87 research outputs found

    μΌμ œκ°•μ œμ§•μš©μ‚¬κ±΄ λŒ€λ²•μ› νŒκ²°μ— λŒ€ν•œ 쒅합적 연ꡬ

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    μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λ²•ν•™μ—°κ΅¬μ†Œκ°€ κ°œμ΅œν•œ ν•™μˆ νšŒμ˜ μΌμ œκ°•μ œμ§•μš©μ‚¬κ±΄ λŒ€λ²•μ›νŒκ²°μ— λŒ€ν•œ 쒅합적 μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œ λ°œν‘œν•œ 글을 μˆ˜μ •β€€λ³΄μ™„ν•œ κ²ƒμž„.이 글은 일제 κ°•μ œμ§•μš© 사건에 λŒ€ν•œ λŒ€λ²•μ› 2012. 5. 24. μ„ κ³  2009λ‹€22549 판결 쀑 λŒ€μƒνŒκ²°μ΄ 직접 닀루지 μ•„λ‹ˆν•œ 거의 μœ μΌν•œ 쟁점, 즉 κ°•μ œμ§•μš©λ°°μƒμ±…μž„μ˜ 성립여뢀와 κ·Έ λ²”μœ„μ˜ 문제λ₯Ό κ²€ν† ν•œλ‹€. κ²€ν† μ˜ κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” λ‹€μŒκ³Ό κ°™λ‹€. λ¨Όμ €, κ΅­μ œλ²•μƒ κ°œμΈλ°°μƒμ±…μž„μ΄ μΈμ •λ˜κΈ°λŠ” 쉽지 μ•„λ‹ˆν•˜κ³ , 가사 μΈμ •λœλ‹€ ν•˜λ”λΌλ„ κ΅­λ‚΄ λ―Όμ‚¬λ²•μ›μ—μ„œ μ±…μž„μ„ 좔ꢁ할 수 μžˆλŠ”μ§€λ„ λΆ„λͺ…ν•˜μ§€ μ•„λ‹ˆν•˜λ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ κ΅­μ œλ²•μƒ κ°œμΈλ°°μƒμ±…μž„μ΄ μ„±λ¦½ν•œλ‹€ ν•˜λ”λΌλ„ 민사법상 κ°œμΈμ±…μž„μ—λŠ” μ›μΉ™μ μœΌλ‘œ 영ν–₯이 μ—†κ³ , μ–‘μžλŠ” μ—°λŒ€μ±„κΆŒ μœ μ‚¬μ˜ 관계에 놓인닀. λ‹€μŒ, λ―Όμ‚¬μ±…μž„κ³Ό κ΄€λ ¨ν•˜μ—¬μ„œλŠ” 무엇보닀도 일본의 κ΅­λ―Όμ§•μš©λ Ή λ“± 법령을 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ°°μ œν•  수 μžˆλŠ”κ°€κ°€ λ¬Έμ œλœλ‹€. μ—¬λŸ¬ 가지 μ ‘κ·Ό 방법이 μžˆμœΌλ‚˜, λŒ€μƒνŒκ²°κ³Ό κ°€μž₯ 잘 λΆ€ν•©ν•˜κ³  κ°€μž₯ λ‚˜μ€ ꡬ성방법은 일본의 ν•œκ΅­λ³‘ν•©κ³Ό 식민지배가 κ΅­μ œλ²•μƒ λ¬΄νš¨λΌλŠ” 것인데, μ΄μ—λŠ” κ΅­μ œλ²•μƒ 병합이 λ¬΄νš¨κ°€ λ˜λŠ” κ·Όκ±°κ°€ λ¬Έμ œλœλ‹€. ν™˜μ†‘μ‹¬μ€ 이에 κ΄€ν•˜μ—¬ μž…μž₯을 λ°ν˜€μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€. κ·Έ 이외에 κ΅­λ―Όμ§•μš©λ Ή 등이 ν•œλ°˜λ„μ—μ„œλŠ” 무효라 ν•˜λ”λΌλ„ μΌλ³ΈνšŒμ‚¬μ— λŒ€ν•˜μ—¬ 무효라고 ν•  μˆ˜λŠ” μ—†μœΌλ―€λ‘œ, 의무의 μΆ©λŒμ΄λ‚˜ 법λ₯ μ˜ μ°©μ˜€κ°€ 문제될 수 μžˆμœΌλ‚˜, μΌλ³ΈνšŒμ‚¬μ˜ 제2μ°¨ μ„Έκ³„λŒ€μ „ λ‹Ήμ‹œμ˜ μ—­ν• κ³Ό μ§€μœ„μ— λΉ„μΆ”μ–΄ λ³Ό λ•Œ 결과적 으둜 λΆˆλ²•ν–‰μœ„μ±…μž„μ„ λΆ€μ •ν•˜κΈ°λŠ” μ–΄λ €μ›Œ 보인닀. ν•œνŽΈ, κ·Όλ‘œκ΄€κ³„λŠ” 무효라고 λ³Ό κ·Όκ±°κ°€ μ—†μœΌλ―€λ‘œ μž„κΈˆ μ§€κΈ‰μ˜λ¬΄λŠ” κ·Όλ‘œκ³„μ•½μ— ν„° μž‘μ•„ 인정될 수 있고, 이에 사싀적 κ·Όλ‘œκ΄€κ³„λ₯Ό μ›μš©ν•  ν•„μš”λŠ” μ—†λ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 이처럼 계약상 μž„κΈˆμ§€κΈ‰μ˜λ¬΄μ™€ λΆˆλ²•ν–‰μœ„μ±…μž„μ΄ μΈμ •λœλ‹€ ν•˜λ”λΌλ„ ν˜„ν–‰λ²•μƒ μ‹€μ œ 인용될 수 μžˆλŠ” κΈˆμ•‘μ€ 크지 μ•„λ‹ˆν•˜λ‹€. μ΄μƒμ˜ κ²€ν† κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” 민사법적 μ±…μž„μΆ”κΆμ΄ κ°–λŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬ ν•œκ³„λ₯Ό 보여쀀닀. 