73 research outputs found

    A Study on Mutual Coupling Suppression for MIMO Antenna Array

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    Wireless communication is rapidly becoming the most popular solution to deliver voice and data services due to flexibility and mobility that can be offered at moderate infrastructure costs. Unfortunately, current wireless systems are unable to support some services offered by wire line systems due to the limited data rates achievable over wireless links. At the same time, there is a growing demand from the operators for better coverage to reduce infrastructure costs and enhance the wireless experience of the customers. One of the most promising solutions to overcome these issues is multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology. A Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) Antenna system is a well-known technique to enhance the performance of wireless communication systems. The channel capacity that a MIMO antenna system provides is much larger than that provided by the conventional wireless system. The MIMO wireless technology uses multiple antennas at the transmitter and receiver to produce significant capacity gains over single-input single-output (SISO) systems using the same bandwidth and transmit power. It has been shown that the capacity of a MIMO system increases linearly with the number of antennas in the presence of a scattering-rich environment. In spite of this advantage, the MIMO antenna system has many practical problems because the signal processing techniques do not consider the degradation of the correlation coefficients due to the coupling between antenna elements. Many researchers try to resolve the problem system-wise, or by using baseband algorithms and signal processing techniques. Therefore, to solve this problem and to operate the MIMO antenna system with properly, the characteristics of the MIMO antenna in real environment must be considered when developing processing algorithms. To implement a MIMO antenna system in real MIMO environment, we must consider the mutual coupling between MIMO antenna elements. Suppressing the coupling between antenna elements is an important problem in MIMO or multiple antenna systems because the coupling between the antenna elements influences the correlation coefficient in free space significantly. This thesis describes several design techniques for MIMO antenna system having low mutual coupling between each antenna element. Two examples of the proposed models employed parasitic elements for mutual coupling suppressionthey show strong possibility of mutual coupling suppression between patch antenna elements to realize an independent channel for MIMO antenna system. It is proposed a compact 2-channel WiBro-MIMO antenna for the practical handy terminal. It is employed the projected (ε‡Έ) ground structure for isolation between two antenna elements and it suppressed both of the mutual coupling and the radiation coupling. In addition, for the MIMO application, a ultra small and ultra wideband antenna having a novel antenna input impedance matching structure is proposed in this thesis. The MIMO antenna design techniques proposed in this thesis are shown very low mutual