Half a century of computer methods and programs in biomedicine: A bibliometric analysis from 1970 to 2017

© 2019 Background and Objective: Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine (CMPB) is a leading international journal that presents developments about computing methods and their application in biomedical research. The journal published its first issue in 1970. In 2020, the journal celebrates the 50th anniversary. Motivated by this event, this article presents a bibliometric analysis of the publications of the journal during this period (1970–2017). Methods: The objective is to identify the leading trends occurring in the journal by analysing the most cited papers, keywords, authors, institutions and countries. For doing so, the study uses the Web of Science Core Collection database. Additionally, the work presents a graphical mapping of the bibliographic information by using the visualization of similarities (VOS) viewer software. This is done to analyze bibliographic coupling, co-citation and co-occurrence of keywords. Results: CMPB is identified as a leading and core journal for biomedical researchers. The journal is strongly connected to IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering and IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging. Paper from Wang, Jacques, Zheng (published in 1995) is its most cited document. The top author in this journal is James Geoffrey Chase and the top contributing institution is Uppsala U (Sweden). Most of the papers in CMPB are from the USA followed by the UK and Italy. China and Taiwan are the only Asian countries to appear in the top 10 publishing in CMPB. A keyword co-occurrences analysis revealed strong co-occurrences for classification, picture archiving and communication system (PACS), heart rate variability, survival analysis and simulation. Keywords analysis for the last decade revealed that machine learning for a variety of healthcare problems (including image processing and analysis) dominated other research fields in CMPB. Conclusions: It can be concluded that CMPB is a world-renowned publication outlet for biomedical researchers which has been growing in a number of publications since 1970. The analysis also conclude that the journal is very international with publications from all over the world although today European countries are the most productive ones

DEPOSITIONAL AND STRATIGRAPHIC SIGNIFICANCE OF MARINE, GREEN-CLAY, MINERAL FACIES IN THE LOWER-MIDDLE MISSISSIPPIAN BORDEN AND FORT PAYNE FORMATIONS, WESTERN APPALACHIAN AND EASTERN ILLINOIS BASINS, KENTUCKY

Detailed study of strata associated with the glauconite-rich Floyds Knob Bed in the western Appalachian and eastern Illinois basins have corroborated previous interpretations that the unit is a widespread, largely synchronous marker horizon. However, in some areas there are multiple glauconite beds; in others a distinct bed is lacking, but the glauconite is dispersed throughout many beds, forming an interval rather than a distinct bed. In Kentucky and adjacent states, the Floyds Knob interval, in upper parts of the Lower-Middle Mississippian Borden-Grainger delta sequence and in lower parts of the Fort Payne carbonate sequence, was deposited at the end of loading-type relaxation during a flexural cycle in the Neoacadian (final) tectophase of the Acadian Orogeny. Tectonic influence, combined with a major late Osagean sea-level lowstand, created conditions that generated sediment starvation and shallower seas across widespread parts of the western Appalachian and eastern Illinois basins. In the absence of major sediment influx, glauconite was deposited uniformly across many major depositional settings, ranging from delta-platform to basinal environments. Especially important, however, is the newly reported occurrence of the Floyds Knob interval in basinal Fort Payne environments from south-central Kentucky, where it is represented by a thick, pelletal, glauconite-rich horizon that separates clastics at the base of the Fort. Payne Formation from carbonates at top. The study also provides the first-ever radiometric dating of the Floyds Knob glauconites, which suggests a late Osagean origin. These results support the existing biostratigraphic studies that point to a late Osagean origin for the Floyds Knob interval

Intermittency and Self-Organisation in Turbulence and Statistical Mechanics

There is overwhelming evidence, from laboratory experiments, observations, and computational studies, that coherent structures can cause intermittent transport, dramatically enhancing transport. A proper description of this intermittent phenomenon, however, is extremely difficult, requiring a new non-perturbative theory, such as statistical description. Furthermore, multi-scale interactions are responsible for inevitably complex dynamics in strongly non-equilibrium systems, a proper understanding of which remains a main challenge in classical physics. As a remarkable consequence of multi-scale interaction, a quasi-equilibrium state (the so-called self-organisation) can however be maintained. This special issue aims to present different theories of statistical mechanics to understand this challenging multiscale problem in turbulence. The 14 contributions to this Special issue focus on the various aspects of intermittency, coherent structures, self-organisation, bifurcation and nonlocality. Given the ubiquity of turbulence, the contributions cover a broad range of systems covering laboratory fluids (channel flow, the Von Kármán flow), plasmas (magnetic fusion), laser cavity, wind turbine, air flow around a high-speed train, solar wind and industrial application

