10 research outputs found

    Expression of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug-Activated Gene(NAG-1)as a Prognostic Marker in Oral Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma

    Get PDF
    Background and Objectives:Our previous study showed that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-activated gene (NAG-1) induced apoptosis in tongue cancer cells. However, the NAG-1 expression in tongue cancer and normal tissues was not studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of NAG-1 in oral tongue cancer and normal tissues and to identify the relationship between NAG-1 expression and the prognosis of tongue cancer patients to determine whether NAG-1 can be used as a valuable prognostic marker in tongue cancer. Subjects and Method:The medical records and pathologic reports of 42 tongue cancer patients who received surgery as primary treatment were surveyed. Tongue cancer and normal tissues, which were obtained during the operation, were stained with anti-NAG-1 antibody using the immunohistochemical method and the H-score was calculated. Results:As a result, the higher expression of NAG-1 was observed in the cancer tissues than in the normal tissues. NAG-1 expression was noted to be higher in cases of tongue cancers with more invasion, positive lymph node metastasis, and poor prognosis. A 5-year survival rate was significantly decreased in cases showing higher NAG-1 expression in the cancer tissues than in the normal tissues. Conclusion:The higher NAG-1 expression in the cancer tissue suggests malignant changes in cancer tissue and poor prognosis. Therefore, NAG-1 may be a useful prognostic marker in tongue squamous cell carcinoma.ope

    Analysis of counselor's verbal responses according to self-focus style - Focused on the situation of client resistance -

    No full text
    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ (석사)-- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› : κ΅μœ‘ν•™κ³Ό, 2014. 8. 김동일.상담은 μƒλ‹΄μžμ™€ λ‚΄λ‹΄μžμ˜ 언어적 μƒν˜Έμž‘μš©μ„ 기반으둜 ν•˜λŠ” ν™œλ™μ΄κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μƒλ‹΄κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ μƒλ‹΄μžκ°€ μ–΄λ–€ μ–Έμ–΄λ°˜μ‘ μœ ν˜•κ³Ό λ‚΄μš©μ„ μ „λ‹¬ν•˜λŠλƒ ν•˜λŠ” 것은 μƒλ‹΄μ˜ 성과와도 맀우 λ°€μ ‘ν•˜κ²Œ μ—°κ²°λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ λ§Žμ€ μƒλ‹΄μžλ“€μ΄ λ‚΄λ‹΄μžμ˜ 말과 심리적인 μƒνƒœλ₯Ό μ œλŒ€λ‘œ νŒŒμ•…ν•˜μ—¬ 이λ₯Ό λ‚΄λ‹΄μžμ—κ²Œ 치료적인 λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ μ „λ‹¬ν•˜κ³ μž ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, λ•Œλ‘œλŠ” μƒλ‹΄μžμ™€ λ‚΄λ‹΄μžκ°„μ˜ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μ—­λ™μœΌλ‘œ 인해 λ‹Ήν™©ν•œ λ‚˜λ¨Έμ§€ 맀우 