집단적 보상이 보닀 합리적인 방법이라고 μƒκ°λœλ‹€. κ·ΈλŸΌμ—λ„ λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³  민사법적 μ±…μž„μΆ”κΆμ„ μ‹œλ„ν•œ 것은 ν˜„μ‹€μ μœΌλ‘œ 우리 정뢀도 일본 μ •λΆ€ 및 μΌλ³ΈνšŒμ‚¬λ„ ν”Όν•΄μžλ“€μ˜ λͺ©μ†Œλ¦¬μ— λ‹΅ν•˜μ§€ μ•„λ‹ˆν•˜λŠ” μƒν™©μ—μ„œ μ΄λ“€μ—κ²Œ μ „ν–₯적 해결을 μ΄‰κ΅¬ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ μ „λž΅μœΌλ‘œ λ³Ό 수 있고, κ·ΈλŸ¬ν•œ μ μ—μ„œ κ·Έ 의의λ₯Ό 인정할 수 μžˆλ‹€. λŒ€μƒνŒκ²°μ΄ 문제의 해결이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ κ·Έ 좜발점인 κΉŒλ‹­μ΄λ‹€.In a decision 2009Da22549, the Supreme Court overturned the appellate courts decision, which dismissed the Korean forced laborers claim for Japanese company to pay wages for their labor and damages for the companys negligence in caring for their health and safety, and sent the case back to Pusan High Court. In this article the legal issues, which have never been dealt with until the case reached the Supreme Court, i.e. the condition of civil liability and the amount of wages and damages, will be discussed. As for the condition of civil liability, the fact that Korean peoples forced labor was based on the Japanese code, the National Service Draft Ordinance (hereafter NSD) does matter. For the law enforcement is lawful and excludes illegality in principle, while civil liability requires an illegal action. Three alternative approaches could be introduced: some may argue NSD was null and void from its enactment, as it violated the international law principles at that time. Others can say NSD was valid before 1945, but the Korean Constitution of 1947 or later rendered it null and void ex tunc at least in Korean territory. Still others might think NSD was and is still valid, but Korean court can and should neglect it as it violates the Korean Constitution. Though the first alternative is the most recommendable in theoretical as well as political terms, the justification of it does not appear so clear and simple. Even if establishing the liability is possible, the expected amount of wages and damages is not so much, due to the nominalistic principle of monetary obligation and the Korean courts practice of assessing damages for non-pecuniary loss.이 논문은 μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λ²•ν•™μ—°κ΅¬μ†Œ 기금의 2012λ…„ ν•™μˆ μ—°κ΅¬λΉ„ 지원을 λ°›