coupling and very good antenna characteristics such as radiation pattern, antenna gain, resonable antenna size, etc.. Due to the these merits of the proposed design techniques, it is expected the proposed design techniques could be applied in the wireless communication system which is employed in MIMO system.Chapter 1. Introduction = 1 Chapter 2. Planar array of mutual coupling suppression = 4 2.1 4-CH antenna for narrow band = 4 2.1.1 Single element structure = 4 2.1.2 4-channel antenna array = 7 2.1.3 Mutual coupling suppression using parasitic elements = 9 2.2 2-CH antenna for broad band = 18 2.2.1 Mutual coupling suppression using reversed 'U' structure = 18 2.3 Summary = 29 Chapter 3. 2-CH MIMO antenna for WiBro handy terminal = 32 3.1 WiBro system = 32 3.2 Design configuration of 2-channel MIMO antenna = 33 3.2.1 Antenna configuration and evaluation of the and the factors = 33 3.2.2 Experimental results of the fabricated antenna = 38 3.3 Summary = 46 Chapter 4. A monopole antenna with a novel impedance matching structure = 48 4.1 Characteristics of small antennas = 48 4.2 Antenna design procedure = 50 4.2.1 1/8 Ξ» Folded monopole antenna characteristic = 50 4.2.2 A novel design for impedance matching = 51 4.2.3 Experimental results and discussion = 58 4.3 Summary = 60 Chapter 5. Conclusion = 61 References = 63 Publications and Conference = 66 Acknowledgment = 6

    A study on the effect of tax resource transfer on horizontal fiscal equity: A study of local consumption tax

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ (석사)-- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› : ν–‰μ •λŒ€ν•™μ› ν–‰μ •ν•™κ³Ό, 2018. 2. Kim Soon Eun.This study explored the effect of introducing Local Consumption Tax (LCT) on horizontal fiscal equity among local governments by analyzing the Coefficient of Variation (CV) of Local Tax (LT) from 2005 to 2014. It demonstrated that the introduction of LCT and its weighting system contributed to mitigating the regional fiscal gap of South Korea through both an analysis of per capita and analysis of cost index considerations. The CVs of LT had significantly decreased (which can be equated to improvement of regional equity) since 2010 when the LCT was introduced. By using the subtraction methods of LT-LCT, It also confirmed that this change was caused by the introduction of LCT. This degree of change was much greater when applying weight system than when it was not applied. In short, this study had found that the introduction of LCT and the application of regional differential weights have a positive effect on fiscal equity among local governments in South Korea.Chapter 1. Introduction 1 1.1. Study Background 1 1.2. Study Scope and Method 5 Chapter 2. Theoretical discussion 7 2.1. Local Finance in South Korea 7 2.2 Fiscal Decentralism 16 2.3. Consumption Tax 22 2.3.1. Suitability to Local Tax 22 2.3.2. Case of OECD Countries 24 2.3.3. Case of South Korea 30 Chapter 3. Literature Review 38 3.1. Literature on Financial Equity 38 3.2. Literature on Local Consumption Tax 40 3.3. Review and Study Singnificance 45 Chapter 4. A frame of analysis 46 4.1. Research Questions and Hypothesis 46 4.2. Data and Concepts 47 4.3. Empirical Analysis 51 4.3.1. Estimation of Cost Index 51 4.3.2. Analysis of the Effect of LCT 55 Chapter 5. Summary and Conclusion 61 5.1. Summary 61 5.2. Policy implicaton 63 Bibliography 65 Abstract in Korean 71 Appendix 73Maste