μ„œνˆ΄κ±°λ‚˜ ν˜Ήμ€ λΆ€μ μ ˆν•œ λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ μ–Έμ–΄λ°˜μ‘μ„ ν•˜κ²Œ λ˜λŠ” κ²½μš°κ°€ μžˆλŠ”λ° κ·Έ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜κ°€ λ‚΄λ‹΄μž μ €ν•­ 상황일 것이닀. μƒλ‹΄μžλŠ” μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ €ν•­ 상황에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ–΄λ–€ ν˜•νƒœλ‘œλ“  μ–Έμ–΄λ°˜μ‘μ„ ν•˜κ²Œ λ˜λŠ”λ°, μ„ ν–‰μ—°κ΅¬λ“€μ—μ„œλŠ” 상담 κ²½λ ₯에 λ”°λ₯Έ μ„œλ‘œ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ–Έμ–΄λ°˜μ‘ 양식에 λŒ€ν•΄ λ³΄κ³ ν•œ λ°” μžˆλ‹€. μ΄ˆλ³΄μƒλ‹΄μžμ™€λŠ” 달리 μˆ™λ ¨μƒλ‹΄μžμ˜ 경우 λ‚΄λ‹΄μžμ˜ 저항에 λŒ€ν•΄ 놀라지 μ•Šκ³  였히렀 μ €ν•­ 상황을 ꡬ체적이고 λͺ…ν™•ν•˜κ²Œ λ‹€λ£ΈμœΌλ‘œμ¨ λ‚΄λ‹΄μžκ°€ 상담 μž₯면에 λ‹€μ‹œ λͺ°μž…ν•  수 μžˆλ„λ‘ μœ λ„ν•˜λŠ” νŠΉμ§•μ„ 보이고 μžˆλ‹€. 즉, μˆ™λ ¨μƒλ‹΄μžμ˜ 경우 λ‹€λ₯Έ κ²½ν—˜κ³Ό 행동이 ν˜Όλž€ 없이 μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ§ˆ μ •λ„λ‘œ λ‚΄λ‹΄μž μ €ν•­μœΌλ‘œ μΈν•œ μžμ‹ μ˜ μ •μ„œμ  ν˜Όλž€μ„ μ™„ν™”μ‹œν‚€κ³  κ°μ†Œμ‹œν‚΄μœΌλ‘œμ¨ λ‚΄λ‹΄μžλ₯Ό ν–₯ν•œ λͺ°μž…κ³Ό 집쀑도λ₯Ό μœ μ§€ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 것이닀. 이에 λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” 개인 내적 λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό ν†΅ν•œ μ •μ„œμ‘°μ ˆ 방식인 자기초점적 주의의 차이가 λ‚΄λ‹΄μž μ €ν•­ μƒν™©μ—μ„œμ˜ μƒλ‹΄μž μ–Έμ–΄λ°˜μ‘μ— 차이λ₯Ό μΌμœΌν‚€λŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό λΆ„μ„ν•΄λ΄„μœΌλ‘œμ¨, μƒλ‹΄μžκ°€ 슀슀둜의 μ •μ„œλ₯Ό λ“€μ—¬λ‹€λ³΄λŠ” μ •μ„œ 접촉이 μ‹€μ œ 상담 μž₯λ©΄μ—μ„œ μ €ν•­μ΄λΌλŠ” 문제 μƒν™©μ˜ 해결에 도움이 λ˜λŠ” λ°©ν–₯으둜 μž‘μš©ν•˜λŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό ν™•μΈν•΄λ³΄κ³ μž ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 이λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œ μ„€μ •ν•œ ꡬ체적인 가섀은 λ‹€μŒκ³Ό κ°™λ‹€. 연ꡬ가섀 1. κ²½ν—˜μ  자기초점 집단은 뢄석적 자기초점 집단에 λΉ„ν•΄ λ‚΄λ‹΄μž μ €ν•­ μƒν™©μ—μ„œ 곡감 및 μ˜λ―Ένƒμƒ‰ μ–Έμ–΄λ°˜μ‘μ„ 더 많이 보일 것이닀. 연ꡬ가섀 2. κ²½ν—˜μ  자기초점 집단은 뢄석적 자기초점 집단에 λΉ„ν•΄ λ‚΄λ‹΄μž μ €ν•­ μƒν™©μ—μ„œ μ •λ³΄μš”κ΅¬ λ°˜μ‘μ„ 더 많이 보일 것이닀. 연ꡬ가섀 3. κ²½ν—˜μ  자기초점 집단은 뢄석적 자기초점 집단에 λΉ„ν•΄ λ‚΄λ‹΄μž μ €ν•­ μƒν™©μ—μ„œ κ°œμΈλ‚΄μ  자기개방 μ–Έμ–΄λ°˜μ‘μ„ 더 적게 보일 것이닀. 연ꡬ가섀 4. κ²½ν—˜μ  자기초점 집단은 뢄석적 자기초점 집단에 λΉ„ν•΄ λ‚΄λ‹΄μž μ €ν•­ μƒν™©μ—μ„œ 침묡 λ°˜μ‘μ„ 더 적게 보일 것이닀. μœ„μ˜ 가섀을 ν™•μΈν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•˜μ—¬ λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” λ‚΄λ‹΄μž μ €ν•­ 상황이 λ‹΄κΈ΄ λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ—°κ΅¬μžκ·ΉμœΌλ‘œ μ œμž‘ν•˜μ˜€κ³ , μƒλ‹΄μž 총 39λͺ…을 λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ λ‚΄λ‹΄μž μ €ν•­ 상황에 λŒ€ν•œ μ–Έμ–΄λ°˜μ‘μ„ μˆ˜μ§‘ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 총 535개의 μ–Έμ–΄λ°˜μ‘μ„ Friedlander(1982)의 μƒλ‹΄μž μ–Έμ–΄λ°˜μ‘ 유λͺ©μ²΄κ³„λ₯Ό 근거둜 ν‰μ •ν•œ λ’€, 자기초점 집단에 따라 유λͺ©λ³„λ‘œ 평균에 차이가 μžˆλŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό λ…λ¦½ν‘œλ³Έ t-검증을 톡해 ν™•μΈν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 연ꡬ κ²°κ³Ό, κ²½ν—˜μ  자기초점 집단이 뢄석적 자기초점 집단에 λΉ„ν•΄ 곡감 및 μ˜λ―Ένƒμƒ‰ μ–Έμ–΄λ°˜μ‘μ„ μœ μ˜ν•˜κ²Œ 많이 λ³΄μ˜€μœΌλ©°, κ°œμΈλ‚΄μ  자기개방, 침묡 λ°˜μ‘μ„ μœ μ˜ν•˜κ²Œ 적게 λ³΄μž„μœΌλ‘œμ¨ 연ꡬ가섀 1, 3, 4λ₯Ό μΆ©μ‘±ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 반면 연ꡬ가섀 2에 ν•΄λ‹Ήν•˜λŠ” μ •λ³΄μš”κ΅¬ μ–Έμ–΄λ°˜μ‘μ˜ 경우, 두 집단 간에 μœ μ˜ν•œ 차이가 μ—†μ—ˆλ‹€. μ—°κ΅¬κ°€μ„€μ—λŠ” ν¬ν•¨λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμ§€ μ•ŠμœΌλ‚˜ κ²½ν—˜μ  자기초점 집단은 뢄석적 자기초점 집단에 λΉ„ν•΄ 관계적 자기개방 μ–Έμ–΄λ°˜μ‘μ„ μœ μ˜ν•œ μˆ˜μ€€μœΌλ‘œ 더 많이 λ³΄μ˜€μœΌλ©°, μ§μ ‘μ§€μ‹œ/μ‘°μ–Έ μ–Έμ–΄λ°˜μ‘μ„ μœ μ˜ν•œ μˆ˜μ€€μœΌλ‘œ 더 적게 λ³΄μ˜€λ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” μƒλ‹΄μžκ°€ μžμ‹ μ˜ μ •μ„œλ₯Ό ꡬ체적으둜 νƒμƒ‰ν•˜κ³  μΈμ‹ν•˜λ©° λ°›μ•„λ“€μ΄λŠ” κ²½ν—˜μ΄ λ‚΄λ‹΄μž μ €ν•­ 상황과 같은 ꡬ체적인 문제 μƒν™©μ—μ„œ μ§€μ†μ μœΌλ‘œ λ‚΄λ‹΄μžλ₯Ό ν–₯ν•΄ μ§‘μ€‘ν•˜λŠ” 데에 긍정적인 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ  수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 κ²½ν—˜μ μœΌλ‘œ ν™•μΈν•˜μ˜€κ³ , μ‹€μ‹œκ°„μœΌλ‘œ λ°œμƒν•˜λŠ” ν”Όν—˜μžμ˜ μ–Έμ–΄λ°˜μ‘μ΄ λ…ΉμŒλ  수 μžˆλ„λ‘ μ‹€ν—˜ ν™˜κ²½μ„ κ΅¬μ„±ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨ 보닀 μƒμƒν•˜κ³  μ‹€μ œμ— κ°€κΉŒμš΄ μƒλ‹΄μž μ–Έμ–΄λ°˜μ‘μ„ μˆ˜μ§‘ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€λŠ” 데에 κ·Έ μ˜μ˜κ°€ μžˆλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ κ²½ν—˜μ μΈ 자기초점 방식을 톡해 μ •μ„œλ₯Ό 적절히 μ‘°μ ˆν•˜κ³  μˆ˜μš©ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨ μ΄ˆλ³΄μƒλ‹΄μžλΌ 할지라도 λ‚΄λ‹΄μž μ €ν•­ 상황과 같이 μ–΄λ €μš΄ 상담 μž₯λ©΄μ—μ„œ μˆ™λ ¨μƒλ‹΄μžκ°€ λ³΄μ΄λŠ” μ–Έμ–΄λ°˜μ‘κ³Ό μœ μ‚¬ν•œ λ°˜μ‘μ„ 보일 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 ν™•μΈν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨ μΆ”ν›„ μ΄ˆλ³΄μƒλ‹΄μžμ˜ 상담 κ°œμž…μ— λŒ€ν•œ μˆ˜νΌλΉ„μ „κ³Ό κ΅μœ‘μ— μ‹œμ‚¬μ μ„ μ£Όμ—ˆλ‹€. ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” 기저선을 ν™•λ³΄ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜μ˜€κ³ , μƒλ‹΄μž μ–Έμ–΄λ°˜μ‘ μ›μžλ£Œλ₯Ό 유λͺ©μ— 따라 ν‰μ •ν•˜λŠ” μž‘μ—…μ˜ νŠΉμ„± 상 ν•œ λ²”μ£Ό λ‚΄μ—μ„œμ˜ μ„¬μ„Έν•œ 차이λ₯Ό λ³€λ³„ν•˜μ—¬ λ“œλŸ¬λ‚΄μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜λŠ” μ œν•œμ μ΄ μžˆλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ, λ™μ˜μƒ μžκ·Ήμ„ ν™œμš©ν•œ λͺ¨μ˜ 상담 연ꡬλ₯Ό μ±„νƒν•˜μ˜€κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μ‹€μ œ 개인 μƒλ‹΄μ—μ„œ μƒλ‹΄μžκ°€ ν•˜λŠ” μ–Έμ–΄λ°˜μ‘μ„ μ˜¨μ „ν•˜κ²Œ λ°˜μ˜ν•˜μ§€λŠ” λͺ»ν•œλ‹€λŠ” ν•œκ³„κ°€ μžˆλ‹€. 