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    ์‚ฐ์‚ฌํƒœ, ํ™์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์žฌํ•ด ํ”ผํ•ด ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์  ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ฒด๊ณ„

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ํ˜‘๋™๊ณผ์ • ์กฐ๊ฒฝํ•™,2019. 8. ์ด๋™๊ทผ.In recent years, it has been reported that climate change is leading to increased damage and losses caused by natural hazards. Moreover, reports of compound disasters caused by multiple hazards in extreme weather events are becoming more frequent. Efforts have been made to improve risk management for natural hazards; however, there has been little discussion about providing an integrated framework supported by technical tools to establish an efficient and effective management plan based on quantitative analyses. Meanwhile, risk management tools and frameworks have been developed intensively in the industrial sector for decades. Applying risk management practices proven in the industrial sector can assist in systematic hazard identification and quantitative risk analysis for natural hazards, thereby potentially helping to reduce unwanted losses and to promote interactive risk communication. The objective of this study is to introduce methods of studying risk commonly used in the process industry, and to suggest how such methods can be applied to manage natural disasters, providing an integrated risk management framework. In particular, the hazard and operability (HAZOP), safety integrated level (SIL), and quantitative risk assessment (QRA) methods were investigated for the parts of the risk management process, which are risk identification, risk analysis, risk treatment, risk evaluation, and risk acceptance, as these methods are used to conduct key risk studies in industry. Herein, a literature review regarding those key risk studies and their application in various fields is briefly presented, together with an overview of risk management for natural hazards and multi-hazard risks. Next, common ways of implementing these risk studies for managing natural hazards are presented, with a focus on methodological considerations. First, a case study is presented in which HAZOP is applied to identify climate-related natural hazards in an organization using a worksheet that lists and evaluates natural hazards. Second, a study applying SIL is presented, in which the probability of landslide and rockfall occurrence is estimated based on the concept of reliability, indicating how probability values can be used for landslide risk management. In the third part, a simplified QRA for landslide hazard is exemplified through the case of site planning for a resort facility on a mountain hill, with the purpose of illustrating how stakeholders can make decisions on spatial planning regarding risk acceptance. In addition, this part presents the result of impact assessments conducted using physically-based models for cases involving multiple hazards, such as a post-wildfire landslide and complex flooding resulting from dam collapse. The technical approaches used in this studyโ€”systematic hazard identification, time-dependent reliability, and quantitative risk assessment for single or compound disasters using physically-based modelsโ€”provide the methods to resolve the difficulty of establishing tools for managing the risk from natural hazards. The analysis presented in this study also provides a useful framework for improving the risk management of natural hazards through establishing a more systematic context and facilitating risk communication between decision-makers and the public.๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ž์—ฐ์žฌํ•ด๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ถ”์„ธ์ด๋ฉฐ, ํญ์šฐ ๋“ฑ ๊ทนํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ƒ ํ˜„์ƒ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์žฌํ•ด ํ”ผํ•ด ์—ญ์‹œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฐ„ ์ž์—ฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์š”์†Œ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์€ ์žˆ์–ด์™”์œผ๋‚˜, ํ†ตํ•ฉ์ฒด๊ณ„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜๋Š” ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ํŽธ์ด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ •๋Ÿ‰์  ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ ๋ถ„์„์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ํšจ์œจ์  ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ฒด๊ณ„ ํ™•๋ฆฝ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋„ ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ ์ • ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ œ๊ณต์— ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, ์žฌํ•ด๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์†์‹ค ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ ๋ฐ ์ €๊ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์  ์œ„ํ—˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋Š” ์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„๊ฐ„ ์‚ฐ์—… ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ง‘์ค‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž์—ฐ์žฌํ•ด ์œ„ํ—˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ธ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๊ฒ€์ฆ๋œ ์šด์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ฑ„ํƒํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ด์ƒ ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋…ธ์ถœ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋˜๋Š” ์ธ๋ช… ๋ฐ ์ž์‚ฐ ์†์‹ค์„ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์„์œ ํ™”ํ•™ ์—…์ข…์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์œ„ํ—˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž์—ฐ์žฌํ•ด ์‚ฌ๋ก€์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์  ์œ„ํ—˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ ๊ด€๋ จ ์Šคํ„ฐ๋”” ์ค‘ ์ฃผ์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‹คํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ์œ„ํ—˜ ๋ฐ ์ž‘๋™์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€ (The Hazard and Operability โ€“HAZOP), ์•ˆ์ „ ํ†ตํ•ฉ ์ˆ˜์ค€ ๋ถ„์„ (Safety Integrated Level โ€“ SIL), ์ •๋Ÿ‰์  ์œ„ํ—˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€ (Quantitative Risk Assessment โ€“ QRA) ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ , ์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค์ด ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ์˜ ํ™•์ธ, ๋ถ„์„, ์ €๊ฐ, ํ‰๊ฐ€, ์ˆ˜์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์ž์—ฐ์žฌํ•ด ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ „๋ฐ˜์— ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋จผ์ € ์œ„์—์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ์„ธ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ ์Šคํ„ฐ๋””๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฌธํ—Œ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ์ ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜„ํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ž์—ฐ์žฌํ•ด ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‹ค์ค‘ ์œ„ํ—˜ ์š”์†Œ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์žฌํ•ด ์œ ํ˜•์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ, ์ด ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ ์Šคํ„ฐ๋””๋“ค์ด ์‹คํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ , ์ž์—ฐ์žฌํ•ด ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ์ ์šฉ๋˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ธฐํ›„ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ž์—ฐ์žฌํ•ด์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜ ์š”์ธ์„ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ HAZOP ์Šคํ„ฐ๋”” ์‚ฌ๋ก€์ด๋ฉฐ, ์›Œํฌ์‹œํŠธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ๋‚ด์— ๋ฐœ์ƒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž์—ฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์‚ฐ์‚ฌํƒœ์™€ ๋‚™์„ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์˜ ํ™•๋ฅ ์„ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„ ๊ฐœ๋…์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•œ SIL ์Šคํ„ฐ๋””๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์‚ฐ์ •๋œ ํ™•๋ฅ  ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฐ์‚ฌํƒœ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ๋กœ, ์‚ฐ์‚ฌํƒœ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ์ •๋Ÿ‰์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•œ QRA ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‚ฐ์•… ์ง€์—ญ ํŽœ์…˜ ๋ฆฌ์กฐํŠธ์˜ ๋ถ€์ง€ ์„ ์ • ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋…ธ์ถœ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฐ์‚ฌํƒœ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ„ํš์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ์•„์šธ๋Ÿฌ, ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฐ๋ถˆ ํ›„ ์‚ฐ์‚ฌํƒœ์™€ ํ˜ธ์šฐ ์‹œ ๋Œ ๋ถ•๊ดด๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ํ™์ˆ˜, ๋‘๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์žฌํ•ด ์‚ฌ๋ก€์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ  ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์‹ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋…ผ์˜ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์ธ ์ฒด๊ณ„์  ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ ์‹๋ณ„, ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„, ์ •๋Ÿ‰์  ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€, ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์žฌํ•ด ์˜ํ–ฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ž์—ฐ์žฌํ•ด ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ๋“ค๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์˜์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ž์™€ ๋Œ€์ค‘ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ ๊ด€๋ จ ์˜์‚ฌ ์†Œํ†ต์„ ์›ํ™œํžˆ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฒด๊ณ„์  ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ž์—ฐ์žฌํ•ด ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”๋ฐ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ํ†ตํ•ฉ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.Table of Contents 1. Introduction ๏ผ‘ 1.1 Study background and objective ๏ผ‘ 1.2 Study scope ๏ผ˜ 2. Theoretical paradigm and literature review ๏ผ‘๏ผ’ 2.1 Natural hazard management and communication ๏ผ‘๏ผ’ 2.1.1 The status of natural disaster occurrence ๏ผ‘๏ผ’ 2.1.2 Risk management for natural hazard ๏ผ‘๏ผ• 2.1.3 Communication on risk information ๏ผ‘๏ผ˜ 2.2 Industrial risk management practices ๏ผ’๏ผ 2.2.1 Risk identification ๏ผ’๏ผ 2.2.2 Risk analysis and treatment ๏ผ’๏ผ“ 2.2.3 Risk evaluation and acceptance ๏ผ’๏ผ• 2.3 Type and impact of multi-hazard risk ๏ผ’๏ผ— 2.4 Comparison of risk assessment methodologies ๏ผ“๏ผ’ 3. Risk identification for climate change issues ๏ผ“๏ผ• 3.1 Method for risk identification ๏ผ“๏ผ• 3.2 Result of risk identification ๏ผ”๏ผ 3.2.1 Climate change risk identification ๏ผ”๏ผ 3.3 Discussion on risk identification ๏ผ”๏ผ’ 4. Risk analysis and treatment for natural hazards ๏ผ”๏ผ• 4.1 Method for risk analysis and treatment ๏ผ”๏ผ• 4.2 Results of risk analysis and treatment ๏ผ–๏ผ‘ 4.2.1 Risk analysis and treatment for landslide hazard ๏ผ–๏ผ‘ 4.2.2 Risk analysis and treatment for rockfall hazard ๏ผ–๏ผ™ 4.3 Discussion on risk analysis and treatment ๏ผ˜๏ผ‘ 5. Risk evaluation and acceptance for compound disasters ๏ผ˜๏ผ— 5.1 Method for risk evaluation and acceptance ๏ผ˜๏ผ— 5.2 Result of risk evaluation and acceptance ๏ผ‘๏ผ๏ผ 5.2.1 QRA with physically-based landslide model ๏ผ‘๏ผ๏ผ 5.2.2 Impact assessment of post-wildfire landslides ๏ผ‘๏ผ๏ผ• 5.2.3 Impact assessment of complex flooding ๏ผ‘๏ผ๏ผ™ 5.3 Discussion on risk evaluation and acceptance ๏ผ‘๏ผ‘๏ผ” 6. Discussion ๏ผ‘๏ผ’๏ผ’ 7. Conclusion ๏ผ‘๏ผ’๏ผ•Docto

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ํ–‰์ •๋Œ€ํ•™์› ๊ณต๊ธฐ์—…์ •์ฑ…ํ•™๊ณผ, 2022. 8. ๊ณ ๊ธธ๊ณค.20์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ดํ›„ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ SNS๋ผ๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฒฝ์„ ํ—ˆ๋ฌด๋Š” ์†Œํ†ต์˜ ์žฅ(ๅ ด)์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ ์†์—์„œ ํƒ€์ธ์˜ ์‚ถ์„ ์ž์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ํˆฌ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€๊นŒ์ง€ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋กœ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฌธํ™”์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ Š์€ ์†Œ๋น„์ธต์˜ ํ•ด์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ ์„ ํ˜ธ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ธ‰์†ํžˆ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ผฐ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ•ญ๊ณต๊ณผ ์ˆ™๋ฐ•, ๋จน๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ƒํ’ˆ๊ณผ ์—ฌํ–‰ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์Šต๋“ํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜ˆ์•ฝ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ์ œ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ์• ํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํญ๋ฐœ์ ์ธ ํ˜ธ์‘์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์™”๋‹ค. ์•„์šธ๋Ÿฌ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜ธ์‘์€ ์†Œ๋น„์ž ๊ฐœ๊ฐœ์ธ์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋น„ํ–‰ํƒœ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์—๋„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์‚ฌ์ „์— ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๊ณ , ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์ „๋žต์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝยท์‹œํ–‰ํ•œ ๋งˆ์ผ€ํŒ… ํ™œ๋™์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฌผ์ด๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ๊ตํ†ต ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋“ค์ด ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตํ†ต์ˆ˜๋‹จ๋ณ„ ์„ ํ˜ธ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ , ํš์ผ์  ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์— ์ตœ์šฐ์„  ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์„ธ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ ์„ธ๋Œ€์˜ ์ž ์žฌ์  ์„ ํ˜ธ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋น„๊ต ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ง€์—ญ๋ณ„๋กœ ๊ฐ–์ถ”์–ด์ง„ ๊ตํ†ต ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ณ , ์ง€๋ฆฌ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ์ง€์—ญ ํŠน์œ ์˜ ๊ด€์Šต ๋“ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ง€์—ญ์  ์„ฑํ–ฅ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ตํ†ต์ˆ˜๋‹จ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์†Œ๋น„์ž์˜ ์„ ํ˜ธ์ฒด๊ณ„ ์—ญ์‹œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ธ๊ตฌํ†ต๊ณ„ํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตํ†ต์ˆ˜๋‹จ ์ด์šฉ ์‹œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์„ค๋ฌธ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ ๋‹คํ•ญ ๋กœ์ง€์Šคํ‹ฑ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ชจํ˜•๊ณผ ์„ ํƒ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ปจ์กฐ์ธํŠธ ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ˆ˜๋„๊ถŒ์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋น„์ˆ˜๋„๊ถŒ์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ตํ†ต์ˆ˜๋‹จ์„ ์„ ํƒํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์„ ํƒ์š”์ธ์—์„œ ์„œ๋กœ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ†ตํ–‰์œ ํ˜•์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ถŒ์—ญ ๋‚ด ํ†ตํ–‰์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์™€ ๊ถŒ์—ญ ๊ฐ„ ํ†ตํ–‰์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์†Œ๋น„์ž๊ฐ€ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตํ†ต์ˆ˜๋‹จ์ด ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฆ„๋„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์‘๋‹ต์ž ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตํ†ต์ˆ˜๋‹จ ์„ ํƒ ์‹œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ์†์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ํ˜„์‹œ ์„ ํ˜ธ์ฒด๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” โ€˜ํŽธ๋ฆฌ์„ฑโ€™์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์€ ์„ ํƒ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์œผ๋‚˜, ์ž ์žฌ์  ์„ ํ˜ธ์ฒด๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” โ€˜์‹ ์†์„ฑโ€™์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์†์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๊ณ , โ€˜๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑโ€™์˜ ์ค‘์š”๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š”, ํ˜„์žฌ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตํ†ต์ˆ˜๋‹จ์„ ์„ ํƒํ•  ๋•Œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์œผ๋กœ โ€˜ํŽธ์˜์„ฑโ€™์— ๋†’์€ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•œ ์‘๋‹ต์ž๋“ค์ด ๊ตํ†ต์ˆ˜๋‹จ๋ณ„ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์†์„ฑ์„ ์กฐํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตฌ์ƒํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ƒ์˜ ์†์„ฑ ํ”„๋กœํŒŒ์ผ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” โ€˜์‹ ์†์„ฑโ€™๊ณผ โ€˜๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑโ€™์— ๋” ๋†’์€ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š”, ๊ตํ†ต์ˆ˜๋‹จ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋“ค์ด ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ํšจ์šฉ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค ์ตœ์ดˆ ์ถœ๋ฐœ์ง€์—์„œ ์ตœ์ข… ๋ชฉ์ ์ง€์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋น ๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™์„ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” โ€˜์‹œ๊ฐ„์  ํšจ์šฉโ€™์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์šธ๋Ÿฌ, ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์—ฌ์œ ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์†Œ๋น„์ธต์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” โ€˜ํŽธ๋ฆฌ์„ฑโ€™ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ, ๊ตํ†ต์ˆ˜๋‹จ์„ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์—…์ž๋Š” ์ด ์—ญ์‹œ ๊ฐ„๊ณผํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง๊ณ  ๊ณ ๊ฐ ์„ธ๋ถ„ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹คํšจ์„ฑ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งˆ์ผ€ํŒ… ์ „๋žต ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.Since the 20th century, people around the world share information through social media, a communication platform that breaks down borders and time barriers, and change oneโ€™s personal values easily by projecting other peopleโ€™s lives on themselves. For instance, in recent years, technological and cultural evolvement of society gave a rise to the rapid increase in preference of overseas travel among young consumers and have led the explosive response to mobile applications that not only provide related information including flight, accommodation, foods and etc; but also enable reservation and payment as well. This phenomenon is the result of timely established and implemented marketing strategy based upon ex-ante analysis and study of causality between individualโ€™s value and consumption behavior, Going along with the current trends, this study identified the consumersโ€™ preference system regarding means of transportation under the given circumstances and compared each generationsโ€™ stated preference, including the new generation, which prior improving the quality of life besides the uniform thinking. In addition to that, by each region, it was judged that the transportation preference system will vary due to the different traffic environment and regional inclination difference resultant from geographical characteristics and local customs. Based on this, in this study, questionnaire items were designed and surveyed to collect personal characteristic appears while using means of transportation including demographic characteristics; and, utilized multinomial logistic regression model and choice-based conjoint model as a tool for data analysis. As a result of the analysis, prior factor for transportation selection varied between resident of a metropolitan area and non-metropolitan area. It was also confirmed that preference different by travel type such as travel within the region or cross the region. Furthermore, the most preferred attribute for transportation selection among all respondents, โ€˜Convenienceโ€™ has been selected in the revealed preference system. However, in the stated preference system, it has been identified that โ€˜Speedโ€™ as the mostly important attribute and โ€˜Economyโ€™ as following. This explains that respondents who gave โ€˜Convenienceโ€™ as the mostly important factor for the transportation selection have valued โ€˜Speedโ€™ and โ€˜Economyโ€™ more while making choices in the virtual attribute profiles composed by combining representative attribute of each transportation modes. These results can be interpreted as follow : the best utility pursued by consumers while using transportation is, above all, the โ€˜Tim utilityโ€™ which reflects the desire of fastest travel from the initial departure to the final destination. With additional comment, transportation operators should notice that analysis also indicated that wealthy consumersโ€™ top priority was โ€˜Convenienceโ€™. Accordingly, establishing effective marketing strategies under customer segmentation must be carried out.์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ ๋ก  1 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  1 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 7 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฒด๊ณ„ 9 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ์ด๋ก ์  ๊ณ ์ฐฐ ๋ฐ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒ€ํ†  10 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์ด๋ก ์  ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 10 1. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ๊ตํ†ต์‚ฐ์—… 10 2. ๊ตํ†ต์ˆ˜๋‹จ ์„ ํƒ์š”์ธ๊ณผ ์†Œ๋น„์ž ์„ ํ˜ธ์ฒด๊ณ„ 12 3. ์ปจ์กฐ์ธํŠธ ๋ถ„์„(Conjoint Analysis) 14 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒ€ํ†  17 1. ๊ตํ†ต์ˆ˜๋‹จ ์„ ํƒ๋ชจํ˜•์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 17 2. ์„ ํƒ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ปจ์กฐ์ธํŠธ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 19 3. ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์ปจ์กฐ์ธํŠธ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 24 4. ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€์˜ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์„ฑ ๊ฒ€ํ†  26 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์„ค๊ณ„ 28 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ณผ์ œ 28 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์ž๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 32 1. ์ž๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜์ง‘ 32 2. ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 34 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ๋ชจํ˜•์„ค๊ณ„ 40 1. ๋‹คํ•ญ ๋กœ์ง€์Šคํ‹ฑ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ชจํ˜• 40 2. ์ปจ์กฐ์ธํŠธ ๋ชจํ˜• 41 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ถ„์„ 47 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 47 1. ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ†ต๊ณ„ ๋ถ„์„ 47 2. ๊ตํ†ต์ˆ˜๋‹จ ์„ ํƒ์˜ ํ˜„์‹œ ์„ ํ˜ธ์ฒด๊ณ„ ๋ถ„์„ 53 3. ๊ตํ†ต์ˆ˜๋‹จ ์„ ํƒ์˜ ์ž ์žฌ ์„ ํ˜ธ์ฒด๊ณ„ ๋ถ„์„ 67 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์†Œ๋น„์ž ์„ ํ˜ธ์ฒด๊ณ„ ๋น„๊ต ๋ถ„์„ 71 1. ์ˆ˜๋„๊ถŒ๊ณผ ๋น„์ˆ˜๋„๊ถŒ์˜ ๊ตํ†ต์ˆ˜๋‹จ ์„ ํ˜ธ์ฒด๊ณ„ ๋น„๊ต ๋ถ„์„ 71 2. ํ†ตํ–‰์œ ํ˜•์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ตํ†ต์ˆ˜๋‹จ ์„ ํ˜ธ์ฒด๊ณ„ ๋น„๊ต ๋ถ„์„ 71 3. ๊ตํ†ต์ˆ˜๋‹จ ์„ ํ˜ธ์š”์ธ ๋น„๊ต ๋ถ„์„ 72 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํ•ด์„ 74 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ ๋ก  77 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  77 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ 80 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 82 ์„ค ๋ฌธ ์ง€ 87 Abstract 93์„

