11 research outputs found

    ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ์ดˆ์‹ฌ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ๋•๋Š” ์ •๋ณด ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๋””์ž์ธ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๊ณต๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€,2020. 2. ์„œ์ง„์šฑ.The visual comparison is one of the fundamental tasks in information visualization (InfoVis) that enables people to organize, evaluate, and combine information fragmented in visualizations. For example, people perform visual comparison tasks to compare data over time, from different sources, or with different analytic models. While the InfoVis community has focused on understanding the effectiveness of different visualization designs for supporting visual comparison tasks, it is still unclear how to design effective comparative visualizations due to several limitations: (1) Empirical findings and practical implications from those studies are fragmented, and (2) we lack user studies that directly investigated the effectiveness of different visualization designs for visual comparison. In this dissertation, we present the results of three studies to build our knowledge on how to support effective visual comparison to InfoVis novicesโ โ€”general people who are not familiar with visual representations and visual data exploration process. Identifying the major stages in the visualization construction process where novices confront challenges with visual comparison tasks, we explored two high-level comparison tasks with actual users: comparing visual mapping (encoding barrier) and comparing information (interpretation barrier) in visualizations. First, we conducted a systematical literature review on research papers (N = 104) that focused on supporting visual comparison tasks to gather and organize the practical insights that researchers gained in the wild. From this study, we offered implications for designing comparative visualizations, such as actionable guidelines, as well as the lucid categorization of comparative designs which can help researchers explore the design space. In the second study, we performed a qualitative user study (N = 24) to investigate how novices compare and understand visual mapping suggested in a visual-encoding recommendation interface. Based on the study, we present novices' main challenges in using visual encoding recommendations and design implications as remedies. In the third study, we conducted a design study in the area on bioinformatics to design and implement a visual analytics tool, XCluSim, that helps users to compare multiple clustering results. Case studies with a bioinformatician showed that our system enables analysts to easily evaluate the quality of a large number of clustering results. Based on the results of three studies in this dissertation, we suggest a future research agenda, such as designing recommendations for visual comparison and distinguishing InfoVis novices from experts.์‹œ๊ฐ์  ๋น„๊ต๋Š” ์ •๋ณด ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ณผ์ • ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ์จ, ๋ถ„์‚ฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ •๋ณด๋“ค์„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์„œ๋กœ ์ •๋ฆฌ, ํ‰๊ฐ€, ๋ณ‘ํ•ฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋•๋Š”๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ถœ์ฒ˜์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋“ค์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ๋น„๊ต ๊ณผ์—…์„ ํ”ํžˆ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๋””์ž์ธ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ณด ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์–ด๋–ค ๋””์ž์ธ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ์ง€์›ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ์˜ ์ œ์•ฝ๋“ค๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์•„์ง๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ถˆ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜๋‹ค. (1) ๊ฒฝํ—˜์  ํ†ต์ฐฐ๋“ค๊ณผ ์‹ค์šฉ์  ์„ค๊ณ„ ์ง€์นจ๋“ค์ด ํŒŒํŽธํ™”๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ (2) ๋น„๊ต ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”๋ฅผ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ์‹คํ—˜์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ œํ•œ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ์ดˆ์‹ฌ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๋””์ž์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋” ๊นŠ์ด ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ์„ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ, ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ์ดˆ์‹ฌ์ž๋“ค์ด ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ํ•  ๋•Œ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‘ ์ฃผ์š” ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ์ธ์ฝ”๋”ฉ ๋น„๊ต (์ธ์ฝ”๋”ฉ ์žฅ๋ฒฝ) ๋ฐ ์ •๋ณด ๋น„๊ต (ํ•ด์„ ์žฅ๋ฒฝ) ๊ณผ์—…๋“ค์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ˜๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ๋น„๊ต ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๋””์ž์ธ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ๋ฌธํ—Œ๋“ค(N = 104)์„ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ์‹คํ—˜๊ณผ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ์„ค๊ณ„ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์–ป์€ ์‹ค์šฉ์  ํ†ต์ฐฐ๋“ค์„ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฌธํ—Œ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๋น„๊ต ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ์„ค๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€์นจ๋“ค์„ ์ •๋ฆฝํ•˜๊ณ , ๋น„๊ต ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋””์ž์ธ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๋” ๊นŠ์ด ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐ ์˜ˆ์‹œ๋“ค์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์ดˆ์‹ฌ์ž๋“ค์ด ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ์ถ”์ฒœ ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ์ธ์ฝ”๋”ฉ๋“ค์„ ์„œ๋กœ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋•๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ์‹คํ—˜(N = 24)์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ์‹คํ—˜์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ, ์ดˆ์‹ฌ์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์–ด๋ ค์›€๋“ค๊ณผ ์ด๋“ค์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋””์ž์ธ ์ง€์นจ๋“ค์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์ƒ๋ช…์ •๋ณดํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๊ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜ ๊ฐœ์˜ ํด๋Ÿฌ์Šคํ„ฐ๋ง ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋“ค์„ ๋น„๊ต ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋„์™€์ฃผ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ, XCluSim์„ ๋””์ž์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋””์ž์ธ ์Šคํ„ฐ๋””๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ƒ๋ช…์ •๋ณดํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ XCluSim์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งŽ์€ ํด๋Ÿฌ์Šคํ„ฐ๋ง ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋“ค์„ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋น„๊ต ๋ฐ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ์ด ์„ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋“ค์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๋น„๊ต ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์œ ๋งํ•œ ํ–ฅํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค.CHAPTER 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Background and Motivation 1 1.2 Research Questions and Approaches 4 1.2.1 Revisiting Comparative Layouts: Design Space, Guidelines, and Future Directions 5 1.2.2 Understanding How InfoVis Novices Compare Visual Encoding Recommendation 6 1.2.3 Designing XCluSim: a Visual Analytics System for Comparing Multiple Clustering Results 7 1.3 Dissertation Outline 8 CHAPTER 2. Related Work 9 2.1 Visual Comparison Tasks 9 2.2 Visualization Designs for Comparison 10 2.2.1 Gleicher et al.s Comparative Layout 11 2.3 Understanding InfoVis Novices 12 2.4 Visualization Recommendation Interfaces 13 2.5 Comparative Visualizations for Cluster Analysis 14 CHAPTER 3. Comparative Layouts Revisited: Design Space, Guidelines, and Future Directions 19 3.1 Introduction 19 3.2 Literature Review 21 3.2.1 Method 22 3.3 Comparative Layouts in The Wild 23 3.3.1 Classifying Comparison Tasks in User Studies 25 3.3.2 Same LayoutIs Called Differently 26 3.3.3 Lucid Classification of Comparative Layouts 28 3.3.4 Advantages and Concerns of Using Each Layout 30 3.3.5 Trade-offs between Comparative Layouts 36 3.3.6 Approaches to Overcome the Concerns 38 3.3.7 Comparative Layout Explorer 42 3.4 Discussion 42 3.4.1 Guidelines for Comparative Layouts 44 3.4.2 Promising Directions for Future Research 48 3.5 Summary 49 CHAPTER 4. Understanding How InfoVis Novices Compare Visual Encoding Recommendation 51 4.1 Motivation 51 4.2 Interface 53 4.2.1 Visualization Goals 53 4.2.2 Recommendations 54 4.2.3 Representation Methods for Recommendations 54 4.2.4 Interface 58 4.2.5 Pilot Study 61 4.3 User Study 62 4.3.1 Participants 62 4.3.2 Interface 62 4.3.3 Tasks and Datasets 65 4.3.4 Procedure. 65 4.4 Findings 68 4.4.1 Poor Design Decisions 68 4.4.2 Role of Preview, Animated Transition, and Text 69 4.4.3 Challenges For Understanding Recommendations 70 4.4.4 Learning By Doing 71 4.4.5 Effects of Recommendation Order 71 4.4.6 Personal Criteria for Selecting Recommendations 72 4.5 Discussion 73 4.5.1 Design Implications 73 4.5.2 Limitations and FutureWork 75 4.6 Summary 77 CHAPTER 5. Designing XCluSim: a Visual Analytics System for Comparing Multiple Clustering Results 78 5.1 Motivation 78 5.2 Task Analysis and Design Goals 79 5.3 XCluSim 80 5.3.1 Color Encoding of Clusters Using Tree Colors 82 5.3.2 Overview of All Clustering Results 83 5.3.3 Visualization for Comparing Selected Clustering Results 86 5.3.4 Visualization for Individual Clustering Results 92 5.3.5 Implementation 100 5.4 CaseStudy 100 5.4.1 Elucidating the Role of Ferroxidase in Cryptococcus Neoformans Var. Grubii H99 (CaseStudy 1) 100 5.4.2 Finding a Clustering Result that Clearly Represents Biological Relations (CaseStudy 2) 103 5.5 Discussion 106 5.5.1 Limitations and FutureWork 108 5.6 Summary 108 CHAPTER 6. Future Research Agenda 110 6.0.1 Recommendation for Visual Comparison 110 6.0.2 Understanding the Perception of Subtle Difference 111 6.0.3 Distinguishing InfoVis Novices from Experts 112 CHAPTER 7. Conclusion. 113 Abstract (Korean) 129 Acknowledgments (Korean) 131Docto

    ํ•ญ๊ณต์‚ฌ ๊ฐ์‹ค์Šน๋ฌด์›์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ๋ณด๊ฑด์ •๋ณด๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ „๊ณต/์„์‚ฌ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•ญ๊ณต ๊ฐ์‹ค ์Šน๋ฌด์›๋“ค์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์š”์ธ๋“ค์„ ์‹ค์ฆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทœ๋ช… ํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ 2014๋…„ 6์›” 01์ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2014๋…„ 9์›” 01์ผ ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ธ์ฒœ๊ตญ์ œ๊ณตํ•ญ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทผ๋ฌดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•ญ๊ณต ๊ฐ์‹ค ์Šน๋ฌด์› 200๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐํ™”๋œ ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ•ญ๊ณต ๊ฐ์‹ค ์Šน๋ฌด์›๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ์˜๋„์™€ ์‘๋‹ต๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ ํ›„ ์ž๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์ž…์‹์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž๋ฃŒ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„์€ SPSS 18.0 ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ํŠน์„ฑ๋ณ„ ๋นˆ๋„์™€ ๋ฐฑ๋ถ„์œจ์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ํŠน์„ฑ, ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์˜ ์งˆ, ์ง๋ฌด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ์ค‘์— ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐ์ •, ํ”ผ๋กœ๋„ ์ˆ˜์ค€, ๊ฐ€์กฑ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ, ์†Œ์ง„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜, ์‚ฌํšŒ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค, ์šฐ์šธ ์ฒ™๋„, ์ƒํ™œ ๋งŒ์กฑ ์ฒ™๋„, ๊ธ์ •์ •์„œ์™€ ๋ถ€์ • ์ •์„œ ์ฒ™๋„ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ •๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ ํ‰๊ท ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…๋ฆฝ T ๊ฒ€์ •๊ณผ, ANOVA ๊ฒ€์ •์„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์˜ ํ•˜์œ„ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ†ต๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ํŠน์„ฑ์ธ ๊ฐœ์ธ์š”์ธ๊ณผ ์ง๋ฌด์š”์ธ, ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์˜ ์งˆ, ์ง๋ฌด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ์ค‘์— ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐ์ •, ํ”ผ๋กœ๋„ ์ˆ˜์ค€, ๊ฐ€์กฑ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ, ์†Œ์ง„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜, ์‚ฌํšŒ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค, ์šฐ์šธ ์ฒ™๋„, ์ƒํ™œ ๋งŒ์กฑ ์ฒ™๋„, ๊ธ์ •์ •์„œ์™€ ๋ถ€์ • ์ •์„œ ์ฒ™๋„์™€ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ ๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค์ค‘์„ ํ˜•ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ ๊ด€๋ จ ์š”์ธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ, ์†Œ์ง„๊ฒฝํ—˜, ์ƒํ™œ๋งŒ์กฑ์ฒ™๋„, ๊ธ์ •์ •์„œ์™€ ๋ถ€์ •์ •์„œ์˜ ์ฒ™๋„์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ์ข‹์€ ์ง‘๋‹จ์€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์— ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์ด ํ‰๊ท ์ ์œผ๋กœ 0.28์  ๋†’๊ณ , ์†Œ์ง„๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ง‘๋‹จ์€ ๋†’์€ ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์ด ํ‰๊ท ์ ์œผ๋กœ 0.37์  ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ์ƒํ™œ๋งŒ์กฑ์ฒ™๋„๊ฐ€ ๋ณดํ†ต์ธ ์ง‘๋‹จ์€ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์ด ํ‰๊ท ์ ์œผ๋กœ 0.37์  ๋†’๊ณ , ์ƒํ™œ๋งŒ์กฑ์ฒ™๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ์ง‘๋‹จ์€ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์ด ํ‰๊ท ์ ์œผ๋กœ 0.44์  ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ธ์ •์ •์„œ์™€ ๋ถ€์ •์ •์„œ ์ฒ™๋„์—์„œ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์ง‘๋‹จ์€ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์ด ํ‰๊ท ์ ์œผ๋กœ 0.34์  ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์˜ ์งˆ, ์ฃผ๊ฐ„์กธ์Œ, ์ง๋ฌด์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ์ •, ํ”ผ๋กœ๋„, ์‚ฌํšŒ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค, ์šฐ์šธ์ฒ™๋„๋Š” ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ํ–ฅํ›„ ๊ฐ์‹ค ์Šน๋ฌด์›์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ๊ทผ๋ฌด ๋ฐ ๋ณต์ง€ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์ด์šฉ๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค.ope

    ๋ถํ•œ์ดํƒˆ ์•„๋™ ๋ฐ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์˜ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•๊ฑด๊ฐ•์‹คํƒœ ๋ฐ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ–‰ํƒœ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ์น˜์˜ํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์ž…๊ตญํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถํ•œ์ดํƒˆ ์•„๋™ ๋ฐ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ํ•ด๋งˆ๋‹ค ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ, ์ด๋“ค์˜ ์›ํ™œํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์‘ ๋ฐ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋‘๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ์ƒ, ๋ถํ•œ์ดํƒˆ ์•„๋™ยท์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์ด ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•๊ฑด๊ฐ•์˜ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ์ทจ์•ฝํ•œ ์ง‘๋‹จ์ž„์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋“ค์˜ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ƒํƒœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” 2012๋…„ 8์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 11์›”๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•˜๋‚˜์›์— ์ž…์†Œํ•œ ๋ถํ•œ์ดํƒˆ ์•„๋™ยท์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ 65๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ, ์ด๋“ค์˜ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ˜„ํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‚จํ•œ ์•„๋™ยท์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์˜ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ƒํƒœ์™€ ๋น„๊ต๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•๊ฑด๊ฐ•์‹คํƒœ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋Š” 2010๋…„ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•๊ฑด๊ฐ•์‹คํƒœ์กฐ์‚ฌ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ด€๋ฆฌํ–‰ํƒœ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋Š” 2012๋…„ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ–‰ํƒœ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์กฐ์‚ฌ ์ค‘ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•ญ๋ชฉ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•๊ฑด๊ฐ•์‹คํƒœ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋ถํ•œ์ดํƒˆ ์•„๋™ยท์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์˜ ์šฐ์‹๊ฒฝํ—˜์œ ์น˜์ง€์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ์˜๊ตฌ์น˜์ง€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋‚จํ•œ ์•„๋™ยท์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„๋ณด๋‹ค ์ „์ฒด ์—ฐ๋ น๋Œ€์—์„œ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๊ณ , ํŠนํžˆ ๋ฏธ์ฒ˜์น˜ ์น˜์•„์šฐ์‹์ฆ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์˜๊ตฌ์น˜์šฐ์‹์œ ๋ณ‘์ž์œจ๊ณผ ์šฐ์‹์˜๊ตฌ์น˜์œจ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถํ•œ์ดํƒˆ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„๋“ค์˜ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ด€๋ฆฌํ–‰ํƒœ ์„ค๋ฌธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•๋ณด๊ฑด๊ต์œก ๊ฒฝํ—˜๋ฅ ์€ 25.00%, ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ์Šค์ผ€์ผ๋ง ๊ฒฝํ—˜๋ฅ ์€ 10.71%์ด์—ˆ๊ณ , ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ๋ถˆ์†Œ๋„ํฌ ๊ฒฝํ—˜๋ฅ ๊ณผ ์‹ค๋ž€ํŠธ ๊ฒฝํ—˜๋ฅ ์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 0.00%์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ถํ•œ์ดํƒˆ ์•„๋™ยท์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์ด ๋‚จํ•œ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์น˜์•„์šฐ์‹์ฆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ์ด ๋†’๊ณ , ์šฐ์‹์น˜๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‚ฎ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํ–‰ํ•ด์ง„ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ฒ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ œํ•œ์ ์ด์—ˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋“ค์˜ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์šฐ์„ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏธ์ฒ˜์น˜ ์šฐ์‹์ฆ์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ณ , ์ถ”ํ›„ ์ด๋“ค์˜ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•๊ฑด๊ฐ•์œ ์ง€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•๋ณด๊ฑด๊ต์œก๊ณผ ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ฒ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋ณ‘ํ–‰๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.ope

    ํ•ญ๊ณต์‚ฌ ๊ฐ์‹ค์Šน๋ฌด์›์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ๋ณด๊ฑด์ •๋ณด๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ „๊ณต/์„์‚ฌ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•ญ๊ณต ๊ฐ์‹ค ์Šน๋ฌด์›๋“ค์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์š”์ธ๋“ค์„ ์‹ค์ฆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทœ๋ช… ํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ 2014๋…„ 6์›” 01์ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2014๋…„ 9์›” 01์ผ ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ธ์ฒœ๊ตญ์ œ๊ณตํ•ญ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทผ๋ฌดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•ญ๊ณต ๊ฐ์‹ค ์Šน๋ฌด์› 200๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐํ™”๋œ ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ•ญ๊ณต ๊ฐ์‹ค ์Šน๋ฌด์›๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ์˜๋„์™€ ์‘๋‹ต๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ ํ›„ ์ž๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์ž…์‹์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž๋ฃŒ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„์€ SPSS 18.0 ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ํŠน์„ฑ๋ณ„ ๋นˆ๋„์™€ ๋ฐฑ๋ถ„์œจ์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ํŠน์„ฑ, ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์˜ ์งˆ, ์ง๋ฌด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ์ค‘์— ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐ์ •, ํ”ผ๋กœ๋„ ์ˆ˜์ค€, ๊ฐ€์กฑ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ, ์†Œ์ง„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜, ์‚ฌํšŒ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค, ์šฐ์šธ ์ฒ™๋„, ์ƒํ™œ ๋งŒ์กฑ ์ฒ™๋„, ๊ธ์ •์ •์„œ์™€ ๋ถ€์ • ์ •์„œ ์ฒ™๋„ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ •๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ ํ‰๊ท ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…๋ฆฝ T ๊ฒ€์ •๊ณผ, ANOVA ๊ฒ€์ •์„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์˜ ํ•˜์œ„ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ†ต๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ํŠน์„ฑ์ธ ๊ฐœ์ธ์š”์ธ๊ณผ ์ง๋ฌด์š”์ธ, ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์˜ ์งˆ, ์ง๋ฌด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ์ค‘์— ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐ์ •, ํ”ผ๋กœ๋„ ์ˆ˜์ค€, ๊ฐ€์กฑ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ, ์†Œ์ง„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜, ์‚ฌํšŒ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค, ์šฐ์šธ ์ฒ™๋„, ์ƒํ™œ ๋งŒ์กฑ ์ฒ™๋„, ๊ธ์ •์ •์„œ์™€ ๋ถ€์ • ์ •์„œ ์ฒ™๋„์™€ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ ๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค์ค‘์„ ํ˜•ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ ๊ด€๋ จ ์š”์ธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ, ์†Œ์ง„๊ฒฝํ—˜, ์ƒํ™œ๋งŒ์กฑ์ฒ™๋„, ๊ธ์ •์ •์„œ์™€ ๋ถ€์ •์ •์„œ์˜ ์ฒ™๋„์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ์ข‹์€ ์ง‘๋‹จ์€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์— ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์ด ํ‰๊ท ์ ์œผ๋กœ 0.28์  ๋†’๊ณ , ์†Œ์ง„๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ง‘๋‹จ์€ ๋†’์€ ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์ด ํ‰๊ท ์ ์œผ๋กœ 0.37์  ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ์ƒํ™œ๋งŒ์กฑ์ฒ™๋„๊ฐ€ ๋ณดํ†ต์ธ ์ง‘๋‹จ์€ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์ด ํ‰๊ท ์ ์œผ๋กœ 0.37์  ๋†’๊ณ , ์ƒํ™œ๋งŒ์กฑ์ฒ™๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ์ง‘๋‹จ์€ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์ด ํ‰๊ท ์ ์œผ๋กœ 0.44์  ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ธ์ •์ •์„œ์™€ ๋ถ€์ •์ •์„œ ์ฒ™๋„์—์„œ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์ง‘๋‹จ์€ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์ด ํ‰๊ท ์ ์œผ๋กœ 0.34์  ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์˜ ์งˆ, ์ฃผ๊ฐ„์กธ์Œ, ์ง๋ฌด์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ์ •, ํ”ผ๋กœ๋„, ์‚ฌํšŒ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค, ์šฐ์šธ์ฒ™๋„๋Š” ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ํ–ฅํ›„ ๊ฐ์‹ค ์Šน๋ฌด์›์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ๊ทผ๋ฌด ๋ฐ ๋ณต์ง€ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์ด์šฉ๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค.ope

    ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋จ์˜ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ์ถ”๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ ์ธํ”„๋ผ์ŠคํŠธ๋Ÿญ์ฒ˜์˜ ์ •์น˜

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณผํ•™๋Œ€ํ•™ ์ธ๋ฅ˜ํ•™๊ณผ, 2022. 8. ๊น€์žฌ์„.This study aims to analyze how national feelings and affects are shaped and circulated through YouTubeโ€™s infrastructure by focusing on the rise of โ€œgukppong(๊ตญ๋ฝ•)โ€ as a (bit)coin, becoming a lucrative subject matter on YouTube. Drawing on the concepts of banal and affective nationalism, this study understands the phenomenon of gukppong becoming mainstream YouTube content in Korea and further examines the platformโ€™s political, economic, and cultural forces that provoke such national feelings and affects among Korean YouTube users. In analyzing the YouTube infrastructure that constructs and (re)produces nationhood, this study tracks YouTubeโ€™s network through which gukppong contents are produced, circulated, and consumed. By conducting digital ethnographic research and in-depth interviews, it attempts to comprehend three actorsโ€™ โ€“ producers, YouTube platform, and consumers โ€“ entanglements and examine how gukppong YouTube video infrastructure is maintained and further (re)creates affective ties to the nation-state. Ultimately, this study explores how nationhood is (re)produced in a more banal, subtle way through the infrastructure in the landscape of new media, YouTube. On the production end, gukppong is considered the ideal type of content for โ€œtteoksang(๋–ก์ƒ)โ€. Therefore, gukppong YouTubersโ€™ production of such content has been driven by their economic motives. The gukppong YouTubers who long for โ€œtteoksangโ€ produce platform-friendly content by constructing their infrastructure to effectively produce gukppong content and by actively interacting with opaque YouTube algorithms. On this YouTube platform, the nation-state, emerging as a business partner of those gukppong YouTubers, also intervenes in the process of (re)producing and spreading nationalistic narratives. The video contents created by gukppong YouTubers become circulated and ready to be consumed on YouTube as the YouTube platformโ€™s structure, user interface design, and inner workings induce more production and consumption of gukppong content. Its platform design enables gukppong YouTubers to oscillate between becoming gambler-like subjects who are seeking the serendipity of tteoksang and becoming entrepreneurial media workers who are strategically coping with uncertainty. In addition, the platform structure and design for facilitating communications among users allow emotional and affective contagions and transference among fellow Korean users. The gukppong content directly reaches YouTube users through the YouTube platformโ€™s infrastructure. For viewers of gukppong YouTube content, gukppong has become their everyday amusement or comfort, or a stimulant that arouses enthusiasm for the nation-state. By watching different gukppong videos individually, the viewers sensuously feel the existence of the nation-state and experience collective entrainment of emotion as members of the national community. Through this โ€œindividualized collective effervescenceโ€, the viewersโ€™ bodies become affected, turning into citizensโ€™ bodies. This phenomenon is also observed in the case where viewers of gukppong YouTube content reside in a country remote from South Korea. In this way, this study explores how nationalism persists in a digital age where geographical boundaries seem to fade into insignificance. Observing the emergence of the nation-state through an assemblage of human and non-human actors allows us to comprehend dynamic national feelings and affects in a set of relations among different bodies, objects, and environments rather than essentializing it as one fixed emotion. It reveals how nationalism persists, spreads, and acts on individuals. YouTubeโ€™s infrastructure extends its connections and relations between producers and producers, producers and platform, platform and consumers, and consumers and consumers, and through this expanded infrastructure, YouTube circulates the emotions and affects of gukppong. In this sense, this study can be read as an attempt to understand the dynamic relationship between macro-structural and micro-interactive forces constructing nationhood, national foregrounding and backgrounding, hot nationalism and banal nationalism, consciousness and unconsciousness of YouTube viewers, and human and non-human actors.