    κ°œμ„ λœ 닀단계 뢀ꡬ쑰화 기법을 μ΄μš©ν•œ λŒ€ν˜•κ΅¬μ‘°λ¬Όμ˜ μž¬ν•΄μ„ 방법

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ (석사)-- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› : 기계항곡곡학뢀(λ©€ν‹°μŠ€μΌ€μΌ 기계섀계전곡), 2013. 8. 쑰맹효.μœ ν•œμš”μ†Œλ²•(FE)μ—μ„œ λŒ€ν˜• λͺ¨λΈμ˜ 동적 해석 μ‹œ 계산 효율 ν–₯상을 μœ„ν•΄ 뢀뢄ꡬ쑰합성법(Component Mode Synthesis, CMS)이 μ‚¬μš©λ  수 μžˆλ‹€. 졜근 μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ λΆ€λΆ„κ΅¬μ‘°ν•©μ„±λ²•μœΌλ‘œ κ°œμ„ λœ 닀단계 뢀ꡬ쑰화 기법(Enhanced Multi-Level Substructuring Scheme, EMLS)이 μ œμ•ˆλ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. 이 방법은 κΈ°μ‘΄ 고정경계 기반 뢀뢄ꡬ쑰합성법인 Craig-Bampton 방법보닀 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œ 크기λ₯Ό 더 μž‘κ²Œ μΆ•μ†Œν•  수 μžˆλŠ” λ™μ‹œμ— 더 넓은 주파수 λŒ€μ—­μ—μ„œ μ •ν™•ν•œ ν•΄λ₯Ό ꡬ할 수 μžˆλ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” κ°œμ„ λœ 닀단계 뢀ꡬ쑰화 기법을 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œ λ³€ν˜•μ— λ”°λ₯Έ 반볡적 해석 과정에 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ˜€κ³  계산 νš¨μœ¨μ„ κ·ΉλŒ€ν™”ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μž¬ν•΄μ„ 방법을 λ„μž…ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ κ°œμ„ λœ 닀단계 뢀ꡬ쑰화 기법을 μ΄μš©ν•œ μž¬ν•΄μ„ λ°©λ²•μ˜ μ μ ˆμ„±κ³Ό 계산 νš¨μœ¨μ„ ν™•μΈν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λΉ„ν–‰κΈ° λ‚ κ°œ ꡬ쑰 λͺ¨λΈμ„ μ΄μš©ν•˜μ—¬ 크기 μ΅œμ ν™” 문제λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€.FEM has still challenge in dynamic analysis of large-scale model when it comes to computational costs. For it, Component Mode Synthesis (CMS) can be solution. New CMS based fixed interface normal mode presented. It is Enhanced Multi-Level Sub-structuring Scheme(EMLS). EMLS has higher accuracy than traditional method such as Craig-Bampton method through using dynamic constraint mode and sub-structuring from hierarchical. For the repeated calculation with EMLS, reanalysis method was adapted. It makes reduction basis from static analysis instead of dynamic analysis. To prove its robustness and effectiveness, sizing optimization for wing box model was solved.초둝 1. μ„œλ‘  2. 뢀ꡬ쑰화 기법 2.1. 뢀ꡬ쑰화 기법 2.2. κ°œμ„ λœ 닀단계 뢀ꡬ쑰화 기법 3. μž¬ν•΄μ„ 방법 3.1. μž¬ν•΄μ„ 방법 3.2. μž¬ν•΄μ„ λ°©λ²•μ˜ κ°œμ„ λœ 닀단계 뢀ꡬ쑰화 기법 적용 4. 수치 예제 5. κ²°λ‘  μ°Έκ³ λ¬Έν—Œ 뢀둝 AbstractMaste