    ์ฑ„๊ถŒ๋ฐœ์ƒ์˜ ์›์ธ์ด ๋„์‚ฐ์ ˆ์ฐจ๊ฐœ์‹œ ์ „ํ›„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๋ฒ•๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๋ฒ•ํ•™๊ณผ,2019. 8. ์ด๋™์ง„.Throughout all the world, insolvency, at its essence, is about the treatment and disposition of prepetition claims and postpetition claims. Bearing in mind the distinctive features of prepetition claims and postpetition claims where the former are generally classified as insolvency claims subject to restrictions as per insolvency procedures while the latter as administration claims granted the rights to be paid irrespective of insolvency procedures, one may well assert that the actual amount of realized payment will consequently be different by a significant margin. Thus, it does matter to classify straddle claims before and after the order for relief. In South Korea, the part-fulfillment test(์ผ๋ถ€๊ตฌ๋น„์„ค) is widely accepted as a common view. In pursuant to the part-fulfillment test, once a particular debt in question is affirmatively established as insolvency claims, other claims that do not fall into the category of insolvency claims but nevertheless fulfill the requirement of administration claims are deemed administration claims. Even if the claims are unliquidated, contingent, unmatured, disputed, they can be classified as insolvency claims when the significant part of the claims are fulfilled prepetition. It seemingly is due to the reception of the Japanese insolvency acts which has eventually resulted in South Korean insolvency frameworks adopting the relevant Japanese legal theories and precedents that developed on the basis of the part-fulfillment test. But the word 'the significant part of the claims' is too vague to establish a clear and consistent criterion. Among the cases of the Supreme Court of South Korea, some cases contradict each other. In Japan, a scholar following the part-fulfillment test even admits that the test has its defects as some cases of the Supreme Court of Japan are inconsistent. The 'theory of deduction(ๆŽง้™ค่ชฌ)' in Japan, based on the study of history of theories about classifying claims, criticizes the present common view in Japan, the part-fulfillment test, and suggests that the claims subject to insolvency risks be insolvency claims and the claims free from insolvency risks be administration claims. It may sound like a tautology, but it pinpoints that the present part-fulfillment test is far from realizing the essence of treatment and disposition of claims, using the word 'the significant part of the claims'. However, the theory of deduction also leaves much to be desired to set a clear and consistent criterion. In the United States, timing problems of claims in insolvency have been an important research theme, making use of a substantial balancing test. Thus, the arguments in the United States serve as a good reference. The theories of the United States do not apparently dichotomize, but virtually distinguish contractual claims from non-contractual claims. When it comes to contractual claims, the claimants voluntarily enter the contracts considering insolvency risks, so it is easy to determine whether the claimants bear the insolvency risks in accordance with their intention. In contrast, as of non-contractual claims, the claimants often get the claims involuntarily. It is hard to determine, based only on the claimants' intention, whether they should be burdened with insolvency risks. Therefore, dichotomy is desirable. In case of contractual claims, almost all federal courts of appeals and scholars adopt the performance test in the United States. As of non-contractual claims, there are the accrued state law test, the conduct test, the relationship test, and the fair contemplation test in the United States. Most of federal courts of appeals follow the relationship test, while most of scholars support either the conduct test or the fair contemplation test. For contractual claims, including the ones based on executory contracts, we can accept the performance test as it is. The part contributed to a debtor prepetition by a claimant abandoning exceptio non adimpleti contractus is subject to the insolvency risks and should be treated as insolvency claims. The part induced to do business with a debtor postpetition is beneficial for the estate and thus should be treated as administration claims. For efficiency, prepetition claims should be cut off from post-insolvency as sunk costs, while postpetition claims should receive priority to induce entities to enter new business with a debtor so as to foster reorganization. In case of non-contractual claims, it is hard to tell whether the claims are supposed to bear insolvency risks or not. It is a matter of policy. Unless it is the case where Debtor Rehabilitation and Bankruptcy Act in South Korea excludes explicitly the non-contractual claims from insolvency claims, prepetition claims should be classified as insolvency claims and postpetition claims administration claims. While the meaning of 'claims' for insolvency is defined in a unique sense under the United States Bankruptcy Code so as to put a great weight on that specific point of time, Debtor Rehabilitation and Bankruptcy Act in South Korea yet omits to define the meaning of 'claims' for insolvency, making it unnecessary to be obsessed with as to when a claim arises. For insolvency in South Korea, I hereby propose the relationship test that does not stick to the point when a claim arises. Rather, I suggest a more flexible solution that allows bifurcation of claims. If the part of the claim occurring before the order for relief creates a relationship, such as contact, exposure, impact, or privity, between the claimant and the debtor, then the part of the claim is insolvency claim. At the same time, the purposes of the acts on which the claim is based, the entity benefitted by the expense, and so forth, should be considered. Prepetition claims should be cut off to encourage a fresh start of the debtor, but that does not mean that the debtor is free to commit torts or gain unjust enrichments. Though it is quite theoretical, postpetition claims that the claimant gains involuntarily because the debtor fails to block a relationship between them should be treated as administration claims so that the estate shoulders the expense. As a result, insolvency can proceed with efficiency and equity. The representatives and the social insurance programs for future claimants can satisfy due process concerns. If there is a conflict between insolvency and other public interest policy, mandatory provisions override in case of contractual claims while insolvency takes priority in case of non-contractual claims.์ฑ„๋ฌด์ž๊ฐ€ ๋„์‚ฐ์ ˆ์ฐจ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ฑ„๋ฌด์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์›์ธ์ด ๋„์‚ฐ์ ˆ์ฐจ๊ฐœ์‹œ ์ „ํ›„ ์–ด๋Š ์ชฝ์— ๊ท€์†๋˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋„์‚ฐ์ ˆ์ฐจ์ƒ ์ทจ๊ธ‰์„ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋„์‚ฐ๋ฒ•์˜ ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์ธ ํŠน์ง•์ด๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋„์‚ฐ์ ˆ์ฐจ๊ฐœ์‹œ ์ „์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์€ ๋„์‚ฐ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๋„์‚ฐ์ ˆ์ฐจ์ƒ ์ œ์•ฝ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ , ๋„์‚ฐ์ ˆ์ฐจ๊ฐœ์‹œ ํ›„์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๋„์‚ฐ์ ˆ์ฐจ์™€ ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด ๋ณ€์ œ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด ์‹คํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ณ€์ œ์•ก์— ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜จ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ฑ„๊ถŒ๋ฐœ์ƒ์˜ ์›์ธ์ด ๋„์‚ฐ์ ˆ์ฐจ๊ฐœ์‹œ ์ „ํ›„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ทธ ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์„ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ํ†ต์„ค๊ณผ ํŒ๋ก€๋Š” ์ผ๋ถ€๊ตฌ๋น„์„ค์ด๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ผ๋ถ€๊ตฌ๋น„์„ค์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋„์‚ฐ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์ด ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋จผ์ € ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ , ๋„์‚ฐ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์˜ ์š”๊ฑด์„ ์ถฉ์กฑํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ž…์žฅ์ด๋‹ค. ๋„์‚ฐ์ ˆ์ฐจ๊ฐœ์‹œ ์ „์— ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ •๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„, ์ฒญ๊ตฌ๊ถŒ์˜ ์ฃผ์š”ํ•œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์›์ธ์ด ๋„์‚ฐ์ ˆ์ฐจ๊ฐœ์‹œ ์ „์— ๊ฐ–์ถ”์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ๋„์‚ฐ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์ด ๋˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ๋„์‚ฐ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฒ•์ œ๊ฐ€ 2005. 