    Developing the Scale of Service Quality of the Container Terminal

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    There is a relative dearth of literature to Container Service Quality, although a lot of studies were achieved for Service Quality in the internal and external. The Service Quality has been recognized as the most effective marketing asset in companies' competition. The high Service Quality effectively positions the core strategy of own company in the market. Like this, It is the most important for competitiveness improvement of Service Quality to enhance customer satisfaction so that domestic container terminals might have future competitive superiority. However, some parts of Service Quality have not given a definition so far, since it has a complex structure. Typically, the concept of Container Terminal Service has been used in respect to port service until now. There is no necessity to distinguish container terminal service by concept or property. The purpose of this study is to develop the most appropriate Service Quality in the container terminal through empirical analysis such as existing theoretical studies, expertise survey and SAS program. It is necessary to show the way of evaluating Container Terminal Service's importance and Service Quality. This study intends to understand overall satisfaction survey by Container Terminal Service's evaluation through Regression Analysis where customer satisfaction will be the dependant variable.제 1 μž₯ μ„œ λ‘  = 1 제 1 절 μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ λ°°κ²½ 및 λͺ©μ  = 1 1. μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ λ°°κ²½ = 1 2. μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ λͺ©μ  = 2 제 2 절 μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ 방법과 λ²”μœ„ = 3 제 2 μž₯ ν•­λ§Œκ³Ό μ»¨ν…Œμ΄λ„ˆν„°λ―Έλ„ = 6 제 1 절 μ„œλΉ„μŠ€ν’ˆμ§ˆμ— κ΄€ν•œ 연ꡬ = 6 1. μ„œλΉ„μŠ€ν’ˆμ§ˆμ— κ΄€ν•œ κ°œλ…κ³Ό νŠΉμ„± = 6 2. μ„œλΉ„μŠ€ν’ˆμ§ˆμ˜ μΈ‘μ •μš”μΈ = 6 제 2 절 κΈ°μ‘΄ μ—°κ΅¬λ“€μ˜ κ³ μ°° = 10 1. ν•­λ§Œμ„ νƒμ— μžˆμ–΄ 내ㆍ외적 ꡬ뢄에 κ΄€ν•œ 연ꡬ 11 2. ν•­λ§Œμ„ νƒμ˜ κ²°μ •μš”μΈμ— κ΄€ν•œ 연ꡬ = 13 3. ν•΄μš΄ 및 ν•­λ§Œλ¬Όλ₯˜μ„œλΉ„μŠ€ν’ˆμ§ˆ 츑정에 κ΄€ν•œ 연ꡬ = 16 제 3 절 ν•­λ§Œμ‚°μ—…μ˜ λ²”μœ„ 및 μ„œλΉ„μŠ€ νŠΉμ„± = 18 1. ν•­λ§Œκ³Ό μ»¨ν…Œμ΄λ„ˆν„°λ―Έλ„μ˜ 관계 = 19 2. ν•­λ§Œμ‚°μ—…μ˜ νŠΉμ„± 및 λ²”μ£Ό = 20 3. ν•­λ§Œμ„œλΉ„μŠ€μ˜ νŠΉμ„± = 22 제 4 절 μ»¨ν…Œμ΄λ„ˆν„°λ―Έλ„μ— κ΄€ν•œ κ³ μ°° = 26 1. μ»¨ν…Œμ΄λ„ˆν„°λ―Έλ„μ˜ κΈ°λŠ₯ 및 μ‹œμ„€ = 26 2. μ»¨ν…Œμ΄λ„ˆν„°λ―Έλ„ μ„œλΉ„μŠ€ 이용자(선사, ν™”μ£Ό, λ³΅ν•©μš΄μ†‘μ£Όμ„ μΈ) = 31 3. μ»¨ν…Œμ΄λ„ˆν„°λ―Έλ„ μ„œλΉ„μŠ€μ˜ νŠΉμ„± = 34 제 5 절 각 μš΄μ˜μžλ³„ μ„œλΉ„μŠ€ 제곡 λ²”μœ„ 및 λŒ€μƒμ˜ ꡬ뢄 = 35 1. ν•­λ§Œ μš΄μ˜μžκ°€ μ œκ³΅ν•˜λŠ” μ„œλΉ„μŠ€μ˜ λ²”μœ„ 및 λŒ€μƒ = 36 2. μ»¨ν…Œμ΄λ„ˆν„°λ―Έλ„μš΄μ˜μžκ°€ μ œκ³΅ν•˜λŠ” μ„œλΉ„μŠ€μ˜ λ²”μœ„ 및 λŒ€μƒ = 37 3. μ„œλΉ„μŠ€ 제곡 주체별 비ꡐ = 41 제 3 μž₯ μ»¨ν…Œμ΄λ„ˆν„°λ―Έλ„ μ„œλΉ„μŠ€ν’ˆμ§ˆμ˜ 속성 ꡬ뢄 = 45 제 1 절 κΈ°μ‘΄ μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ λΉ„κ΅μ—μ„œ λ³Έ μ»¨ν…Œμ΄λ„ˆν„°λ―Έλ„ μ„œλΉ„μŠ€ν’ˆμ§ˆ = 45 1. κΈ°μ‘΄ 연ꡬλ₯Ό ν†΅ν•œ μ»¨ν…Œμ΄λ„ˆν„°λ―Έλ„ μ„œλΉ„μŠ€μ˜ νŠΉμ„± = 45 2. λ³€μˆ˜μ˜ μ‘°μž‘μ  μ •μ˜ = 47 제 2 절 ν•­λ§Œ 