13 research outputs found
[μν] κ΅μ μ μΉμ μ μλλ―Όμ΅κ³ λνμ¬λ¬΄μ(UNHCR)
1. Alexander Betts, Gil Loescher and James Milner. The United Nations High
Commissioner for Refugees(UNHCR): The Politics and Practice of Refugee Protection.
(New York: Routledge, 2012).
2. Alexander Betts and Gil Loescher (Eds.). Refugees in International Relations. (NewYork: Oxford University Press, 2011).μ리μμμ μμλ λλ―ΌμκΈ°λ‘ μΈν΄ λλ―Όμ λν μ μΈκ³μ κ΄μ¬μ΄ κ·Έ μ΄λ λλ³΄λ€ μ¦λλμμ§λ§ κ·Έ ν΄κ²°μ±
μ μμνκΈ°λ§ νλ€. 2015λ
λ§μ κΈ°μ€μΌλ‘ μ μΈκ³μ μΌλ‘ 2,100λ§ λͺ
μ λλ―Όμ ν¬ν¨νμ¬ 6,500λ§ λͺ
μ΄μμ μΈκ΅¬κ° λ°ν΄, λΆμ, μΈκΆμΉ¨ν΄λ₯Ό νΌν΄ μκ΅ λλ κ³ ν₯μ λ λ νμ§λ₯Ό λ λλ©° κ΅μ μ¬νμ 보νΈλ₯Ό νμλ‘ νκ³ μλ€. μ΄λ° μν©μμ λ°κΈ°λ¬Έ μ μ μ¬λ¬΄μ΄μ₯μ λ€λ₯Ό μ΄μ΄ μ μλλ―Όμ΅κ³ λνμ¬λ¬΄μ(United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, μ΄ν UNHCR) λν μΆμ μ ꡬν°ν€μ¦κ° μ μ μ¬λ¬΄μ΄μ₯μΌλ‘ μ μΆλλ©΄μ λλ―Όλ¬Έμ μ ν΄κ²°μ μν κ΅μ λλ―Όλ μ§μ μ€μ§μ λ³νμ λ°μ μ κΈ°λνκ² λ§λ€κ³ μλ€. 2005λ
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κΉμ§ 10λ
λμ UNHCRμ λνλ₯Ό μμν ꡬν°ν€μ¦λ 격λ³νλ λλ―ΌμκΈ°λ€ μμμ μ±κ³΅μ μΌλ‘ 리λμμ λ°νν΄ μ¨ κ²μΌλ‘ νκ°λ°κ³ μλ€
HIF μ μ¬μΈμκ° κ°μ μ§λ°©μμ μ΄μμ°μ λ―ΈμΉλ μν₯
νμλ
Όλ¬Έ (μμ¬)-- μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ : μμ°κ³Όνλν μλͺ
κ³ΌνλΆ, 2018. 2. κΉμ¬λ².Systemic energy imbalance between energy intake and expenditure lies at the center of obesity pandemic. Brown adipocyte plays an important role in increasing energy expenditure by generating heat. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) regulates the expression of glucose transporter 1 and several glycolytic enzymes, however its role in brown adipose tissues has not been elucidated, yet. There are two major isoforms of HIF in adipocytes, HIF1Ξ± and HIF2Ξ±. Here, I studied the mechanism of how HIF1Ξ± regulates cold-induced thermogenesis in brown adipocytes. HIF1Ξ± expression was increased in brown adipose tissue after cold exposure. Moreover, Ξ² adrenergic receptor agonist treatment increased HIF1Ξ± expression in brown adipocytes in vitro. HIF1Ξ± knockdown decreased isoproterenol- induced UCP1 expression. On the other hand, I found that HIF2Ξ± is involved in brown pre-adipocyte differentiation. These results suggest that HIF1Ξ± and HIF2Ξ± can modulate adaptive thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue.1. INTRODUCTION 1
2. MATERIAL AND METHODS 4
2.1 Animals and treatment 4
2.2 Induction of differentiation of brown adipocyte cell line and 3T3-L1 4
2.3 Transfection with small interfering RNA 5
2.4 Isolation of total RNA and quantitative RT-PCR analysis 6
2.5 Western blot analysis 6
2.6 Statistical analysis 7
3. RESULTS 9
3.1 HIF1Ξ± is induced by beta adrenergic receptor stimulation in brown adipocytes 9
3.2 Increased HIF1Ξ± expression by isoproterenol treatment is not due to increased UCP1 activity 14
3.3 HIF1Ξ± increases UCP1 expression upon Ξ² adrenergic stimulation 14
3.4 HIF2Ξ± expression increases during brown adipocytes differentiation but does not affect thermogenic gene expression in mature brown adipocytes 25
4. DISCUSSION 28
5. REFERENCES 33
6. ABSTRACT IN KOREAN 39Maste
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