3. 31. ์ฑ„๋ฌด์ž ํšŒ์ƒ ๋ฐ ํŒŒ์‚ฐ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ  ์ œ์ • ์ „๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ผ๋ณธ์˜ ๋„์‚ฐ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฒ•์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ผ๋ณธ์˜ ํ†ต์„ค๊ณผ ํŒ๋ก€์ธ ์ผ๋ถ€๊ตฌ๋น„์„ค์„ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ฒญ๊ตฌ๊ถŒ์˜ ์ฃผ์š”ํ•œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์›์ธ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด๋Š” ์ถ”์ƒ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋ชจํ˜ธํ•ด์„œ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ผ๊ด€๋œ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•ด์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๊ด€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์˜๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ฒ•์› ํŒ๋ก€ ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ด ์„œ๋กœ ๋ชจ์ˆœ๋˜์–ด ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ณธ์—์„œ๋„ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์‚ฌ์•ˆ์ž„์—๋„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์žฌํŒ์†Œ ํŒ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ์ˆœ๋œ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉฐ ์ผ๋ถ€๊ตฌ๋น„์„ค ๋‚ด์—์„œ๋„ ๊ทธ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ž์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฌํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ์ •๋„์ด๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ์ผ๋ณธ์˜ ํ†ต์„ค์„ ๋น„ํŒํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•œ ์ผ๋ณธ์˜ ๊ณต์ œ์„ค์€ ํ•™์„ค์‚ฌ์  ๊ฒ€ํ† ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ, ์ฑ„๋ฌด์ž์˜ ๋„์‚ฐ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๋ถ€๋‹ดํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์€ ๋„์‚ฐ์ฑ„๊ถŒ, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ทจ์ง€๋กœ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋™์–ด๋ฐ˜๋ณต์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋น„ํŒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ ์–ด๋„ ์ฒญ๊ตฌ๊ถŒ์˜ ์ฃผ์š”ํ•œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์›์ธ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ถ”์ƒ์ ์ธ ์šฉ์–ด๋กœ๋Š” ์ผ๋ถ€๊ตฌ๋น„์„ค์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ์„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๋‹ด์•„๋‚ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜์‹์€ ๊ฒฝ์ฒญํ•  ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด ์—ญ์‹œ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ผ๊ด€๋œ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์—๋Š” ๋ถ€์กฑํ•จ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์œ ๊ตฌํ•œ ๋„์‚ฐ๋ฒ•์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ ์†์—์„œ ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ ์ด์ตํ˜•๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋„์‚ฐ์ฑ„๊ถŒ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์„ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์™”๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์„ธ์šฐ๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋…ผ์˜๋Š” ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋กœ ์‚ผ์„ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ช…์‹œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋…ผ์˜๊ฐ€ ์ด์›ํ™”๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ๊ณ„์•ฝ์ƒ ์ฑ„๊ถŒ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ณ„์•ฝ์ƒ ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์„ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ๋ณธ๋‹ค. ๊ณ„์•ฝ์ƒ ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์€ ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ฑ„๋ฌด์ž์˜ ๋„์‚ฐ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด ์ž๋ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์— ๋‚˜์„ ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ๋น„๊ต์  ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์ž์˜ ์˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋„์‚ฐ ์œ„ํ—˜์˜ ๋ถ€๋‹ด ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ๋น„๊ณ„์•ฝ์ƒ ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์€ ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋น„์ž๋ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋„ ๋งŽ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์ž์˜ ์˜์‚ฌ๋งŒ์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋„์‚ฐ ์œ„ํ—˜์˜ ๋ถ€๋‹ด ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ํŒ๋ณ„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด์›ํ™”๋œ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋ฒ•์€ ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ๊ณ„์•ฝ์ƒ ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์ž์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๊ธ‰๋ถ€ ์ดํ–‰์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๊ธ‰๋ถ€์ดํ–‰๊ธฐ์ค€์„ค์ด ํ†ต์„คโ€คํŒ๋ก€์ด๋‹ค. ๋น„๊ณ„์•ฝ์ƒ ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ์ˆœํšŒํ•ญ์†Œ๋ฒ•์›์˜ ํŒ๋ก€๋Š” ์ตœ์ข…์ ์ธ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์„ ์š”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œ์„ค, ์ฑ„๋ฌด์ž์˜ ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฑ„๋ฌด์žํ–‰์œ„์‹œ์„ค, ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์ž์™€ ์ฑ„๋ฌด์ž์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์„ค์ • ์‹œ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ด€๊ณ„์‹œ์„ค, ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ˆ™๊ณ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์‹œ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ™๊ณ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์‹œ์„ค๋กœ ๋‚˜๋‰œ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ๋ฅ˜์ ์ธ ํŒ๋ก€๋Š” ๊ด€๊ณ„์‹œ์„ค์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๊ณ , ํ•™์„ค์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ฑ„๋ฌด์žํ–‰์œ„์‹œ์„ค๊ณผ ์ˆ™๊ณ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์‹œ์„ค๋กœ ์–‘๋ถ„๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ณ„์•ฝ์ƒ ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์Œ๋ฐฉ๋ฏธ์ดํ–‰ ์Œ๋ฌด๊ณ„์•ฝ์— ๊ธฐํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•ด ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๊ธ‰๋ถ€์ดํ–‰๊ธฐ์ค€์„ค์„ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์ž๋กœ์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๋‹ด๋ณด์ธ ๋™์‹œ์ดํ–‰์˜ ํ•ญ๋ณ€๊ถŒ์„ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๋„์‚ฐ์ ˆ์ฐจ๊ฐœ์‹œ ์ „ ์ฑ„๋ฌด์ž์˜ ์žฌ์‚ฐ์— ๊ณต์—ฌํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๋„์‚ฐ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๋ถ€๋‹ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋„์‚ฐ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋„์‚ฐ์ ˆ์ฐจ๊ฐœ์‹œ ํ›„ ์ฑ„๋ฌด์ž์˜ ์ดํ–‰ ์„ ํƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์ด ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋กœ ์œ ์ธ๋œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๋„์‚ฐ์ ˆ์ฐจ๊ฐœ์‹œ ํ›„ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ์ด์ต์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋„์‚ฐ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋„์‚ฐ์ ˆ์ฐจ๊ฐœ์‹œ ์ „์˜ ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์€ ๋งค๋ชฐ๋น„์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋„์‚ฐ์ ˆ์ฐจ๊ฐœ์‹œ ํ›„์™€ ๋‹จ์ ˆ์‹œ์ผœ์•ผ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋„์‚ฐ์ ˆ์ฐจ๊ฐœ์‹œ ํ›„์˜ ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์€ ์™„์ „ ๋ณ€์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์žฅํ•ด์ฃผ์–ด์•ผ ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์ด ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์— ์‘ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๋น„๊ณ„์•ฝ์ƒ ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ๋„์‚ฐ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๋ถ€๋‹ดํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€์œ„๋ฅผ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ด๋Š” ์ •์ฑ…์  ๊ฒฐ๋‹จ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ธ๋ฐ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ์ฑ„๋ฌด์ž