후속 μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ ν•œκ³„λ₯Ό κ·Ήλ³΅ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ–Έμ–΄λ°˜μ‘μ˜ 질적인 λΆ€λΆ„ μ—­μ‹œ ν‰μ •ν•˜μ—¬ λΆ„μ„ν•˜λŠ” 것을 μ œμ•ˆν•œλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ μ‹€μ œ λ‚΄λ‹΄μž 역할을 μˆ˜ν–‰ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 인물을 μ„­μ™Έν•˜μ—¬ μƒλ‹΄μž-λ‚΄λ‹΄μžκ°„ μƒν˜Έ μ˜μ‚¬μ†Œν†΅μ„ 톡해 μƒλ‹΄μž μ–Έμ–΄λ°˜μ‘μ„ μΈ‘μ •ν•˜λŠ” 방법도 κ³ λ €ν•΄λ³Ό 수 μžˆμ„ 것이닀.β… . μ„œλ‘  1 1. μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ ν•„μš”μ„± 및 λͺ©μ  1 2. 연ꡬ 문제 7 β…‘. 이둠적 λ°°κ²½ 8 1. 자기초점 8 2. λ‚΄λ‹΄μž μ €ν•­κ³Ό μƒλ‹΄μž μ–Έμ–΄λ°˜μ‘ 11 β…’. 연ꡬ방법 18 1. μ—°κ΅¬μ°Έμ—¬μž 18 2. μ—°κ΅¬μ ˆμ°¨ 19 3. 연ꡬ도ꡬ 22 1) 자기초점 μ§€μ‹œλ¬Έ 22 2) λͺ¨μ˜μƒλ‹΄ μ˜μƒ 24 3) 츑정도ꡬ 26 4) 뢄석방법 28 β…£. 연ꡬ결과 30 1. 결과뢄석을 μœ„ν•œ μžλ£Œκ²€ν†  30 2. 연ꡬ결과 31 β…€. λ…Όμ˜ 및 μ œμ–Έ 36 1. μš”μ•½ 및 λ…Όμ˜ 36 2. μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ 의의 및 μ‹œμ‚¬μ  40 3. μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ μ œν•œμ  및 후속 연ꡬλ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ μ œμ–Έ 42 μ°Έκ³ λ¬Έν—Œ 44 뢀둝 58 Abstract 71Maste

    Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) induces apoptosis in oral cavity cancer cells via ERK MAPK/RSK1/CREB signal transduction pathway

    No full text
    μ˜ν•™κ³Ό/석사[ν•œκΈ€]μ€ν–‰μžŽ μΆ”μΆœλ¬Όμ€‘ EGb 761은 ꡬ강암쒅 세포주인 SCC 1483 μ„Έν¬μ£Όμ—μ„œ 세포증식 μ–΅μ œμ™€ 세포고사λ₯Ό μœ λ„ν•˜λ©° caspase cascadeκ°€ κ΄€μ—¬ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μ•Œλ €μ Έ μžˆλ‹€. ν•œνŽΈ μ₯ λŒ€μ‹μ„Έν¬μ£ΌμΈ RAW 264.7 세포에 EGb 761의 염증 μ–΅μ œ μž‘μš©μ— mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK)κ°€ κ΄€μ—¬ν•œλ‹€κ³  ν•œλ‹€. 이에 λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ λͺ©μ μœΌλ‘œ EGb 761에 μ˜ν•œ SCC 1483 μ„Έν¬μ£Όμ˜ 세포고사가 MAPK μ‹ ν˜Έμ „λ‹¬κ²½λ‘œ(signal transduction pathway)의 ν™œμ„±ν™”μ— μ˜ν•œ 것인가λ₯Ό μ•Œκ³ μž ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, ν™œμ„±ν™”λœ kinase에 μ˜ν•΄ ν•΅λ‚΄ kinase와 μ „μ‚¬μΈμžκ°€ ν™œμ„±ν™”λ˜λŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό 보아 μ–΄λ–€ κΈ°μ „μœΌλ‘œ 세포고사가 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ” κ°€λ₯Ό μ•Œκ³ μž ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€.재료 및 λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬λžŒ ꡬ강암쒅 세포주인 SCC 1483 세포주에 EGb 761 250 ㎍/ml을 νˆ¬μ—¬ν•œ ν›„ p-ERK, p-p38, p-JNK 등에 λŒ€ν•΄ Western blot 뢄석을 ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ˜ν•œ ν™œμ„±ν™”λ˜λŠ” MAPK의 μ–΅μ œμ œλ₯Ό νˆ¬μ—¬ν•˜μ—¬ 이에 λŒ€ν•΄ flow cytometryλ₯Ό μ‹œν–‰ν•˜μ˜€κ³ , kinase-deficient MEK1 mutatant plasmidλ₯Ό μ „λ‹¬κ°μ—Όμ‹œν‚¨ ν›„ EGb 761을 νˆ¬μ—¬ν•˜μ—¬ 각 kinase에 λŒ€ν•œ Western blot 뢄석과 flow cytometryλ₯Όμ‹œν–‰ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€.