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž๊ธ์‹ฌ์„ ๊ณ ์ทจํ•˜๋Š” โ€˜๊ตญ๋ฝ•โ€™์ด ์œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ๊ณ„์˜ (๋น„ํŠธ)์ฝ”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€์ƒํ•œ ํ˜„์ƒ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ ์ธํ”„๋ผ์ŠคํŠธ๋Ÿญ์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋จ์˜ ๊ฐ์ •๊ณผ ์ •๋™์ด ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๊ณ  ์ˆœํ™˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ ๊ตญ๋ฝ• ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์š” ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ  ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ์ž๋ฆฌ ์žก์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ผ์ƒ์ ยท๊ฐ์ •์  ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋จ์˜ ํ˜„์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ์ถ”๋™ํ•œ ์œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ์˜ ์ •์น˜ยท๊ฒฝ์ œยท๋ฌธํ™”์  ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋จ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  (์žฌ)์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ธํ”„๋ผ์ŠคํŠธ๋Ÿญ์ฒ˜๋กœ์„œ ์œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ ๊ตญ๋ฝ• ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ ์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ-์ˆœํ™˜-์†Œ๋น„ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋Š” ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๊ด€์ฐฐ๊ณผ ์‹ฌ์ธต ๋ฉด๋‹ด์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ž-ํ”Œ๋žซํผ-์†Œ๋น„์ž๋ผ๋Š” ์„ธ ํ–‰์œ„์ž ์ธต์œ„์˜ ๋’ค์–ฝํž˜์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ตญ๋ฝ• ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ ๋ฅผ ์œ ํ†ตํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ ์ธํ”„๋ผ์ŠคํŠธ๋Ÿญ์ฒ˜๊ฐ€ ์ง€์†๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ธํ”„๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์ถ”๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ์ •๋™์˜ ์ •์น˜๋ฅผ ์กฐ๋ช…ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ธํ”„๋ผ์ŠคํŠธ๋Ÿญ์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋จ์ด ์œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ๋ผ๋Š” ๋‰ด๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ์ง€ํ˜•์—์„œ ๋”์šฑ ์ผ์ƒ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ต๋ฌ˜ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์žฌ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋˜๋Š” ์–‘์ƒ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ƒ์‚ฐ์˜ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๊ตญ๋ฝ•์€ โ€œ๋–ก์ƒโ€์— ์ตœ์ ํ™”๋œ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง€๋ฉฐ, ์œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ ํฌ๋ฆฌ์—์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ โ€œ๊ตญ๋ฝ•์ฝ”์ธโ€์„ ์„ ํƒํ•œ ๋ฐ์—๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๋™๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ž๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. โ€œ๋–ก์ƒโ€์„ ๊ฟˆ๊พธ๋Š” ๊ตญ๋ฝ• ์œ ํŠœ๋ฒ„๋“ค์€ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ  ์ œ์ž‘์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ์ธํ”„๋ผ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ถˆํˆฌ๋ช…ํ•œ ์œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜๊ณผ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ ์นœํ™”์ ์ธ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ, ์œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์—์„œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ตญ๋ฝ• ์ฑ„๋„์˜ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ๋กœ์„œ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์  ๋‚ด๋Ÿฌํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์ „ํŒŒํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ฐœ์ž…ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ตญ๋ฝ• ์œ ํŠœ๋ฒ„๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•œ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ ๋Š” ์œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์— ์œ ํ†ต๋œ๋‹ค. ์œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ์˜ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค ๋””์ž์ธ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์ž‘๋™ ์›๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ตญ๋ฝ• ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ ๊ฐ€ ๋”์šฑ ๋งŽ์ด ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์†Œ๋น„๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์œ ๋„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ ์ž‘๋™ ๋ฐฉ์‹๊ณผ ๋””์ž์ธ์€ ์œ ํŠœ๋ฒ„๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ์šฐ์—ฐํ•œ โ€œ๋–ก์ƒโ€์„ ๋…ธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋„๋ฐ•์ž์  ์ฃผ์ฒด์™€ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ „๋žต์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€์  ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์ฃผ์ฒด ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ์ง„๋™ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด์šฉ์ž๋“ค๊ณผ์˜ ์†Œํ†ต์„ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ๋””์ž์ธ์€ ๊ตญ๋ฝ• ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ™์€ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ธ ์ด์šฉ์ž๋“ค ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฐ์ •์  ์ „์ด ๋ฐ ์ „์—ผ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ตญ๋ฝ• ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ ๋Š” ์œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์˜ ์ธํ”„๋ผ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ ์ด์šฉ์ž์˜ ๋ˆˆ์•ž์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ตญ๋ฝ• ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ  ์†Œ๋น„์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๊ตญ๋ฝ•์€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •ํ•œ ์‚ถ ์†์—์„œ ์ผ์ƒ์˜ ์œ ํฌ์™€ ์œ„์•ˆ์ด ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ๋˜๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ด๋ ฌํ•œ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ์ด‰๋ฐœ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ์ž ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตญ๋ฝ• ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์กด์žฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Š๋ผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๊ณต๋™์ฒด๋กœ์˜ ์ •์„œ์  ๋ชฐ์ž…์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์‹œ์ฒญ์ž์˜ ๋ชธ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹ ์ฒด์  ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๋™์›๊ณผ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ํ™”๋œ ์ง‘๋‹จ ์—ด๊ด‘์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์˜ ๋ชธ์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋™๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜„์ƒ์€ ํ•œ๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ ์‹œ์ฒญ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ์„œ๋„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋Š” ์ง€๋ฆฌ์  ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ํ‡ด์ƒ‰๋œ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ๋ฏผ์กฑ์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ์ง€์†๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„์ธ๊ฐ„-์ธ๊ฐ„ ํ–‰์œ„์ž์˜ ์•„์ƒ๋ธ”๋ผ์ฃผ ์†์—์„œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ๋“ฑ์žฅ๊ณผ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋จ์˜ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋จ์˜ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ๊ณ ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณธ์งˆํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์‹ ์ฒดยท๋ฌผ์งˆยทํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์†์—์„œ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ฏผ์กฑ์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ง€์†๋˜๊ณ , ์ „์—ผ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ ์ธํ”„๋ผ์ŠคํŠธ๋Ÿญ์ฒ˜๋Š” ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ž-์ƒ์‚ฐ์ž, ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ž-ํ”Œ๋žซํผ, ํ”Œ๋žซํผ-์†Œ๋น„์ž, ์†Œ๋น„์ž-์†Œ๋น„์ž ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ฆ๋Œ€์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉฐ, ๋”์šฑ ํ™•์žฅ๋œ ์ธํ”„๋ผ์ŠคํŠธ๋Ÿญ์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด โ€˜๊ตญ๋ฝ•โ€™์˜ ๊ฐ์ •๊ณผ ์ •๋™์„ ์ˆœํ™˜์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ธํ”„๋ผ์ŠคํŠธ๋Ÿญ์ฒ˜์˜ ์ •๋™ ์ •์น˜๋ฅผ ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋จ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์‹œ-๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ํž˜๊ณผ ๋ฏธ์‹œ์  ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์˜ ํž˜, ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ „๊ฒฝํ™”(foregrounding)์™€ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝํ™”(backgrounding), ์—ด๋ ฌํ•œ ๋ฏผ์กฑ์ฃผ์˜(hot nationalism)์™€ ์ผ์ƒ์  ๋ฏผ์กฑ์ฃผ์˜(banal nationalism), ์œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ  ์‹œ์ฒญ์ž์˜ ์˜์‹๊ณผ ๋ฌด์˜์‹, ๋น„์ธ๊ฐ„ ํ–‰์œ„์ž์™€ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ํ–‰์œ„์ž ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์—ญ๋™์  ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํฌ์ฐฉํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์‹œ๋„๋กœ ์ฝ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.โ… . ์„œ๋ก  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  1 2. ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 4 1) ์œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ์™€ ๋ฏผ์กฑ์ฃผ์˜ 4 2) ์ธํ”„๋ผ์ŠคํŠธ๋Ÿญ์ฒ˜์˜ ์ •์น˜ 7 3) ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด, ๊ฐ์ •๊ณผ ์ •๋™, ์ •๋™์  ๋‚ด์…”๋„๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ 8 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 11 โ…ก. ์œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ ํฌ๋ฆฌ์—์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ตญ๋ฝ• ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ  ์ƒ์‚ฐ 18 1. "๋–ก์ƒ"์„ ์œ„ํ•œ "๊ตญ๋ฝ•์ฝ”์ธ" ํƒ‘์Šน 19 2. "๋–ก์ƒ"์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ตญ๋ฝ• ์œ ํŠœ๋ฒ„์˜ ์ „๋žต 28 3. ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์™€ ๊ณต์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ 44 โ…ข. ์œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœ 51 1. ํ”Œ๋žซํผ ์•„ํ‚คํ…์ฒ˜ 52 2. ์ƒ์‚ฐ-์†Œ๋น„์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœ 54 1) ์ˆ˜์ต ์ฐฝ์ถœ์˜ ์œ ํ˜น 54 2) ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ํฌํšํ•˜๋Š” ๋ซ 59 3) '์šฐ๋ฆฌ'๋Š” ๋Œ“๊ธ€์ฐฝ์—์„œ ๋ชจ์ธ๋‹ค 63 3. ๊ตญ๋ฝ• ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ ์˜ ์ˆœํ™˜ 65 1) ๊ณ ๊ตญ ์ง€์‹œ์–ด '์šฐ๋ฆฌ'์™€ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์ฐฝ์˜ ์˜ํ† ํ™” 66 2) '์šฐ๋ฆฌ'๋งŒ์˜ ํŠน์ˆ˜์„ฑ 68 3) ๊ตญ๋ฝ•์ด ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณตํ•ฉ์  ๊ฐ์ • 73 โ…ฃ. ์œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ ๊ตญ๋ฝ• ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ ์˜ ์†Œ๋น„ 83 1. ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ผ์ƒ์  ์†Œ๋น„ 84 1) ๋งค์ผ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์  ๊ณต๊ฐ„ 84 2) ์ผ์ƒ์  ์น˜์œ ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๊ตญ๋ฝ• 88 2. ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋จ์˜ ๊ฐ์ • 98 1) ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ํ™”๋œ ์ง‘๋‹จ์  ์—ด๊ด‘ 98 2) ๊ฐ๊ฐ์ ์ธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ 110 3. ์ผ์ƒ์  '์›๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฏผ์กฑ์ฃผ์˜' 120 โ…ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  130 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 134 Abstract 143์„

    The Contents Analysis of Urban Chapter in High School Korean Geography Textbooks: Focusing on Romey Method

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์‚ฌ๋ฒ”๋Œ€ํ•™ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ต์œก๊ณผ(์ง€๋ฆฌ์ „๊ณต),2019. 