ํšŒ์ƒ ๋ฐ ํŒŒ์‚ฐ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์ด ๋ช…์‹œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„๊ณ„์•ฝ์ƒ ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์„ ๋„์‚ฐ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์ œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์ด์ƒ ๋„์‚ฐ์ ˆ์ฐจ๊ฐœ์‹œ ์ „ ์ฑ„๋ฌด์ž๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๋„์‚ฐ์ฑ„๊ถŒ, ๋„์‚ฐ์ ˆ์ฐจ๊ฐœ์‹œ ํ›„ ์ฑ„๋ฌด์ž๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ๋„์‚ฐ๋ฒ•์ƒ ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ทธ ์‹œ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฑ„๋ฌด์ž ํšŒ์ƒ ๋ฐ ํŒŒ์‚ฐ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์—์„œ ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ขŒํ‘œ์—์„œ ์  ๊ฐœ๋…์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์„  ๊ฐœ๋…์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฌ์ง€์—์„œ ๊ด€๊ณ„์‹œ์„ค์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ฃผ๋ฅ˜์ ์ธ ํŒ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ฑ„๋ฌด์ž์™€ ์ ‘์ด‰(Contact), ๋…ธ์ถœ(Exposure), ์˜ํ–ฅ(Impact), ๊ธด๋ฐ€ํ•จ(Privity) ๋“ฑ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์„ค์ •ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ์ฐฉ์•ˆํ•ด ๊ด€๊ณ„์„ค์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด ๋•Œ ์ฑ„๊ถŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์˜ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฒ•๋ น์˜ ๋ชฉ์ , ๋น„์šฉ์— ๋Œ€์‘๋˜๋Š” ์ด์ต์˜ ํ–ฅ์œ  ์ฃผ์ฒด ๋“ฑ๋„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋„์‚ฐ์ ˆ์ฐจ๊ฐœ์‹œ ์ „ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์€ ๋‹จ์ ˆ์‹œ์ผœ ์ฑ„๋ฌด์ž์˜ ์ƒˆ ์ถœ๋ฐœ์˜ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋„์‚ฐ์ ˆ์ฐจ๊ฐœ์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์ฑ„๋ฌด์ž์˜ ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•ํ–‰์œ„, ๋ถ€๋‹น์ด๋“์„ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์€ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์†Œ ์˜์ œ์ ์ด๋‚˜, ๋„์‚ฐ์ ˆ์ฐจ๊ฐœ์‹œ ํ›„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ธ์ด ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์ž์™€์˜ ์ ‘์ด‰ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์ด ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋น„์ž๋ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์œผ๋กœ ์ทจ๊ธ‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„์ธ์ด ๋ถ€๋‹ดํ•  ๋น„์šฉ์— ํฌํ•จ๋˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋„์‚ฐ์ ˆ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ณต์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ง„ํ–‰๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ ๋ฒ•์ ˆ์ฐจ ๋ณด์žฅ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์žฅ๋ž˜ ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์ž์˜ ์ด์ต์„ ๋Œ€๋ณ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ž๋ฅผ ํŒŒ๊ฒฌํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ ์žฌ์›์„ ์ผ์›ํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ณดํ—˜์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋„์‚ฐ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๊ณต์ต์  ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฒ•๋ น์ด ์ถฉ๋Œํ•  ๋•Œ์—, ๊ณ„์•ฝ์ƒ ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฐ•ํ–‰๊ทœ์ •์ด ์šฐ์„ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋น„๊ณ„์•ฝ์ƒ ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋„์‚ฐ๋ฒ•์˜ ์ด๋…์ด ์šฐ์„ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํƒ€๋‹นํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ๋œ๋‹ค.๋ชฉ ์ฐจ ์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ ๋ก  1 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ๋…ผ์˜ 8 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์ผ๋ฐ˜๋ก  8 1. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 8 2. ์Œ๋ฐฉ๋ฏธ์ดํ–‰ ์Œ๋ฌด๊ณ„์•ฝ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 9 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์  ์‚ฌ๋ก€ 12 1. ์„œ์„ค 12 2. ๊ณ„์•ฝ์ƒ ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ 13 3. ๋น„๊ณ„์•ฝ์ƒ ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ 34 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ๊ฒ€ํ†  46 1. ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ์œ ํ˜•๋ณ„ ๊ฒ€ํ†  46 2. ์ผ๋ฐ˜๋ก  ์ฐจ์›์˜ ๊ฒ€ํ†  56 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์ผ๋ณธ์˜ ๋…ผ์˜ 60 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์ผ๋ณธ์˜ ๋„์‚ฐ๋ฒ• ๊ฐœ๊ด€ 60 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์ผ๋ฐ˜๋ก  64 1. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 64 2. ์Œ๋ฐฉ๋ฏธ์ดํ–‰ ์Œ๋ฌด๊ณ„์•ฝ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 70 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์  ์‚ฌ๋ก€ 73 1. ์„œ์„ค 73 2. ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ 73 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ ์ •๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  88 1. ์ •๋ฆฌ 88 2. ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  92 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋…ผ์˜ 94 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋„์‚ฐ๋ฒ• ๊ฐœ๊ด€ 94 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์ผ๋ฐ˜๋ก  98 1. ํŒ๋ก€ 98 2. ํ•™์„ค 101 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์  ์‚ฌ๋ก€ 105 1. ์„œ์„ค 105 2. ๋น„๊ณ„์•ฝ์ƒ ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ 106 3. ๊ณ„์•ฝ์ƒ ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ 124 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ ์ •๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  136 1. ์ •๋ฆฌ 136 2. ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  141 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์  ๊ฒ€ํ†  143 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ์ค€์˜ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ 143 1. ์„œ์„ค 143 2. ๋…ผ์˜์˜ ์ถ• 144 3. ๋„์‚ฐ๋ฒ•์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณต์ต์  ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋ฒ•๋ น๊ณผ ์ถฉ๋Œํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 148 4. ์ ๋ฒ•์ ˆ์ฐจ ๋ณด์žฅ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ 150 5. ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€ ์„ค์ • 152 6. ์ ๋ฒ•์ ˆ์ฐจ ๋ณด์žฅ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€์•ˆ 170 7. ์†Œ๊ฒฐ 178 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ณ„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ 179 1. ์„œ์„ค 179 2. ๊ณ„์•ฝ์ƒ ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ 179 3. ๋น„๊ณ„์•ฝ์ƒ ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ 187 ์ œ 6 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  195 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 199 Abstract 208Maste

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    ่พฒๅ”ไธญๅคฎๆœƒ ๆˆๆžœ็ตฆ ๅˆถๅบฆ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ็ก็ฉถ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ํ–‰์ •๋Œ€ํ•™์› :ํ–‰์ •ํ•™๊ณผ ์ •์ฑ…ํ•™์ „๊ณต,2003.Maste

    Clinical evaluation of urine as a specimen for tuberculosis diagnosis