결과둜 EGb 761 νˆ¬μ—¬μ— μ˜ν•΄ ERK MAPK만이 ν™œμ„±ν™”λ˜μ—ˆμœΌλ©° ERK μ–΅μ œμ œμΈ PD98059 νˆ¬μ—¬μ— μ˜ν•΄ 세포고사가 μœ μ˜ν•˜κ²Œ κ°μ†Œν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ˜ν•œ MEK1, RSK1, CREB 각각에 λŒ€ν•œ dominant negative 연ꡬ 상 ERK MAPK/RSK1/CREB의 kinaseκ°€ EGb 761 νˆ¬μ—¬μ— μ˜ν•΄ 순차적으둜 ν™œμ„±ν™”λ˜μ—ˆμœΌλ©° EGb 761에 μ˜ν•΄ μœ λ„λœ 세포고사가 각 kinase의 μ–΅μ œλ‘œ 인해 μœ μ˜ν•˜κ²Œ κ°μ†Œν•˜μ˜€λ‹€.μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 결과둜 μ‚¬λžŒ ꡬ강암쒅 세포주인 SCC 1483에 EGb 761을 νˆ¬μ—¬ μ‹œ 세포고사가 μœ λ„λ˜λ©° 이 세포고사에 ERK MAPK/RSK1/CREB의 μ‹ ν˜Έμ „λ‹¬ κ²½λ‘œκ°€ 관여함을 μ•Œ 수 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. [영문]Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) induces inhibition of cell proliferation and apoptosis by the activation of casepase-3 in SCC 1483 oral cavity cancer cells. On the other hand, in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, activation of mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) is the key event in inhibition of inflammation by EGb 761. Therefore, we have investigated whether MAPK pathway is involved in the apoptotic process by EGb 761 in oral cavity cancer cells.In SCC 1483 oral cavity cancer cells, Western blot analysis, FACS analysis, and transient transfection using MAPK-dominant negative constructs were used.When SCC 1483 oral cavity cancer cells were treated with the concentration of 250 ㎍/ml EGb 761, activation of ERK and apoptosis were noted. This apoptosis was inhibited by the treatment with ERK inhibitor (PD98059). In the transiently transfected cells by MEK1-dominant negative construct, phosphorylations of ERK and RSK1 were inhibited which led to the inhibition of apoptosis by EGb 761. The inhibition of apoptosis was also noted in the transfected cells by RSK1 dominant negative construct and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB)-dominant negative construct.In conclusion, the apoptosis of SCC 1483 oral cavity cancer cells by EGb 761 is linked to the activation of ERK and it can happen via ERK MAPK/RSK1/CREB signal transduction pathway.ope

    μ‚¬λžŒ νŽΈλ„μ„ μ—μ„œ 얻어진 λ¦Όν”„ 쑰직 μœ λ„μ„Έν¬μ˜ μž„μƒμ  νŠΉμ§•

    No full text
    Dept. of Medicine/박사Lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells, found in mouse secondary lymphoid tissue, influence the development of lymph nodes and Peyer’s patches, and play critical roles in lymphoid tissue development and maintenance of CD4 dependent immune responses. A number of attempts have been made to search for the human equivalent of murine LTi cells. However, the presentation of human LTi-like cells in various conditions has not been elucidated yet. Therefore, this study was designed to explore the relationship between LTi-like cells and the patients’ clinical and immunological conditions. Initially, the quantity of CD117+CD3-CD56- LTi-like cells separated from human