Biomedical Sensing and Imaging

This book mainly deals with recent advances in biomedical sensing and imaging. More recently, wearable/smart biosensors and devices, which facilitate diagnostics in a non-clinical setting, have become a hot topic. Combined with machine learning and artificial intelligence, they could revolutionize the biomedical diagnostic field. The aim of this book is to provide a research forum in biomedical sensing and imaging and extend the scientific frontier of this very important and significant biomedical endeavor

Treeline Responses to Climate Change in High-Elevation Landscapes of Western Montana, U.S.A.

The purpose of this research was to use whitebark pine trees at three major sites in western Montana to: (1) determine tree species response to climate, (2) reconstruct past climate conditions, (3) determine the effects of climate shifts on treeline, and (4) reconstruct fire history from fire-scar data. I collected samples from whitebark pine and subalpine fir and from remnant whitebark pine in the western Beaverhead-Deerlodge and Lolo National Forests. In the climate response analysis, the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) had the highest correlations with whitebark pine growth. The strongest relationship occurred in the previous year’s June and July. Precipitation in the previous year’s May and June was also positively related to growth. I reconstructed the previous year’s June and July PDSI at all sites using a transfer function with tree-ring indices as the independent variable. The most intense drought year since 728 occurred in 1468. The reconstruction showed no evidence of a shift in the intensity and duration of wet and drought periods between the Medieval Warm Period and Little Ice Age. To evaluate possible effects of increased global temperatures since the beginning of the 19th century on tree growth at high-elevation sites in western Montana, I established plots at 10 sites. I examined the establishment dates of all stems in each plot. Additionally, I examined the spatial relationships with establishment dates using a nearest neighbor statistic. Movement of treeline upslope was seen at the lower and upper elevation plots, while the mid-elevation plots remained stable. The greatest degree of movement (150 m) at treeline occurred in the 1980s. Fire frequency and fire seasonality varied over time, reflecting the influence of climatic conditions. I collected 26 fire-scarred samples from a single site in the Gravely Range. The reconstruction of fire history revealed that fire was most frequent at the Gravely Range site during the Medieval Warm Period, but became less frequent during the Little Ice Age. Fire could possible play a role in the stand dynamics of the whitebark pine/subalpine fir ecosystem and limit the recruitment of whitebark pine

Challenge and Research Trends of Solar Concentrators

Primary and secondary solar concentrators are of vital importance for advanced solar energy and solar laser researches. Some of the most recent developments in primary and secondary solar concentrators were firstly presented. A novel three-dimensional elliptical-shaped Fresnel lens analytical model was put forward to maximize the solar concentration ratio of Fresnel-lens-based solar concentrators. By combining a Fresnel lens with a modified parabolic mirror, significant improvement in solar laser efficiency was numerically calculated. A fixed fiber light guide system using concave outlet concentrators was proposed. The absence of a solar tracking structure highlights this research. By shaping a luminescent solar concentrators in the form of an elliptic array, its emission losses was drastically reduced. Simple conical secondary concentrator was effective for thermal applications. New progresses in solar-pumped lasers by NOVA University of Lisbon were presented. By adopting a rectangular fused silica light guide, 40 W maximum solar laser power was emitted from a single Ce:Nd:YAG rod. An aspheric fused silica secondary concentrator and a small diameter Ce:Nd:YAG rod were essential for attaining 4.5 % record solar-to-laser power conversion efficiency. A novel solar concentrator design for the efficient production of doughnut-shaped and top-hat solar laser beams were also reported. More importantly, a novel solar concentrator approach for the emission of 5 kW-class TEM00 mode solar laser beams from one megawatt solar furnace was put forward at the end of this book, revealing promising future for solar-pumped lasers

Production and Nitrogen Dynamics of a Vallisneria Americana Grass Bed in Lake Pontchartrain, Louisiana (Nitrogen Cycle, Modeling, Seagrasses, Decomposition Phenology, Vallisneria-Celery Grass-Eelgrass, Environmental Factors).