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    ์˜์ƒ๋ช…๊ณผํ•™์ „๊ณต/์„์‚ฌ๊ฒฐํ•ต์€ ์ตœ๊ทผ๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ์š”ํ•œ ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑดํ•™์  ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ์—ผ์„ฑ ์งˆํ™˜์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ์ž„์ƒ์—์„œ ํ‘œ์ค€๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฐํ•ต ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฒ•์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ๊ฐ๋‹ด์„ ๊ฒ€์ฒด๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ, ์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ํ์™ธ ๊ฒฐํ•ต์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฐ๋‹ด์„ ์ž˜ ๋ฑ‰์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋‚˜ ์—ฌ์„ฑ ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ๋ถ€์ ์ ˆํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ˜ˆ์•ก์ด๋‚˜ ์†Œ๋ณ€์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฒ•์„ ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ค‘์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์†Œ๋ณ€ ๊ฒ€์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒฐํ•ต๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฒ•์˜ ์ž„์ƒ์  ์œ ์šฉ์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ‘œ์ค€ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฒ•์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ •์ƒ(30 ๋ช…) ํ˜น์€ ๊ฒฐํ•ต(56 ๋ช…)์œผ๋กœ ์ง„๋‹จ๋ฐ›์€ ์ด 86 ๋ช…์˜ ์†Œ๋ณ€์„ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ํšจ์†Œ๋ฉด์—ญ์ธก์ •๋ฒ• (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay : ELISA)๊ณผ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ค‘ํ•ฉํšจ์†Œ ์—ฐ์‡„๋ฐ˜์‘ (real-time polymerase chain reaction:PCR)์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์†Œ๋ณ€ ๊ฒ€์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ELISA๋Š” mycobacteria ํŠน์ด ๋‹ค๋‹น๋ฅ˜ ํ•ญ์›์ธ lipoarabinomannan(LAM)์„ ๊ฒ€์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐํ•ต๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ, ์ •์ƒ์ธ์˜ ์†Œ๋ณ€ ๊ฒ€์ฒด ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ์Œ์„ฑ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜จ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, 56 ๋ช…์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•ตํ™˜์ž ์ค‘ 1 ๋ช…์˜ ์†Œ๋ณ€ ๊ฒ€์ฒด์—์„œ ์–‘์„ฑ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ ๊ฐ๋‹ด ๊ฒ€์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒฐํ•ต๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ž„์ƒ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” 3 ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ real-time PCR ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๊ฒฐํ•ต๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฒ•์„ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์†Œ๋ณ€ ๊ฒ€์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒฐํ•ต์ง„๋‹จ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๊ฐ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฒ•์˜ ์œ ์šฉ์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๊ฐ ํ‚คํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์ •์ƒ์ธ ์†Œ๋ณ€ ๊ฒ€์ฒด๋กœ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ์Œ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ ํŠน์ด๋„๊ฐ€ 100%์— ๋‹ฌํ•œ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ๊ฒฐํ•ตํ™˜์ž์˜ ์†Œ๋ณ€ ๊ฒ€์ฒด๋กœ๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ 5.4%, 17.8%, 51.8%์˜ ์–‘์„ฑ์œจ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์œ„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ, ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์†Œ๋ณ€ ๊ฒ€์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฐํ•ต๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฒ•์˜ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐํ•ต์„ ํ™•์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ๋‹ค๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ฑ„์ทจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์†Œ๋ณ€ ๊ฒ€์ฒด์˜ ์œ ์šฉ์„ฑ์„ ์‚ด๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ฐœ์„ ๋œ ๋ถ„์ž์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฒ•์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค.ope

    Studies on the intradermal reaction with the fraction of ascaris lumbricoides.

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    ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ/๋ฐ•์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] [์˜๋ฌธ] INTRODUCTION The studies on allergic reaction with the substances of Ascaris lumbricoides have long been studied by various workers; Conventry(1929), Campbell(1736), Sakei(1949), Miya-kawa(1950), Ikeda(1952), Matsumoto and Imawari(1952), Morishita and Kobayashi(1953, 1954), Komiyayama(1954) and Yamamoto(1956). Campbell(1936) and some other workers reported that the polysaccharides from ascaris produced the stronger intradermal reactions than protein fraction, though Yamamoto(1954)and others found the reverse results. On the other hand, Hosotani(1954) reported that the crude antigen or mixed antigen with polysaccharide and protein fraction of the ascaris produced the strongest skin reaction than with the other single fraction. As are shown in above reports, the intensity of the allergic reaction with the substances from ascaris is still remained under dispute. The reason might be due to the difference of the method of preparation, technique and evaluation. The aim of the present study is to elucidate the intensity of allergic reactivity of protein and polysaocharide fraction and mixed substance of the two fractions and crude antigen of Ascars's lumbricoides. METERIALS AHD HTHODS A. Intradermal Test 1, Human Experiment The intradermal test was performed on several groups of people. A: Ascaris iumbricoides egg Positive cases among adult ages. B: Ascaris lumbricoides egg negative cases but who bad doubtful symptom. C: Ascaras iumbricoides egg negative cases but who had past history of ascaris infection D: Ascaris iumbricoides egg negative cases and aged 3-8months old. 2. Animal Experiment . Same breeds of 6 dogs were raised in cages of laboratory for 6 months. During the period, special attention was paid to keep them in parasite free condition. The bodyweight was 10kg in average. B. Antigens The adult worms of Ascaris lumbricoides, which were obtained during laparotomy, were first washed with sterilized saline solution. Each ascaris was placed in 50m1 of saline solution and kept in 37โ„ƒ incubator for 24 hours. Among of them, the active one was selected and put to sudden freeze at -70โ„ƒ for 20 hours. The whole body was powdered in a dried condition and kept it in ampoule at -4โ„ƒ. a) Crude antigen The ether extract of powdered Ascaris lumbricoides were metaled by adding veronal buffer solution (1:100) and kept in icebox fur 48 hours. The suspension was dilated with veronal buffer solution in the ratio of 1:10,000. b) Protein antigen This antigen was prepared by Chaffee's modified methods and ammonium sulfate extraction method. c) Polysaccharide antigen Chaffee's modified method and ethanol extraction method were applied. d) Mixed antigen The same amount of preparation of protein and polysaccharide antigen were mixed. C. Intradermal test 1. The intradermal test 0.02m1 of antigen was injected on the anterior surface of the forearm in human and on the back in animal, with tuberclin syringe. The criteria of the skin reaction were deter-mined as follows; wheal: -; 0-4mm, ยฑ;5-7mm, +; 8-9mm, โ•‚; 10-llmm, ; 12-l3mm, ; over 14mm, in diameter. and erythema: -; 0-8mm, ยฑ 9-2Omm, +: 21-32mm, โ•‚,33-44mm, ; 45-56mm, ; over 57mm, in diameter. D. Stool examination All the stool examination was done by formalin-ether concentration (M.G.L.) method. E.P.G. (egg per gram) was also determined by Stoll's e99 counting method. RESULT The intradermal reaction after the injection of each antigen was observed at 15, 30, 60 minutes and 3, 24 hours. In 58 ascariasis cases, the peak of wheal was appeared at 30 minute; 93.0% with the crude antigen, 15.5% with the mixed antigen, 10.3% with the protein antigen, but all were negative in the polysaccharide antigen. The erythema reaction paralleled, in genaral, to the wheal; 75.8% at 15 minutes, 72.5% at 30 minutes and 48.3% at 60 minutes, with the crude antigen. Only 3.4% showed erythema at 15, 30, and 60 minutes in the case of mixed antigen, and 1.7% of positive was appeared at 30 minutes in the case of protein antigen, but none was observed in the polysaccharide antigen. The wheal and erythema revealed correlationship each other. Both of them showed 65.5% positive boundary in the case of crude antigen. Generally, the crude antigen resulted the highest and strongest reaction than the other fractions; the mixed, protein and polysaccharide in decreasing order. In adult age group, who showed egg negative at the time of injection, 81.5% were positive in skin reaction with the crude antigen, and 88.6% in the group who complained doubtful symptom hut egg negative. In the group who had past history of ascaris infection showed 66.6% positive and none in the egg negative infant group with the same crude antigen. The wheal size was not always paralleled with the worm burden. The cross reaction with the antigen from Ascaris lumbricoides and Toxocara canis was examined by the intradermal test. There was no cross reaction between the two antigen. The infected dog with Toxocara cams showed positive reaction by the crude antigen of same species, but not by the human species. Experimentally, the positive skin reaction was appeared only by the crude antigen at four weeks after the infection of Toxocara cams. CONCLUSION The intradermal studies with the fraction of Ascaris lumbricoides and Toxocara canis were performed to human and dog, and the following results were observed. 1) Wheal and erythema were appeared in the cases of ascaris infection or who had past history, but not in the ascaris free before. 2) The size of wheal reached to peak 30 minutes after the injection. 3) The crude antigen had specificity and showed no cross reaction. 4) The crude antigen caused the strongest and largest reaction than the other substances; protein, polysaccharide and the mixed antigen. No cutaneous reaction was observed with the fraction of polysaccharide. 5) The size of wheal did not paralleled with the worm burden. 6) The skin reaction was appeared four weeks after the infecion.restrictio