및 μ»¨ν…Œμ΄λ„ˆν„°λ―Έλ„ μ„œλΉ„μŠ€μ˜ 쑰사 및 정리 = 49 1. ν•­λ§Œ 및 μ»¨ν…Œμ΄λ„ˆν„°λ―Έλ„ μ„œλΉ„μŠ€μ˜ 속성변인 μΆ”μΆœ = 49 제 3 절 μ»¨ν…Œμ΄λ„ˆν„°λ―Έλ„ μ„œλΉ„μŠ€ν’ˆμ§ˆμ˜ 속성 = 52 1. ν•­λ§Œκ³Ό μ»¨ν…Œμ΄λ„ˆν„°λ―Έλ„ μ„œλΉ„μŠ€ν’ˆμ§ˆ μš”μ†Œμ˜ λΆ„λ₯˜ = 52 2. μ»¨ν…Œμ΄λ„ˆν„°λ―Έλ„ μ„œλΉ„μŠ€ν’ˆμ§ˆ 속성별 λΆ„λ₯˜ = 54 제 4 μž₯ 연ꡬλͺ¨ν˜• 및 κ°€μ„€μ˜ 검증 = 57 제 1 절 연ꡬλͺ¨ν˜• = 57 제 2 절 μ „λ°˜μ μΈ μ„œλΉ„μŠ€ν’ˆμ§ˆκ³Ό 고객만쑱의 관계 = 58 1. μ„œλΉ„μŠ€ν’ˆμ§ˆκ³Ό κ³ κ°λ§Œμ‘±μ— κ΄€ν•œ 연ꡬ = 58 제 5 μž₯ 연ꡬ방법 = 60 제 1 절 μ—°κ΅¬λŒ€μƒ = 60 제 2 절 μ„€λ¬Έμ§€μ˜ ꡬ성 = 60 제 3 절 μ‘λ‹΅κΈ°μ—…μ˜ 일반적 νŠΉμ„± = 60 제 6 μž₯ 싀증뢄석 = 62 제 1 절 μ»¨ν…Œμ΄λ„ˆν„°λ―Έλ„ μ„œλΉ„μŠ€ 차원 κ°œλ°œμ„ μœ„ν•œ 싀증뢄석 = 62 1. 탐색적 상관관계 뢄석 = 62 2. 탐색적 μš”μΈ 뢄석 및 μ‹ λ’°μ„± 뢄석 = 63 3. μ—°κ΅¬λ‹¨μœ„λ³„ 상관관계 뢄석 = 67 4. μ²™λ„μ •μ œμ ˆμ°¨λ₯Ό 거친 μ΅œμ’…μ μΈ μ»¨ν…Œμ΄λ„ˆν„°λ―Έλ„ μ„œλΉ„μŠ€ν’ˆμ§ˆ 차원 = 68 5. μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ κ°€μ„€ 검증 = 69 제 7 μž₯ κ²° λ‘  = 75 제 1 절 연ꡬ κ²°κ³Ό 및 μ‹œμ‚¬μ  = 75 제 2 절 μ°¨ν›„μ˜ 연ꡬ방ν–₯ = 77 μ°Έκ³ λ¬Έν—Œ = 7

    μΈμœ λ‘μ’… λ°”μ΄λŸ¬μŠ€ κ°μ—Όμ˜ 역학적 νŠΉμ„±μ— κ΄€ν•œ λ¬Έν—Œκ³ μ°°

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ(석사)--μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λ³΄κ±΄λŒ€ν•™μ› :보건학과 역학전곡,1997.Maste

    μ˜¨λ„ 변화에 λ”°λ₯Έ λ²Ό μƒμœ‘ 및 μˆ˜λŸ‰λ°˜μ‘μ˜ ν’ˆμ’…κ°„ 차이에 κ΄€ν•œ 연ꡬ

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ (석사)-- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› : 식물생산과학뢀(μž‘λ¬Όμƒλͺ…과학전곡), 2012. 2. μ΄λ³€μš°.지ꡬ μ˜¨μ‹€νš¨κ³Ό μ¦λŒ€μ— λ”°λΌμ„œ μ§€κ΅¬λŠ” λΉ λ₯Έ μ†λ„λ‘œ μ˜¨λ‚œν™”λ˜μ—ˆκ³ , μ•žμœΌλ‘œλ„ μ˜¨λ‚œν™”λŠ” 더 λΉ λ₯Έ μ†λ„λ‘œ 진행될 κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ 전망이 되고 μžˆμ–΄ λ†μž‘λ¬Ό 생산에 μ§€λŒ€ν•œ 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ  κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μ˜ˆμƒμ΄ λœλ‹€. λ²ΌλŠ” μš°λ¦¬λ‚˜λΌμ˜ 주식이며 세계 3λŒ€ μ‹λŸ‰μž‘λ¬Ό 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜λ‘œ μ˜¨λ‚œν™”λŠ” λ²Ό μž¬λ°°μ§€μ—­, μž¬λ°°μ‹œκΈ°, μˆ˜λŸ‰μ„± λ“± 닀방면에 λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό μ΄ˆλž˜ν•  것이닀. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” 이와 같은 κΈ°ν›„ λ³€ν™”κ°€ μš°λ¦¬λ‚˜λΌ λ²Ό μž¬λ°°μ— λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 영ν–₯을 ν‰κ°€ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ 기초 자료λ₯Ό μ–»κ³ μž μˆ˜μ›μ§€μ—­μ—μ„œ μƒμœ‘μ˜¨λ„(μ™ΈκΈ°μ˜¨, μ™ΈκΈ°μ˜¨+1.5℃, μ™ΈκΈ°μ˜¨+3.0℃, μ™ΈκΈ°μ˜¨+5.0℃)에 λ”°λ₯Έ 쑰생, 쀑생 및 μ€‘λ§Œμƒ ν’ˆμ’…λ“€μ˜ μƒμœ‘κ³Ό μˆ˜λŸ‰ λ°˜μ‘μ˜ ν’ˆμ’… κ°„ 차이λ₯Ό κ²€ν† ν•˜μ—¬ 미래 κΈ°ν›„λ³€ν™” 영ν–₯ 및 적응을 μœ„ν•œ 기초자료λ₯Ό μ–»κ³ μž ν•˜μ˜€κ³ , λ‹€μŒκ³Ό 같은 κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό λ„μΆœν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μˆ˜λŸ‰ κ΄€λ ¨ μš”μ†Œμ˜ 기온 μƒμŠΉμ— λŒ€ν•œ λ°˜μ‘μ€ ν’ˆμ’…κ΅° 간에 μœ μ˜ν•œ 차이가 μžˆμ—ˆμœΌλ©°, 특히 쑰생쒅은 ν˜„μž¬λ³΄λ‹€ 1.5℃ 이상 높아지면 μˆ˜λŸ‰μ΄ μœ μ˜ν•˜κ²Œ κ°μ†Œν•˜μ˜€κ³ , 쀑생쒅 및 μ€‘λ§Œμƒμ’…μ€ 3℃이상 λ†’μ•„μ Έμ•Ό μˆ˜λŸ‰μ΄ μœ μ˜ν•˜κ²Œ κ°μ†Œν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 기온 μƒμŠΉμ— λ”°λ₯Έ μˆ˜λŸ‰μ˜ κ°μ†ŒλŠ” μž„μ‹€λ₯  및 μ™„μ „λ°œμœ‘λ―Έ κ°μ†Œμ— λ”°λ₯Έ λ“±μˆ™λ₯  κ°μ†Œκ°€ κ°€μž₯ 큰 μ›μΈμ΄μ—ˆμœΌλ©° λ‹€μŒμ€ μ²œλ¦½μ€‘ κ°μ†Œμ˜€λ‹€. μž„μ‹€λ₯ μ€ κ°œν™”κΈ° 졜고기온과, μ™„μ „λ°œμœ‘λ―Έμœ¨κ³Ό μ²œλ¦½μ€‘μ€ 좜수 ν›„ 20μΌκ°„μ˜ ν‰κ· κΈ°μ˜¨κ³Ό 높은 상관성을 λ³΄μ˜€μœΌλ©°, 50% λΆˆμž„μ„ μœ λ°œν•˜λŠ” μ΅œκ³ μ˜¨λ„λŠ” ν’ˆμ’… 간에 μœ μ˜ν•œ 차이λ₯Ό λ³΄μ˜€λ‹€. 