    Transfer of Contract

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    계약이전은 μ œλ²• λΉˆλ²ˆν•˜κ²Œ ν–‰ν•΄μ§€λŠ” κ±°λž˜λ‘œμ„œ, κ·Έ 법적 ꡬ성에 κ΄€ν•˜μ—¬λ„ μ–΄λŠ 정도 의견의 μΌμΉ˜κ°€ 이루어져 μžˆλ‹€. μ„Έ λ‹Ήμ‚¬μžμ˜ ν•©μ˜ λ˜λŠ” 양도인과 μ–‘μˆ˜μΈμ˜ μ–‘λ„ν–‰μœ„μ™€ μƒλŒ€λ°©μ˜ λ™μ˜μ— μ˜ν•˜μ—¬ λ©΄μ±…μ μœΌλ‘œ 이루어져야 ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것이 그것이닀. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ’…λž˜μ˜ λ…Όμ˜λŠ” 특히 μƒμ‚¬κ±°λž˜μ—μ„œ κ·Έ ν•„μš”μ„±μ΄ μ¦κ°€ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” μƒλŒ€λ°©μ˜ λ™μ˜ μ—†λŠ” κ³„μ•½μ΄μ „μ˜ κ°€λŠ₯성에 κ΄€ν•˜μ—¬ μΆ©λΆ„νžˆ λ°°λ €ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ§€ μ•„λ‹ˆν•  뿐 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ, μž„λŒ€ λͺ©μ  뢀동산을 μ–‘λ„ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ ν•˜λŠ” μž„λŒ€μΈμ§€μœ„μ˜ 이전, μž„μ°¨κΆŒ 양도, μ˜μ—…μ–‘λ„μ— μˆ˜λ°˜ν•œ κ³ μš©κ³„μ•½μƒμ§€μœ„μŠΉκ³„, λ³΄ν—˜ λͺ©μ λ¬Όμ˜ 양도에 μˆ˜λ°˜ν•œ λ³΄ν—˜κ³„μ•½μƒ μ§€μœ„μŠΉκ³„ 등은 λ¬Όλ‘ , νšŒμ‚¬λΆ„ν• μ— λ”°λ₯Έ κ³„μ•½λ‹Ήμ‚¬μžμ§€μœ„μ˜ 이전, μžμ‚°λΆ€μ±„μ΄μ „ λ“± λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ, 그리고 맀우 μ€‘μš”ν•œ κ±°λž˜μœ ν˜•μ—μ„œ νŒλ‘€λ‚˜ νŠΉλ³„μž…λ²•μ— μ˜ν•˜μ—¬ λ„μž…λœ μ—¬λŸ¬ νŠΉμΉ™μ„ 이둠체계 내에 ν¬μ„­ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. μ•„μšΈλŸ¬ μ’…λž˜μ˜ 톡섀이 확립될 λ‹Ήμ‹œ λ…Όκ±°λ‘œ μ“΄ μ—¬λŸ¬ μŸμ μ— κ΄€ν•œ 이해가 λ‹€μ†Œ λ°”λ€Œμ—ˆκ³ , 이후 μ—¬λŸ¬ λ‚˜λΌμ—μ„œ 계약이전에 κ΄€ν•œ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μž…λ²•μ΄ μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ‘Œκ±°λ‚˜ 이루어지고 μžˆλ‹€. 이 κΈ€μ—μ„œλŠ” μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ—¬λŸ¬ λ°œμ „μ„ 배경으둜 κ°œλ³„ κ³„μ•½μœ ν˜• 및 μ΄μ „μ‚¬μœ  고유의 λ…Όμ˜μ™€ μ™Έκ΅­μ˜ 법 λ°œμ „μ„ μ‹œμ•Όμ— λ„£μ–΄ 계약이전 λ²•λ¦¬μ˜ μž¬κ΅¬μ„±μ„ μ‹œλ„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 핡심적인 결둠은 λ‹€μŒκ³Ό κ°™λ‹€. 총둠적 λ…Όμ˜μ™€ 각둠적 λ…Όμ˜λ₯Ό λ§€κ°œν•˜κ³ , 계약 이전에 κ΄€ν•œ 일반 λ²•λ¦¬μ˜ ν•΄μ„γ†μš΄μš©μ„ ν•©λ¦¬ν™”ν•˜λ €λ©΄, 계약이전을 μ›μΉ™μ μœΌλ‘œ 양도인과 μ–‘μˆ˜μΈ μ‚¬μ΄μ˜ μ–‘λ„ν–‰μœ„μ™€ μƒλŒ€λ°©μ˜ λ™μ˜λ‘œ κ΅¬λΆ„ν•˜κ³ , μƒλŒ€λ°©μ˜ λ™μ˜λ₯Ό, 삼면계약을 κ΅¬μ„±ν•˜λŠ” ν•œ μ˜μ‚¬ν‘œμ‹œκ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ, 첫째, 양도가 ν—ˆμš©λ˜μ§€ μ•„λ‹ˆν•˜ λŠ” κ³„μ•½μ˜ 경우 양도가λŠ₯성을 λΆ€μ—¬ν•˜κ³ , λ‘˜μ§Έ, μ–‘λ„μΈμ˜ μƒλŒ€λ°©μ— λŒ€ν•œ 채무λ₯Ό λ©΄μ±…μ‹œν‚€λ©°, μ…‹μ§Έ, μ–‘μˆ˜μΈμ˜ μƒλŒ€λ°©μ— λŒ€ν•œ κΆŒλ¦¬μ·¨λ“μ˜ λŒ€ν•­μš”κ±΄μ„ κ°–μΆ”μ–΄μ£ΌλŠ” μž₯치둜 νŒŒμ•…ν•  ν•„μš”κ°€ μžˆλ‹€. μ’…λž˜μ˜ λ…Όμ˜κ°€ μƒλŒ€λ°©μ˜ λ™μ˜λ₯Ό μ‚Όλ©΄ κ³„μ•½μ˜ ν•œ κ΅¬μ„±μš”μ†Œλ‘œ λ³΄λŠ” 