tonsil tissue was analyzed in conjunction with clinical factors (sex, age, height, weight, tonsil size, allergy, IgE and eosinophils), and T cells and B cells. Then, as the importance of CD127+ expression was reported, CD117+CD3-CD56-CD127+ LTi cells were also evaluated along with clinical factors and T cells. The expression of OX40L and IL-22 on CD117+CD3-CD56- cells isolated from tissues afflicted with frequent tonsillitis was also investigated. T-test analysis and Pearson’s correlation coefficient analysis were used to test for statistical significance and a p-value less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results show that the presence of frequent tonsillitis showed a correlation to LTi cells. The percentage of naΓ―ve CD4 T cells and memory CD4 T cells was significantly related to that of LTi cells. Additionally, the percentage of naΓ―ve CD4 T cells and memory CD4 T cells was significantly associated with each other. However, B cells isolated from the palatine tonsil did not show a correlation with LTi cells. The frequent tonsillitis group showed high levels of constitutive OX40L expression on the LTi-like cells, and the production of IL-22 was increased.These results suggest that LTi cells are stimulated and increased by cytokines secreted under conditions of frequent inflammation, and that these increased LTi cells prolong the survival of memory CD4 T cells and increase the number of naΓ―ve CD4 T cells which may lead to induction of early intrinsic immunity. Further studies of this sequence should be performed.ope

    Antiadhesive effect of the mixed solution of sodium hyaluronate and sodium carboxymethylcellulose after endoscopic sinus surgery

    No full text
    Background: We evaluated the clinical efficacy and safety of the mixed solution of sodium hyaluronate and sodium carboxymethylcellulose (HA-CMC) for prevention of adhesion after endoscopic sinus surgery. Methods: Preoperative computed tomography (CT) scans were graded. At the completion of surgery, HA-CMC was applied to Merocel and repeatedly applied after the removal of Merocel. As a control, normal saline was applied. Endoscopic examination was performed postoperatively and grading was done. Results: The rate of adhesion was the highest at 2 weeks postoperatively and was significantly lower in the HA-CMC–treated group than the control on all postoperative days. The grouping of cases by CT scores at 2 weeks postoperatively showed lower adhesion formation with the HA-CMC treatment than the control. The safety profile of the patients was normal at 4 weeks postoperatively. Conclusion: HA-CMC is an efficacious and safe material in decreasing the incidence of adhesion after endoscopic sinus surgery.ope