결둠적으둜 벼의 μˆ˜λŸ‰ κ΄€λ ¨ μš”μ†Œλ“€μ€ μƒνƒœν˜• 및 ν’ˆμ’…μ— 따라 맀우 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μ–‘μƒμœΌλ‘œ μ˜¨λ„μ— λŒ€ν•œ λ°˜μ‘ ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, μ’…ν•©μ μœΌλ‘œ 미래의 κΈ°ν›„ μ˜¨λ‚œν™”λ‘œ μΈν•œ 기온 μƒμŠΉμ€ λ²Ό μˆ˜λŸ‰μ„±μ— 뢀정적인 영ν–₯을 가지고 올 κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬λ£Œλ˜λ‚˜ 뢀정적 영ν–₯은 μž¬λ°°μ‹œκΈ° 이동 및 ν’ˆμ’…κ°œλŸ‰μ— μ˜ν•΄μ„œ 크게 완화될 수 μžˆμ„ 것이닀.Rice (Oryza Sativa L) is one of the world's most important crops and provides food security as staple food in many countries. Thus, a small variation in the rice production in any region will have a strong impact on the regional food supply. According to the climate models projections, global surface air temperatures may increase by 4.0 ~ 5.8 ℃ in the next few decades. In global climate changes and its consequences, the yield of rice would be reduced as current high temperatures have been implicated to cause reductions in rice grain yield. In this regards, this experiments were conducted to assess the impact of the elevated air temperature on the growth and yield of rice. Eight japonica rice cultivars (Odaebyeo, Unkwangbyeo, Jinmibyeo, Hwaseongbyeo, Andabyeo, Chucheongbyeo, Nokyangbyeo, Donganbyeo) included in three maturing group (early, medium, and medium-late maturing group) were grown at four plastic houses that were controlled to the temperature regimes of ambient, ambient+1.5℃, ambient+3.0℃, and ambient+5.0℃ throughout the rice growing season in the year 2011. There were significant difference among responds to the treatments raising air temperature in yield, yield components, fertility, and sterility of eight cultivars. The decrease of grain yield to temperature rising was attributable to the sharp decrease of ripened grain ratio. Grain yield was decreased significantly under the treatments raising the air temperature to the level of 1.5℃ and 3.0℃ above ambient air temperature in early maturing group and the others, respectively. In conclusion, the ongoing global warming is expected to decrease the grain yield not only by decreasing the grain weight but also decreasing the ripened grain ratio in the future. However, the yield reduction would be mitigated by adopting and/or improving the less sensitive varieties to high temperature.Maste

    The Effects of Social Studies Teachers Belief and Knowledge on a Preference for Questions in Instruction

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ (석사)-- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› : μ‚¬νšŒκ΅μœ‘κ³Ό(μΌλ°˜μ‚¬νšŒμ „κ³΅), 2015. 6. λͺ¨κ²½ν™˜.μ‚¬νšŒκ³Ό κ΅μ‚¬λŠ” μˆ˜μ—…μ— μ€‘μš”ν•œ 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉœλ‹€. μ‚¬νšŒκ³Ό κ΅μ‚¬λŠ” μˆ˜μ—…μ˜ λͺ©ν‘œμ™€, κ·Έ λͺ©ν‘œλ₯Ό λ‹¬μ„±ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 닀루어야 ν•  ꡐ윑 λ‚΄μš©, κ·Έ λ‚΄μš©μ„ 효과적으둜 ν•™μƒλ“€μ—κ²Œ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ ꡐ수-ν•™μŠ΅ 방법을 μ£Όλ„μ μœΌλ‘œ κ²°μ •ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄λ‹€. 특히 κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ 신념과 지식은 μˆ˜μ—… μ‹€ν–‰ 과정에 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 핡심적인 μš”μΈμœΌλ‘œ μž‘μš©ν•œλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ μ‚¬νšŒκ³Ό κ΅μ‚¬λ§Œμ΄ 가지고 μžˆλŠ” μ‚¬νšŒκ³Ό νŠΉμ„± 이해 방식, 즉 μ‚¬νšŒκ³Ό λ³Έμ§ˆκ΄€ λ˜ν•œ μ‚¬νšŒκ³Ό μˆ˜μ—… 싀행에 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” μ€‘μš”ν•œ μš”μΈμ΄λ‹€. ꡐ윑적 신념과 지식, 그리고 μ‚¬νšŒκ³Ό λ³Έμ§ˆκ΄€μ„ 가지고 μžˆλŠ” μ‚¬νšŒκ³Ό κ΅μ‚¬λŠ” μ‚¬νšŒκ³Ό μˆ˜μ—… μ‹€ν–‰ κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 진행해 λ‚˜κ°„λ‹€. μ‚¬νšŒκ³ΌλŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ ꡐ과와 λΉ„κ΅ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ 특히 고차적 사고λ ₯을 κ°•μ‘°ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” ꡐ과둜써, μ‚¬νšŒκ³Ό κ΅μ‚¬λŠ” λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μˆ˜μ€€μ˜ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ 적절히 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ ν•™μƒλ“€μ˜ 사고λ₯Ό ν•¨μ–‘μ‹œμΌœμ€„ ν•„μš”κ°€ μžˆλ‹€. κ·ΈλŸΌμ—λ„ λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³ , μ‹€μ œ μ‚¬νšŒκ³Ό μˆ˜μ—…μ—μ„œ ꡐ사듀은 주둜 λ‹¨μˆœν•œ μ§ˆλ¬Έλ§Œμ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 진행해 λ‚˜κ°€λŠ” κ²½ν–₯이 λ†’λ‹€. λ‹¨μˆœν•œ μ§ˆλ¬Έλ§Œμ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ μ§„ν–‰ν•˜λŠ” 것은 μˆ˜μ—…μ‹œκ°„μ— κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜κ³  배운 λ‚΄μš©μ„ ν™•μΈν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ—λ§Œ κ·ΈμΉ  뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ, ν•™μƒλ“€μ˜ 고차사고λ ₯ 함양에도 도움이 λ˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€. 이에 λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” 고차적 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” λ°©ν–₯으둜의 μˆ˜μ—… κ°œμ„ μ΄ ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” λ¬Έμ œμ˜μ‹μ„ 가지고, κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ 신념과 지식, 그리고 μ‚¬νšŒκ³Ό λ³Έμ§ˆκ΄€μ΄ 질문 μ„ ν˜Έμ— μ–΄λ–€ 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ”μ§€ μ•Œμ•„λ³΄κ³ μž ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 그리고 이λ₯Ό ν™•μΈν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λ‹€μŒκ³Ό 같은 μ„Έ 가지 연ꡬ가섀을 μ„€μ •ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 연ꡬ가섀 1. μ‚¬νšŒκ³Ό κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ 신념과 지식은 μ‚¬νšŒκ³Ό λ³Έμ§ˆκ΄€μ— 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ  것이닀. 연ꡬ가섀 2. μ‚¬νšŒκ³Ό κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ 신념과 지식은 질문 μ„ ν˜Έμ— 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ  것이닀. 연ꡬ가섀 3. μ‚¬νšŒκ³Ό κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ μ‚¬νšŒκ³Ό λ³Έμ§ˆκ΄€μ€ 질문 μ„ ν˜Έμ— 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ  것이닀. 연ꡬ가섀 검증에 ν•„μš”ν•œ 자료 μˆ˜μ§‘μ„ μœ„ν•΄ 쀑등학ꡐ μ‚¬νšŒκ³Ό ꡐ사듀을 λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ μ„€λ¬Έ 쑰사λ₯Ό μ‹€μ‹œν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, μ΅œμ’…μ μœΌλ‘œ 157λΆ€μ˜ μžλ£Œκ°€ μˆ˜μ§‘λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. μˆ˜μ§‘λœ μžλ£Œλ“€μ„ λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ 연ꡬ가섀을 κ²€μ¦ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ„€μ •ν•œ 연ꡬλͺ¨ν˜•μ„ λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ, ꡬ쑰방정식 λͺ¨ν˜•μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ 뢄석을 μ‹€μ‹œν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. ꡬ쑰λͺ¨ν˜• λΆ„μ„μ˜ κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” λ‹€μŒκ³Ό κ°™λ‹€. 