    (The) effects of desensitizing agents and tooth brushing dentin permeability, in vitro

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    ์น˜์˜ํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€]์ง€๊ฐ๊ณผ๋ฏผ ์ฆ์ƒ์„ ํ˜ธ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ์ง€๊ฐ๊ณผ๋ฏผ ์ฒ˜์น˜์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ๊ทธ ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ผ์‹œ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ผ์‹œ์ ์ธ ํšจ๊ณผ์˜ ์›์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋˜์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์ง€๊ฐ๊ณผ๋ฏผ ์ฒ˜์น˜์ œ์˜ ๋งˆ๋ชจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ์•„์ง๊นŒ์ง€ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ์ด์— ์ง€๊ฐ๊ณผ๋ฏผ ์ฒ˜์น˜์ œ ๋„ํฌ ํ›„ ์นซ์†”์งˆ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋งˆ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์•„์งˆ ํˆฌ๊ณผ๋„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์šฐ์‹์ด ์—†๋Š” ์น˜์•„๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ 1ใŽœ๋‘๊ป˜์˜ ์น˜๊ด€๋ถ€ ์ƒ์•„์งˆ ๋””์Šคํฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ, Pashely๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ์•ˆํ•œ ์Šคํ”Œ๋ฆฟ ์ฑ”๋ฒ„ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ Gluma, Seal & Protect, All-Bond 2, MS Coat์˜ 4์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ง€๊ฐ๊ณผ๋ฏผ ์ฒ˜์น˜์ œ๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „๊ณผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•œ ํ›„, 1์ฃผ(140ํšŒ), 2์ฃผ(280ํšŒ), 6์ฃผ(840ํšŒ)์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์นซ์†”์งˆ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ํ›„์— ์ธก์ •ํ•œ hydraulic conductance์™€ ์ฃผ์‚ฌ ์ „์ž ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ ์‚ฌ์ง„๊ณผ ์›์ž ํž˜ ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋น„๊ต, ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค. 1. ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ตฐ์—์„œ ์ง€๊ฐ๊ณผ๋ฏผ ์ฒ˜์น˜์ œ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ํ›„ hydraulic conductance๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํžˆ ๊ฐ์†Œ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 2. Gluma, Seal & Protect, All-Bond 2์˜ ์ง€๊ฐ๊ณผ๋ฏผ ์ฒ˜์น˜์ œ๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•œ ์‹œํŽธ ์—์„œ๋Š” 1์ฃผ(140ํšŒ), 2์ฃผ(280ํšŒ)์˜ ์นซ์†”์งˆ์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•œ ํ›„์— ์ƒ์•„์งˆ ํˆฌ๊ณผ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ ์  ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜, 6์ฃผ(840ํšŒ)์˜ ์นซ์†”์งˆ์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•œ ํ›„์—๋Š” ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์ƒ์•„์งˆ ํˆฌ๊ณผ๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 3. MS Coat๋Š” ์นซ์†”์งˆ์˜ ํšŸ์ˆ˜์™€๋Š” ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด ์นซ์†”์งˆ์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•œ ํ›„์—๋Š” ์œ ์˜์„ฑ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์ƒ์•„์งˆ ํˆฌ๊ณผ๋„์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. 4. ์ฃผ์‚ฌ ์ „์ž ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ์›์ž ํž˜ ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ ์‚ฌ์ง„ ๊ด€์ฐฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ง€๊ฐ๊ณผ๋ฏผ ์ฒ˜์น˜์ œ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ํ›„ ์ƒ์•„ ์„ธ๊ด€์˜ ์ง๊ฒฝ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•œ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, MS Coat๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ 3์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ง€๊ฐ๊ณผ๋ฏผ ์ฒ˜์น˜์ œ๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•œ ์‹œํŽธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์นซ์†”์งˆ์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ƒ์•„์งˆ์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์—๋Š” ๋„๋ง์ธต์ด ์ƒ์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ง€๊ฐ๊ณผ๋ฏผ ์ฒ˜์น˜์ œ์˜ ์ƒ์•„์„ธ๊ด€์˜ ํ์‡„ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€ ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด๋‚˜ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋งˆ๋ชจ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ƒ์•„์„ธ๊ด€์˜ ํŽ˜์‡„ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ง€๊ฐ๊ณผ๋ฏผ์„ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ง€๊ฐ๊ณผ๋ฏผ ์ฒ˜์น˜์ œ๋กœ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์ฆ์ƒ์„ ์™„ํ™”์‹œํ‚จ ํ›„, ์ ์ฐจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์นซ์†”์งˆ์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€๊ฐ๊ณผ๋ฏผ์˜ ์ฆ์ƒ ์™„ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊พ€ํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋˜๋‚˜, ํ–ฅํ›„ ์ง€๊ฐ๊ณผ๋ฏผ ์™„ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์˜๊ตฌ์ ์ธ ์ง€๊ฐ๊ณผ๋ฏผ ์ฒ˜์น˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ์ฒ˜์น˜์ œ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋œ๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ]Desensitizing agents are commonly used in tooth sensitivity but their effects are often for a short duration. One of the reasons is believed to be wear of desensitizing agent although it has been rarely studied. To study the effect of dentin permeability on a tooth with wear from tooth brushing after application of desensitizing agent, extracted teeth free from caries were chosen. Coronal dentin discs with thickness of 1mm were prepared. Using the split chamber device developed by Pashely, hydraulic conductance, scanning electron microscope images(SEM) and atomic force microscope images(AFM) were compared and contrasted before and immediately after the application of desensitizing agent and after equivalent tooth brushing of 1 week, 2 weeks, and 6 weeks. Four commercially available desensitizing agents were used in this study; they were Gluma, Seal & Protect, All-Bond 2 and MS Coat. The results of this study are as follows. 1. On all specimens, the hydraulic conductance decreased after the application of tooth desensitizing agent. 2. Except the specimens treated with MS Coat, the remaining specimens had an increase in dentin permeability after tooth brushing for 1 and 2 weeks but a decrease after 6 weeks. 3. The specimens treated with MS Coat had statistically significant increase in the dentin permeability regardless with the duration of tooth brushing. 4. On examination of SEM and AFM, the dentinal tubule diameter had decreased after treatment of desensitizing agents. The specimens other than those treated with MS Coat, smear layers were noted after tooth brushing. It is not always consistant but the hydraulic conductance correlated with the images from SEM and AFM. Reflecting the above results, the effect of desensitizing agent in tooth sensitivity from obstructing dentinal tubules is temporary. The dentinal sensitivity should therfore be treated initially with a desensitizing agent but followed by tooth brushing for a prolonged management.ope
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