    Mediating Effect of Self-regulated Learning Strategy on the Relationship between Parenting Attitude perceived by Adolescents and Their Academic Procrastination

    No full text
    λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” 고등학생듀이 μ§€κ°ν•œ λΆ€λͺ¨μ–‘μœ‘νƒœλ„μ™€ μžκΈ°μ‘°μ ˆν•™μŠ΅μ „λž΅ 및 학업미루기 κ°„μ˜ 관계 λͺ¨ν˜•μ„ μ„€μ •ν•˜ κ³ , λΆ€λͺ¨μ–‘μœ‘νƒœλ„μ™€ ν•™μ—…λ―Έλ£¨κΈ°μ™€μ˜ κ΄€κ³„μ—μ„œ μžκΈ°μ‘°μ ˆν•™μŠ΅μ „λž΅μ˜ 맀개효과λ₯Ό κ²€μ¦ν•˜κ³ μž ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 이λ₯Ό μœ„ν•˜μ—¬ 경기도 μ†Œμž¬ Gμ‹œμ˜ 6개 고등학ꡐ 학생 300λͺ…(λ‚¨μž 139λͺ…, μ—¬μž 161λͺ…)을 λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ λΆ€λͺ¨μ–‘μœ‘νƒœλ„, μžκΈ°μ‘°μ ˆν•™μŠ΅ μ „λž΅, 학업미루기 등을 μΈ‘μ •ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 뢄석결과 μΈ‘μ •λͺ¨ν˜•μ—μ„œλŠ” κ°œλ³„ κ΄€μΈ‘λ³€μˆ˜κ°€ 신뒰성이 있으며 μž μž¬λ³€μˆ˜λ“€μ„ 잘 μ„€λͺ…ν•˜κ³  있음이 ν™•μΈλ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. 연ꡬλͺ¨ν˜• λ˜ν•œ μ–‘ν˜Έν•œ 적합도λ₯Ό λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄κ³  μžˆμ–΄ λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œ 이둠적 κ·Όκ±°λ₯Ό ν† λŒ€ 둜 μ„€κ³„λœ 연ꡬλͺ¨ν˜•μ΄ λ³€μΈκ°„μ˜ 관계λ₯Ό 잘 μ„€λͺ…ν•˜κ³  있음이 ν™•μΈλ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. κ·Έ κ²°κ³Ό λΆ€λͺ¨μ–‘μœ‘νƒœλ„λŠ” μžκΈ°μ‘°μ ˆν•™μŠ΅ μ „λž΅μ„ 톡해 학업미루기에 영ν–₯을 λ―Έμ³€κ³ , μ΄λŠ” μžκΈ°μ‘°μ ˆν•™μŠ΅μ „λž΅μ΄ λΆ€λͺ¨μ–‘μœ‘νƒœλ„μ™€ ν•™μ—…λ―Έλ£¨κΈ°μ˜ 관계λ₯Ό μ™„μ „ λ§€κ°œν•¨μ„ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚Έλ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ 후속연ꡬ 및 μƒλ‹΄ν˜„μž₯μ—μ„œμ˜ μ‹œμ‚¬μ μ„ λ…Όν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. The current study developed a model explaining the relationships among perceived parenting attitude, self-regulated learning strategy and academic procrastination of high school students. More specifically, the mediation effect of self-regulated learning strategy was examined as adolescents perceived parenting attitude affected their academic procrastination. Three hundred students (139 male, 161 female) from six high schools located in the Gyeonggi Province participated in the study. Findings suggest that perceived parenting attitude influenced students academic procrastination via self-regulated learning strategy, where self-regulated learning strategy acted as a complete mediator.λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” 2010년도 μ •λΆ€(κ΅μœ‘κ³Όν•™κΈ°μˆ λΆ€)의 μž¬μ›μœΌλ‘œ ν•œκ΅­μ—°κ΅¬μž¬λ‹¨μ˜ ν•œκ΅­μ‚¬νšŒκΈ°λ°˜μ—°κ΅¬μ‚¬μ—…(SSK) 지원을 λ°›μ•„ μ§„ν–‰ν•œ λ…Όλ¬Έμž„(NRF 2010-B00218)

    Validation of Multiple Intelligence Scale for Elementary Students: A Two-Dimension Interest-Ability Assessment

    No full text