첫째, 연ꡬ가섀 1κ³Ό κ΄€λ ¨ν•˜μ—¬ κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ 신념과 지식은 λͺ¨λ‘ μ‚¬νšŒκ³Ό λ³Έμ§ˆκ΄€μ— μœ μ˜λ―Έν•œ 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬λ‹€. λ‘˜μ§Έ, 연ꡬ가섀 2와 κ΄€λ ¨ν•˜μ—¬ μ‚¬νšŒκ³Ό κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ 신념과 지식 μ€‘μ—μ„œ 신념이 질문 μ„ ν˜Έμ— μœ μ˜λ―Έν•œ 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬λ‹€. μ…‹μ§Έ, 연ꡬ가섀 3κ³Ό κ΄€λ ¨ν•˜μ—¬ μ‚¬νšŒκ³Ό κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ μ‚¬νšŒκ³Ό λ³Έμ§ˆκ΄€ 쀑 λ°˜μ„±μ νƒκ΅¬λͺ¨ν˜•μœΌλ‘œμ„œμ˜ μ‚¬νšŒκ³Ό λ³Έμ§ˆκ΄€μ΄ 질문 μ„ ν˜Έμ— μœ μ˜λ―Έν•œ 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬μœΌλ©°, 신념이 질문 μ„ ν˜Έμ— 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 과정을 λ§€κ°œν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬λ‹€. 이와 같은 뢄석 κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μ œμ‹œν•˜λ©΄ λ‹€μŒκ³Ό κ°™λ‹€. 첫째, λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ 신념과 지식이 μ‚¬νšŒκ³Ό λ³Έμ§ˆκ΄€μ— 영ν–₯을 미치고 μžˆλŠ” 것을 ν™•μΈν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ μ‚¬νšŒκ³Ό μˆ˜μ—…μ— 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” ꡐ사 μš”μΈμ„ κ³ λ €ν•  κ²½μš°μ—λŠ” κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ 신념과 μ§€μ‹λΏλ§Œ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ μ‚¬νšŒκ³Ό λ³Έμ§ˆκ΄€ λ˜ν•œ ν•¨κ»˜ κ³ λ €ν•˜λŠ” 것이 ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€. λ‘˜μ§Έ, λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ 신념이 κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ 질문과 κ΄€λ ¨ν•˜μ—¬ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” μš”μΈμž„μ„ ν™•μΈν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ ν•™μƒλ“€μ˜ 고차적 사고λ ₯을 ν•¨μ–‘μ‹œν‚€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ‚¬νšŒκ³Ό μˆ˜μ—…μ—μ„œ 고차적 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ 더 많이 μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆλ„λ‘ μ‚¬νšŒκ³Ό κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ ꡐ윑적 신념을 κ°•ν™”μ‹œν‚¬ 수 μžˆλŠ” λ°©μ•ˆμ—λŠ” 무엇이 μžˆλŠ”μ§€ κ³ λ―Όν•΄ λ³΄λŠ” 것이 ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€. μ…‹μ§Έ, λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ λ°˜μ„±μ νƒκ΅¬λͺ¨ν˜•μœΌλ‘œμ„œμ˜ μ‚¬νšŒκ³Ό λ³Έμ§ˆκ΄€μ΄ 질문 μ„ ν˜Έμ— 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” μš”μΈμž„μ„ ν™•μΈν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 그리고 κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ 신념이 질문 μ„ ν˜Έμ— 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 과정에 λ°˜μ„±μ νƒκ΅¬λͺ¨ν˜•μœΌλ‘œμ„œμ˜ μ‚¬νšŒκ³Ό λ³Έμ§ˆκ΄€μ΄ 맀개효과λ₯Ό 가지고 μžˆλŠ” 것 λ˜ν•œ ν™•μΈν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ λ°˜μ„±μ νƒκ΅¬λͺ¨ν˜•μœΌλ‘œμ„œμ˜ λ³Έμ§ˆκ΄€μ„ μ‚¬νšŒκ³Ό μˆ˜μ—…μ— μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ°˜μ˜ν•  수 μžˆμ„μ§€, ν•™μƒμ˜ 고차적인 사고λ₯Ό μžκ·Ήν•˜λŠ” μˆ˜μ—…μœΌλ‘œμ˜ κ°œμ„ μ„ μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ” μ–΄λ–€ λ…Έλ ₯이 ν•„μš”ν•œμ§€μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ‚¬νšŒκ³Ό ꡐ사 슀슀둜의 λ°˜μ„±μ΄ ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” 연ꡬ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ λ‹€μŒκ³Ό 같은 λͺ‡ 가지 μ œμ–Έμ„ ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 첫째, λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ μ‹€μ œ μˆ˜μ—…μ—μ„œ κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ 고차적 질문과 저차적 질문이 ν•™μƒλ“€μ—κ²Œ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ‹€λ₯Έ 