계기가 된 법이둠 및 λ„κ·Έλ§ˆν‹±μ  μž₯μ• λŠ” λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„ κ·Ήλ³΅λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ κΈ°λŠ₯ꡬ뢄은 μ–΄λŠ 정도 근래의 법 λ°œμ „ κ²½ν–₯과도 λ“€μ–΄λ§žλŠ”λ‹€. μœ„μ™€ 같은 λ™μ˜μ˜ κΈ°λŠ₯ꡬ뢄을 ν†΅ν•˜μ—¬ νŒλ‘€μ™€ νŠΉλ³„μž…λ²•μƒμ˜ 계약이전법리λ₯Ό μΌλ°˜μ΄λ‘ μ— μ œλŒ€λ‘œ 톡합할 수 μžˆμ„ 뿐 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ, κ³„μ•½μ΄μ „μ˜ μΌλ°˜μ΄λ‘ λ„ 보닀 κ°„λͺ…ν•˜κ³  μΌκ΄€λ˜κ²Œ μ„€λͺ…ν•  수 μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μƒκ°ν•œλ‹€. By transfer of contract, or substitution of contract party, a party to a pre-existing contract can be replaced by a previously uninvolved third party without destroying the contractual relationship itself. It was introduced in and has been acknowledged by both jurisprudence and legal academics for a long time, and is being used frequently in daily commercial or non-commercial transactions. It's legal framework, however, still remains not only uncertain. It is also unsatisfactory in many aspects, especially in view of commercial needs. In this article, a clear, concrete and comprehensive legal framework of transfer of contract would be developed. It can be achieved by distinguishing the consent of the remaining party to the transfer, from the agreement to transfer between the exiting party and the new party, and by discerning three different functions of the remaining party's consent, each of which relates to the transferability of the contract, the requirement of discharging the exiting party, and the requirement for the new party to oppose the transferred contract to the remaining party. The approach presented in this article is expected to contribute to integrate scattered provisions concerning specific types of contracts, legal relationship or transactions such as lease, employment relationship, corporation spin-off and P&A into a coherent system or framework of transfer of contract. Resolutions to some legal issues related to contract transfer, like the interpretation of the scope of transfer, validness of it and others, would be inferred more easily and properly, from the approach above. This approach as well as the consequences of it can be supported in comparative law perspective, also.이 μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ 2009λ…„ ν•˜λ°˜κΈ° μ‹ μž„κ΅μˆ˜ μ—°κ΅¬μ •μ°©κΈˆμœΌλ‘œ μ§€μ›λ˜λŠ” 연ꡬ비에 μ˜ν•˜μ—¬ μˆ˜ν–‰λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€

