results showed that, bunches fell at a distance between 0.6 m to 1.4 m from the tree. Fruit bunches weight was in the range of 16 kg to 32 kg.The rubber catchment platform was superior to the other materials in reducing the scattered loose fruits and bruised fruits. Potential energy of falling fruit bunches were in the range of 0.44-4.44 kJ. Theoreticaltraveling distance of the wheel barrow powered by the captured potential energy was in the range of 2.27 m - 22.98 m. Based on the data obtained, a conceptual design of catchment platform and evacuation machinewas designed

RANCANG BANGGUN ALAT DETEKSI RINTANGAN PADA LINTASAN KERJA TRAKTOR BERBASIS PENGOLAHAN CITRA

Sensor deteksi rintangan (obstacle detection sensor) merupakan komponen yang penting dalam pengembangan traktor otomatis (autonomous tractor) dalam rangka mengenal lingkungannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan membuat alat deteksi rintangan pada lintasan outdoor traktor berbasis pengolahan citra. Tahapan penelitian ini meliputi penelitian pendahuluan, perancangan alat, pembuatan alat, dan uji fungsional alat. Alat ini menggunakan kamera CCD sebagai sensor utama dan dilengkapai pointer laser. Pada penelitian pendahuluan diperoleh spesifikasi komponen alat yang digunakan yaitu pointer laser berjumlah enam buah dengan sinar laser berwarna merah yang berupa visible light dengan panjang gelombang 650 nm dengan daya < 5mWatt. Kamera perekam yang digunakan  merupakan jenis kamera CCD color dengan resolusi 640 x 480 dan FL 60 mm. Secara keseluruhan alat deteksi rintangan mempunyai konsistensi penyinaran diatas 85%. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa alat ini mampu digunakan sebagai alat deteksi rintangan pada lintasan outdoor traktor

Karakteristik Fisik dan Mekanik Kemiri (Aleurites Moluccana Wild.)

It is very important to know the characteristics of candle nut before designing nut-deshelling machine. This study was conducted to investigate physical and mechanical characteristics of candle nut before analyzing the impact force on the de-shelling process. The result showed that average diameter of candle nut at intercept A (length), B (width) and C (thickness) were 32.55 mm, 29.05 mm and 23.23 mm respectively. The average value of sphericity and roundness of candle nut were 0.86 and 0.65 respectively. At high moisturecontent candle nut had a greater value of compressive strength and resulted a sticky kernel in the shell. Candle nut had 4.96% db moisture content after dried at sun drying for 20 hours. The value of compressive strength from the maximum load during a compression test (rupture force) of candle nut at this moisture content were 1,208 N, 1,198 N and 1,950 N for intercept A, B and C respectively

METODE DAKWAH MURSYID TAREKAT QADIRIAH WA NAQSYABANDIYAH DI MASYARAKAT DESA TELUK NIBUNG, KECAMATAN PULAU BURUNG, INDRAGIRI HILIR, RIAU

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh tingginya minat masyarakat dalam mengikuti ibadah yang diajarkan di dalam tarekat dan masih terdapat berbagai kalangan yang belum mengetahui dan memahami apa makna, kegiatan, tujuan, aktivitas serta sejarah dari awal berkembangnya majelis tarekat. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada tarekat Qadiriyah wa Naqsyabandiyah di desa Teluk Nibung. Penelitian ini berjenis deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa mursyid pada setiap aktivitas dakwahnya menggunakan metode dakwah yang ada di dalam Al-Qur’an. Pertama Al-Hikmah, Kedua, Mau’idzah Hasanah dan yang ketiga Mujadallah. Dari ketiga metode yang digunakan oleh mursyid metode dakwah yang lebih banyak digunakan sehingga masyarakat tertarik pada tarekat ini adalah Mau’idzah Hasanah, karena pada metode ini mursyid selalu memberikan nasehat serta wasiat kepada mad’u di setiap kegiatan terutama pada agenda tawajuh, menceritakan kisah guru tarekat sebagai tauladan dalam menjalankan kehidupan sehari-hari serta membimbing jemaah dalam melaksanakan ibadah, serta mempermudah masyarakat dan tidak menguras banyak waktu, tenaga dan pikiran dalam melaksanakan ibadah yang di ajarkan di dalam tarekat

Pemanfaatan Limbah Daun Kelapa Sawit sebagai Bahan Baku Pupuk Kompos

Abstrak. Limbah padat pada perkebunan kelapa sawit telah diketahui potensial sebagai bahan baku pupuk organik padat melalui proses pengomposan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan teknik dan mengkarakterisasi proses pengomposan limbah daun kelapa sawit sebagai bahan dasar pupuk organik potensial. Proses pengomposan dilakukan dengan dua faktor perlakuan, meliputi komposisi bahan katalisator kompos (Bokashi, Vermikompos dan Natural) dan ukuran cacahan daun sawit (2 cm, 4 cm 6 cm). Parameter yang diamati meliputi persentase penyusutan massa dan fluktuasi perubahan suhu selama proses pengomposan, serta pengukuran zat hara Nitrogen, Phospor, Kalium (NPK) dan rasio C/N yang terkandung pada hasil pengomposan yang diukur setelah 10 dan 14 minggu proses pengomposan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode pengomposan dengan bokashi memberikan penyusutan massa terbesar jika dibandingkan dua metode lainnya pada semua ukuran cacahan yaitu sebesar 32%. Cacahan daun sawit yang berukuran kecil cenderung memberikan proses pengomposan yang lebih cepat dan memberikan produk kompos yang lebih baik. Hasil pengukuran setelah proses pengomposan menunjukkan bahwa interaksi dua faktor perlakuan yang diberikan hanya berpengaruh signifikan pada rasio C/N dan tidak signifikan pada zat hara NPK. Utilization of Waste Palm Leaves as Raw Material Palm CompostAbstract. The use of oil palm plantation solid waste, particularly oil palm leaf as organic compost raw material are now receiving greater attention by researchers, but have not been fully utilized on large scale, either agriculturally or industrially. The aim of present study was to characterize composting process with oil palm leaf as raw material. The research of composting conducted with two combination of composting factor, namely: composting starter composition (i.e. Bokashi, vermi-compost and natural composting) and piece of frond dimension (2 cm, 4 cm, 6 cm). The percentage of mass reduction and temperature fluctuation during composting process were measured. The NPK compound and C/N ratio measurement were conducted after composting process which are 10 and 14 weeks. The result indicates that Bokashi starter composition gives higher percentage of mass reduction on all variant of piece of frond dimension. Results also showed that smaller piece of frond enable the composting process quicker and had better result. Statistical analysis reveals that combination of composting factors have significant effect on C/N ratio but insignificant on NPK