효과λ₯Ό λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚Ό 수 μžˆλŠ”μ§€ μ—„λ°€νžˆ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³Ό ν•„μš”κ°€ μžˆλ‹€. λ‘˜μ§Έ, ν•™μƒλ“€μ˜ 고차적 사고λ ₯ 함양을 μœ„ν•΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ—μ„œ 고차적 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ 더 많이 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λ„λ‘ κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ 신념을 κ°•ν™”μ‹œν‚¬ 수 μžˆλŠ” λ°©μ•ˆμ„ μ§€μ†μ μœΌλ‘œ λͺ¨μƒ‰ν•΄ λ³΄λŠ” 것이 ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€. μ…‹μ§Έ, ꡐ사 μ–‘μ„± κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œλΆ€ν„° μ˜ˆλΉ„ κ΅μ‚¬λ‘œ ν•˜μ—¬κΈˆ κ΅μ‚¬λ‘œμ„œμ˜ 신념을 κ°€μ§ˆ 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ 체계적인 κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ •μ„ λ§ˆλ ¨ν•  ν•„μš”κ°€ μžˆλ‹€. μ£Όμš”μ–΄: κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ 신념, κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ 지식, μ‚¬νšŒκ³Ό λ³Έμ§ˆκ΄€, 질문 μ„ ν˜Έλͺ© μ°¨ β… . μ„œλ‘  1 1. 문제제기 1 2. μ—°κ΅¬λ¬Έμ œ 4 3. μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ 의의 및 ν•œκ³„ 5 β…‘. 이둠적 λ°°κ²½ 8 1. κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ 신념과 지식 8 1) κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ 신념 8 (1) μ‹ λ…μ˜ 의미 8 (2) 신념과 μ§€μ‹μ˜ 관계 10 (3) κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ 신념 12 2) κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ 지식 14 (1) μ§€μ‹μ˜ 의미 14 (2) ꡐ사 μ§€μ‹μ˜ κ°œλ… 16 (3) μ‚¬νšŒκ³Ό κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ 지식 18 3) μ‚¬νšŒκ³Ό κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ μ‚¬νšŒκ³Ό λ³Έμ§ˆκ΄€ 19 (1) κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ 지식 및 신념과 μ‚¬νšŒκ³Ό λ³Έμ§ˆκ΄€ 19 (2) μ‚¬νšŒκ³Ό λ³Έμ§ˆκ΄€μ˜ ꡬ뢄 21 (3) μ‚¬νšŒκ³Ό λ³Έμ§ˆκ΄€μ— λ”°λ₯Έ μˆ˜μ—… 23 2. μ‚¬νšŒκ³Ό μˆ˜μ—…μ—μ„œμ˜ 질문 25 1) μ‚¬νšŒκ³Ό 질문의 μ˜λ―Έμ™€ λͺ©μ  25 2) μ‚¬νšŒκ³Ό 질문의 μœ ν˜• 27 3) μ‚¬νšŒκ³Ό μˆ˜μ—…μ—μ„œ κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ 질문 31 3. κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ 신념 및 지식과 μˆ˜μ—… μ‹€ν–‰ 34 1) μˆ˜μ—… 싀행에 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” ꡐ사 μš”μΈ 34 2) κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ 신념 및 지식과 μˆ˜μ—… μ‹€ν–‰ 36 4. 선행연ꡬ κ²€ν†  37 1) κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ 신념과 지식에 κ΄€ν•œ 연ꡬ 37 2) κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ— κ΄€ν•œ 연ꡬ 41 β…’. 연ꡬ 섀계 43 1. 연ꡬ κ°€μ„€ 43 2. 연ꡬ λ³€μˆ˜ 45 1) μ™Έμƒλ³€μˆ˜ 45 2) λ§€κ°œλ³€μˆ˜ 46 3) λ‚΄μƒλ³€μˆ˜ 47 4) 검사 도ꡬ 47 3. 연ꡬ λŒ€μƒ 49 4. 뢄석 방법 51 β…£. 연ꡬ κ²°κ³Ό 53 1. κΈ°μˆ ν†΅κ³„ 뢄석 53 2. μΈ‘μ •λͺ¨ν˜• 검증 55 1) μΈ‘μ •λͺ¨ν˜•μ˜ 타당성 55 2) μΈ‘μ •λͺ¨ν˜•μ˜ 적합도 57 3. ꡬ쑰λͺ¨ν˜• 뢄석 58 1) ꡬ쑰λͺ¨ν˜•μ˜ 적합도 58 2) ꡬ쑰λͺ¨ν˜• 검증 59 3) κ°€μ„€ 검증 63 (1) κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ 신념 및 지식과 μ‚¬νšŒκ³Ό λ³Έμ§ˆκ΄€ 63 (2) κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ 신념 및 지식과 질문 μ„ ν˜Έ 64 (3) κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ μ‚¬νšŒκ³Ό λ³Έμ§ˆκ΄€κ³Ό 질문 μ„ ν˜Έ 66 (4) μ‚¬νšŒκ³Ό λ³Έμ§ˆκ΄€μ˜ 맀개효과 67 β…€. κ²°λ‘  70 1. μš”μ•½ 및 λ…Όμ˜ 70 2. μ œμ–Έ 73 μ°Έκ³  λ¬Έν—Œ 77 λΆ€ 둝 85 뢀둝1: 섀문지 85 뢀둝2: κΈΈν¬λ“œμ§ˆλ¬Έλͺ¨ν˜•μ— λ”°λ₯Έ μ˜ˆμ‹œ 질문 91 ABSTRACT 97Maste
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