    The current study was conducted to validate an intelligence scale that assesses interests and abilities of upper level elementary students based on Gardner (1999)s theory of multiple intelligence. Four intelligence areas (verbal-linguistic, logical-mathematical, visual-spatial, and interpersonal) were included in the scale. 1,253 elementary students in grades 3~6 across Korea participated in the preliminary assessment with intial items along with an established intelligence test for criterion validity. Analyses on the data confirmed the scales reliability and validity. All the interest and ability scales appeared to have high internal consistency and seemed to have significant positive correlations with each other. The Multiple Intelligence Scale was positively correlated with an existing intelligence test. Exploratory factor analysis revealed that the factor structures of each intelligence domain are adequate. Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated that the model fit is satisfactory. The studys significance, limitations, and suggestions for future studies are discussed.λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” Gardner(1999)의 닀쀑지λŠ₯ 이둠에 κ·Όκ±°ν•˜μ—¬ μ΄ˆλ“±ν•™μƒμ˜ ν₯미와 λŠ₯λ ₯을 μΈ‘μ •ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ 척도λ₯Ό κ°œλ°œν•˜κ³  이λ₯Ό νƒ€λ‹Ήν™”ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ 것이닀. 척도에 ν¬ν•¨λœ 닀쀑지λŠ₯ μ˜μ—­μ€ 총 4κ°€μ§€λ‘œ, μ–Έμ–΄ 지λŠ₯, λ…Όλ¦¬μˆ˜ν•™ 지λŠ₯, 곡간 지λŠ₯, λŒ€μΈκ΄€κ³„ 지λŠ₯이닀. 이λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ μ „κ΅­μ˜ μ΄ˆλ“±ν•™μƒ 3~6ν•™λ…„ 1253λͺ…을 λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ 섀문을 μ‹€μ‹œν•˜μ˜€κ³  타당도와 신뒰도λ₯Ό κ²½ν—˜μ μœΌλ‘œ κ²€μ¦ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 탐색적 μš”μΈλΆ„μ„ κ²°κ³Ό 각 μ˜μ—­μ˜ μš”μΈκ΅¬μ‘°κ°€ μ ν•©ν•œ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬κ³ , 확인적 μš”μΈλΆ„μ„ κ²°κ³Ό λͺ¨ν˜•μ˜ 적합도도 μ–‘ν˜Έν•œ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜ ꡬ성타당도가 ν™•μΈλ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. 신뒰도 뢄석 κ²°κ³Ό ν₯미와 λŠ₯λ ₯ 각 μ˜μ—­ μ²™λ„λ“€μ˜ 내적 ν•©μΉ˜λ„λ„ 높은 κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬λ‹€. ν₯λ―Έ, λŠ₯λ ₯ 각 μ˜μ—­λ³„ 척도듀 κ°„μ˜ 상관을 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³Έ κ²°κ³Ό μœ μ˜ν•œ 정적상관이 μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬κ³ , 닀쀑지λŠ₯ λŠ₯λ ₯ 검사와 μˆ˜ν–‰ λŠ₯λ ₯ 검사 간에 μœ μ˜ν•œ 정적상관이 μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜ μ²™λ„μ˜ 쀀거타당도도 ν™•μΈλ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ μ˜μ˜μ™€ μ œν•œμ  및 후속 연ꡬ λ°©ν–₯은 λ…Όμ˜μ—μ„œ λ‹€λ£¨μ—ˆλ‹€.이 λ…Όλ¬Έ(μ €μ„œ)λŠ” 2013λ…„ μ •λΆ€(κ΅μœ‘λΆ€)의 μž¬μ›μœΌλ‘œ ν•œκ΅­μ—°κ΅¬μž¬λ‹¨μ˜ 지원을 λ°›μ•„ μˆ˜ν–‰λœ μ—°κ΅¬μž„ (NRF-2013S1A3A2055007
    corecore