Vallisneria americana grass beds of Lake Pontchartrain contribute approximately 200 g dry weight/m(\u272)/yr primary production, a continuous release of detrital material, and rapid nutrient recycling. A harvest method was used to estimate production. The addition of litterfall to harvest production raised annual production estimates by up to 28%. When litterfall was corrected for decomposition, the production estimates were raised by up to 85% over harvest estimates alone. Litterfall and decomposition increased toward shore and occurred throughout the year providing a continuous supply of energy and nutrients. Grass bed production varied along the coastline and was greatest at mid-depths. Values of the environmental factors were most extreme near and far from shore. Severe environmental conditions are related to the patterns of biomass and production. The bell-shaped depth distribution pattern is perpetuated annually by survival of grass and by dormancy of fruit during the winter at mid-depths. The majority of fruit are produced at mid-depths where biomass and production are greatest. The surviving plants or new shoots start growing first at mid-depths, and later radiate out via the rhizome system to revegetate the entire grass bed. Although depth distribution patterns are similar along the coastline, the grass bed extends almost twice as far from shore at the control area as at the nitrogen enriched area. Water clarity was significantly greater at the control area than at the nitrogen enriched area. Light penetration may determine the compensation depth of the grass bed. Seasonal fluctuations of leaf and root and rhizome nitrogen simulated by GROW are very similar to field experimental values. GROW was most sensitive to the forcing functions light, temperature, and sediment nitrogen. GROW was validated using initial conditions from the nitrogen enriched grass bed and had correlations better than 80% between simulated and measured leaf and root and rhizome nitrogen. Once validated, GROW was run under normal and reduced light conditions. When light reaching the sediment surface was reduced by 50%, the Vallisneria leaf and root and rhizome nitrogen declined to zero within a year. This suggests that conditions that reduce water clarity could cause the loss of the grass beds

The phytochemical content and bioavailability of beetroot (Beta Vulgaris L.) and its application as a recovery intervention following strenuous exercise

Athletes and practitioners are continually looking for new strategies that could minimise the negative effects of exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) and hasten the recovery process. One strategy that has shown promise in recent years is the use of functional foods rich in phytonutrients. A functional food that has attracted a lot of attention recently, although primarily for its performance enhancing effects, is beetroot (Beta Vulgaris L.). In addition to displaying a range of physiological effects that may benefit athletic performance, beetroot also exhibits antioxidant (AOX) and anti-inflammatory effects, both of which could be of benefit for reducing secondary damage and enhancing exercise recovery. Nonetheless, the effect of beetroot on exercise recovery is yet to be systematically investigated in the literature. Thus, the overarching aim of this thesis was to test the efficacy of beetroot supplementation, in the form of beetroot juice (BTJ), as a recovery intervention following strenuous exercise. The series of investigations that set out to address this aim have led to many novel and interesting findings. To start with, study 1 was the first to show that a commercially available BTJ is a rich source of phytonutrients and therefore possesses a high AOX capacity in comparison to several other fruit and vegetable juices. Secondly, and perhaps the most novel finding in this thesis, was that BTJ showed promise as an efficacious recovery intervention following some bouts of muscle-damaging exercise. Although not a consistent finding throughout this thesis, BTJ was able to improve the recovery of dynamic muscle function and reduce muscle pain after eccentric-heavy exercise. Another important finding was that BTJ, despite being rich in AOXs, did not adversely affect the acute adaptive response to exercise, as measured by the repeated bout effect (RBE). In contrast to the findings in the earlier studies, however, BTJ was not found to be beneficial for recovery after long distance running. Importantly, the final study in this thesis provided the first evidence that BTJ is more beneficial than sodium nitrate (SN) for enhancing some aspects of recovery. This study highlighted the importance of the phytonutrients in BTJ other than nitrate on recovery after exercise. In summary, the collective findings of this thesis provide new information on the potential application of a phytonutrient rich functional food, in BTJ, for recovery from strenuous athletic performance