8. ์‹ ์ •์—ฝ.A city, a central space in the modern society, is a space of integration and synthesis. It is essential to understand what a city is and geography education at academic institutions such as schools is the most basic step for public to have opportunities to learn about a city. There are a lot of important topics in geography education and the study unit of urban is able to synthetically cover the various phenomena and topics of geography. Moreover, it is one of the most appropriate study units which plays as a bridge connecting with other different topics, so it is appropriate to organize the inquiring contents composition through comprehensive and synthetic understanding. Even though there have been some literatures about a city in the lens of geography education, there are still demands for profound and systematic approaches researching it. In case of textbooks, they are the most important educational media in geography education, but some of analysis have pointed out the contents are limited to physical and human geography. In addition to this, it is not easy to find literatures about contents analysis of textbooks based on inquiry which has got paid more attention since the 7th national curriculum. This paper aims to suggest the improvement plans for inquiry textbooks by comparing and analyzing the 2007 and 2009 of revised curriculum to the 2015 of revised curriculum focusing on the urban chapter in Korean Geography textbook in high school. This paper analyzes the contents of the study unit of urban texts in the 2015 revised curriculum by measuring the frequency of terminology with Krkwic. Terminologies with the higher frequency are extracted because they are regarded as core concepts and through semantic network and degree centrality, it has been possible to identify the text structures of each textbook. As a result, there are three types of textbooks identified: 1) term-centered textbooks which can cover all of the content elements in the study unit of urban 2) factors-centered textbooks, the factors of which compose of the internal structure of a city 3) economic term-centered textbooks. Furthermore, this paper identifies the linkage between concepts of urban development, urban planning, city and village, urban (internal) structure, and other (land development and environmental inequality) which are sub-topics of the study unit of urban geography. As a result of the analysis with Romey method which quantitatively analyzes the inquiry of the urban chapter, the latest textbooks under 2015 revised curriculum demonstrate their inquiry in terms of the index of figure and diagram and activities. However, Text analysis rating index and Analysis index for questions at the ends of chapter show a non-inquiring tendency. It has been confirmed that the textbooks are explanation-oriented because the value is closed to zero, but this outcome is inevitable. This is because the 2015 revised curriculum seeks education based on basic concepts. Questions at the ends of chapter require students to apply the study contents. Textbooks with a lot of questions like this can make students feel vagueness and can inculcate misconceptions to students. Therefore, it is required to increase the number of questions which review study contents that students learn, so that it is possible to help the students well understand the contents and to prevent students from misconceptions in order to make better inquiry textbooks. This paper suggests solutions to improve inquiry through analyzing the contents of the urban chapter and using Romey method. This can contribute to the development of the inquiry textbook composition which is emphasized in geography education. Moreover, by analyzing from the perspective of urban geographers the perspective of which is different from pedagogy, it tries to broaden the prospect of urban geography education. I anticipates that this try will become a trigger for the profound and various urban geography education researches.ํ˜„๋Œ€์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ธ ๋„์‹œ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ํ™œ๋™์˜ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์œต๋ณตํ•ฉ์ ์ธ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง„๋‹ค. ๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ๋Œ€์ค‘์ด ๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ์ ‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š” ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ์˜ ์ง€๋ฆฌ๊ต์œก์ด๋‹ค. ์ง€๋ฆฌ ๊ต๊ณผ์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ์ฃผ์ œ๋“ค ์ค‘์—์„œ ๋„์‹œ ๋‹จ์›์€ ๋„์‹œ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ง€๋ฆฌ์  ํ˜„์ƒ๊ณผ ์ฃผ์ œ๋“ค์„ ์œต๋ณตํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฃฐ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋˜ํ•œ ์ง€๋ฆฌ ๊ต๊ณผ ์™ธ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ๋“ค์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃฐ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์œต๋ณตํ•ฉ์  ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ํƒ๊ตฌ์  ๋‚ด์šฉ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์—๋Š” ์ ํ•ฉํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ง€๋ฆฌ๊ต์œก์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ œ๋กœ ํ•œ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋„์‹œ ๋‹จ์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ด๊ณ  ์‹ฌ์ธต์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ง€๋ฆฌ๊ต์œก์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ต์œก ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์ธ ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ์— ์ˆ˜๋ก๋œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ž์—ฐ์ง€๋ฆฌ ๋ถ„์•ผ, ์ธ๋ฌธ์ง€๋ฆฌ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์ œํ•œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ์™”์œผ๋ฉฐ, 7์ฐจ ๊ต์œก ๊ณผ์ • ์ด๋ž˜๋กœ ์ ์  ์ค‘์š”์‹œ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํƒ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ๋‚ด์šฉ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ ๋‚ด์šฉ๋ถ„์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†๋Š” ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ตใ€Œํ•œ๊ตญ์ง€๋ฆฌใ€๊ต๊ณผ์„œ ๋‚ด ๋„์‹œ ๋‹จ์›์„ ํ˜„ 2015 ๊ฐœ์ • ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ค‘์ ์œผ๋กœ 2007, 2009 ๊ฐœ์ • ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ๋‚ด์šฉ ๋ฐ ํƒ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์„ ๋น„๊ตโ€ค๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ , ํƒ๊ตฌ์  ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 2015 ๊ฐœ์ • ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ํ•œ๊ตญ์ง€๋ฆฌ ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ ๋„์‹œ ๋‹จ์› ํ…์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ Krkwic์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์šฉ์–ด ๋นˆ๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋นˆ๋„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ์šฉ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ•ต์‹ฌ๊ฐœ๋…์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜๋ฏธ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋ง๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์ค‘์‹ฌ์„ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ ๋ณ„ ํ…์ŠคํŠธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋„์‹œ ๋‹จ์› ๋‚ด ๋‚ด์šฉ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์•„์šฐ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด๋“ค์ด ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ, ๋„์‹œ ๋‚ด๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์ด ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ, ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ธก๋ฉด์— ํ•ด๋‹น๋˜๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด๋“ค์ด ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ธ ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ํ•ต์‹ฌ๊ฐœ๋…๋“ค ๊ฐ„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋ง์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ ๋„์‹œ ๋‹จ์›์˜ ์ค‘๋‹จ์›์ธ ๋„์‹œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ, ๋„์‹œ ๊ณ„ํš, ๋„์‹œ์™€ ์ดŒ๋ฝ, ๋„์‹œ(๋‚ด๋ถ€)๊ตฌ์กฐ, ๊ธฐํƒ€(๊ตญํ†  ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ณผ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ)์— ํ•ด๋‹น๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…๋“ค๋ผ๋ฆฌ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋˜์–ด ์ด์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋„์‹œ ๋‹จ์›์˜ ํƒ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์„ ์ •๋Ÿ‰์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” Romey ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ตœ์‹ ์˜ 2015 ๊ฐœ์ • ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ ๋ฐ ๋„ํ‘œ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์ง€์ˆ˜์™€ ํ™œ๋™ ์ง€์ˆ˜์—์„œ๋Š” ํƒ๊ตฌ์  ์„ฑํ–ฅ์˜ ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ๋กœ ํŒ๋ช…๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ณธ๋ฌธ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์ง€์ˆ˜์™€ ์ ˆ๊ณผ ์žฅ์˜ ๋๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์ง€์ˆ˜์—์„œ ๋น„ํƒ๊ตฌ์  ์„ฑํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ๋ฌธ ํ‰๊ฐ€์ง€์ˆ˜ ๊ฐ’์€ 0์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์›Œ ์„ค๋ช…์‹ ์œ„์ฃผ์˜ ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋˜๋‚˜ ์ด๋Š” ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€ํ”ผํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง„๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ง€๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ต๊ณผ๋ชฉ์ด๋ฉฐ ์ง€๋ฆฌ ๊ต๊ณผ์˜ 2015 ๊ฐœ์ • ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ์ ˆ๊ณผ ์žฅ์˜ ๋๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์ง€์ˆ˜ ๊ฐ’์€ ํƒ๊ตฌ์  ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ƒํšŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ํ•™์ƒ์—๊ฒŒ ํ•™์Šต ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ํ™œ๋™์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ๋Š” ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ๋งŒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ํ•™์Šตํ•˜๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง‰์—ฐํ•จ์„ ๋Š๋ผ๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์˜ค๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์ง€๋‹Œ ์ฑ„ ํ•™์Šต ํ™œ๋™์— ์ž„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ•™์Šต์ž๊ฐ€ ํ•™์Šตํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋Š˜๋ ค ํ•™์Šต์ž์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋•๊ณ  ์˜ค๊ฐœ๋… ํ˜•์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํƒ๊ตฌ์  ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ๋กœ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€๋Š”๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์ง€๋ฆฌ ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ์˜ ๋„์‹œ ๋‹จ์› ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ , Romey ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํƒ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์„ ์ง„๋‹จํ•˜์—ฌ ํƒ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ง€๋ฆฌ ๊ต๊ณผ์—์„œ ๊ฐ•์กฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํƒ๊ตฌ์  ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐœ์ „์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ต์œกํ•™๊ณผ์—์„œ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ ๋ถ„์„๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ธก๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ๋„์‹œ์ง€๋ฆฌํ•™์ž์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ์—์„œ ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ ๋‚ด์šฉ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋„์‹œ์ง€๋ฆฌ๊ต์œก์˜ ์ง€ํ‰์„ ๋„“ํ˜€ ๋ณด๋ ค ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹œ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ถœ๋ฐœ์ ์ด ๋˜์–ด ๋ณด๋‹ค ์‹ฌ์ธต์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋„์‹œ์ง€๋ฆฌ๊ต์œก ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋‹ค.I. ์„œ๋ก  1 II. ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 5 1. ์ง€๋ฆฌ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์˜ ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 5 2. ์ง€๋ฆฌ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์ ‘๊ทผ 9 1) ํƒ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ์˜ ์ง€๋ฆฌ๊ต์œก 9 2) ๋‚ด์šฉ์ง€์‹ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ์˜ ์ง€๋ฆฌ๊ต์œก 11 3) ํ•ต์‹ฌ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ์˜ ์ง€๋ฆฌ๊ต์œก 13 3. ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก  16 1) ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ ๋‚ด์šฉ ๋ถ„์„ 16 2) ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ ํƒ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„ 18 3) ํƒ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์ธก์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•œ Romey ๊ธฐ๋ฒ• 21 โ…ข.ํ•œ๊ตญ์ง€๋ฆฌ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ ๋‚ด ๋„์‹œ ๋‹จ์› ๋ถ„์„ 29 1. ๋„์‹œ ๋‹จ์› ์ฒด๊ณ„ ๋ณ€ํ™” 29 1) ๋„์‹œ ๋‹จ์› ๋น„์ค‘ 30 2) ๋„์‹œ ๋‹จ์› ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์„ฑ์ทจ๊ธฐ์ค€ 32 2. ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ ๋‚ด์šฉ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๋ฐฉ์‹ 37 3. ์šฉ์–ด ๋นˆ๋„ ์ธก์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ ๋ถ„์„ 41 1) ํ•ต์‹ฌ๊ฐœ๋… ์ถœํ˜„ ๋นˆ๋„ 41 2) ํ•ต์‹ฌ๊ฐœ๋…๋“ค์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋ง ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์ค‘์‹ฌ์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„ 44 3) ํ•ต์‹ฌ๊ฐœ๋…๋“ค ๊ฐ„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋ง ๋ถ„์„ 48 4. Romey ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ ๋ถ„์„ 50 1) ๋ณธ๋ฌธ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์ง€์ˆ˜ 50 2) ๊ทธ๋ฆผ ๋ฐ ๋„ํ‘œ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์ง€์ˆ˜ 54 3) ์ ˆ๊ณผ ์žฅ์˜ ๋๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์ง€์ˆ˜ 57 4) ํ™œ๋™์ง€์ˆ˜ 60 5) ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋…ผ์˜ 62 โ…ฅ. ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ ๋‚ด ๋„์‹œ ๋‹จ์› ํƒ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ํ–ฅ์ƒ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 65 โ…ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  68 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 72 Abstract 82Maste

    A Study on the electrochromic phenomenon of Ni-W oxide with electrochemical insertion of lithium : a new anodic coloration electrode material

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๊ธˆ์†๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ,1997.Docto
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