    ABCD2 Is a Direct Target of Ξ²-Catenin and TCF-4: Implications for X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy Therapy

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    X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is a peroxisomal disorder caused by mutations in the ABCD1 gene that encodes the peroxisomal ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter subfamily D member 1 protein (ABCD1), which is referred to as the adrenoleukodystrophy protein (ALDP). Induction of the ABCD2 gene, the closest homolog of ABCD1, has been mentioned as a possible therapeutic option for the defective ABCD1 protein in X-ALD. However, little is known about the transcriptional regulation of ABCD2 gene expression. Here, through in silico analysis, we found two putative TCF-4 binding elements between nucleotide positions βˆ’360 and βˆ’260 of the promoter region of the ABCD2 gene. The transcriptional activity of the ABCD2 promoter was strongly increased by ectopic expression of Ξ²-catenin and TCF-4. In addition, mutation of either or both TCF-4 binding elements by site-directed mutagenesis decreased promoter activity. This was further validated by the finding that Ξ²-catenin and the promoter of the ABCD2 gene were pulled down with a Ξ²-catenin antibody in a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Moreover, real-time PCR analysis revealed that Ξ²-catenin and TCF-4 increased mRNA levels of ABCD2 in both a hepatocellular carcinoma cell line and primary fibroblasts from an X-ALD patient. Interestingly, we found that the levels of very long chain fatty acids were decreased by ectopic expression of ABCD2-GFP as well as Ξ²-catenin and TCF-4. Taken together, our results demonstrate for the first time the direct regulation of ABCD2 by Ξ²-catenin and TCF-4.ope

    Disease-specific induced pluripotent stem cells: a platform for human disease modeling and drug discovery.

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    The generation of disease-specific induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines from patients with incurable diseases is a promising approach for studying disease mechanisms and drug screening. Such innovation enables to obtain autologous cell sources in regenerative medicine. Herein, we report the generation and characterization of iPSCs from fibroblasts of patients with sporadic or familial diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), juvenile-onset, type I diabetes mellitus (JDM), and Duchenne type muscular dystrophy (DMD), as well as from normal human fibroblasts (WT). As an example to modeling disease using disease-specific iPSCs, we also discuss the previously established childhood cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy (CCALD)- and adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN)-iPSCs by our group. Through DNA fingerprinting analysis, the origins of generated disease-specific iPSC lines were identified. Each iPSC line exhibited an intense alkaline phosphatase activity, expression of pluripotent markers, and the potential to differentiate into all three embryonic germ layers: the ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm. Expression of endogenous pluripotent markers and downregulation of retrovirus-delivered transgenes [OCT4 (POU5F1), SOX2, KLF4, and c-MYC] were observed in the generated iPSCs. Collectively, our results demonstrated that disease-specific iPSC lines characteristically resembled hESC lines. Furthermore, we were able to differentiate PD-iPSCs, one of the disease-specific-iPSC lines we generated, into dopaminergic (DA) neurons, the cell type mostly affected by PD. These PD-specific DA neurons along with other examples of cell models derived from disease-specific iPSCs would provide a powerful platform for examining the pathophysiology of relevant diseases at the cellular and molecular levels and for developing new drugs and therapeutic regimens.ope

    Need to Sanction Marital Infidelity after Breakdown of Spousal Relationship?: A Comparative Law Perspective

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    이 글은 2013. 5. 13. λŒ€λ²•μ›μ—μ„œ μ—΄λ¦° 제91회 λΉ„κ΅λ²•μ‹€λ¬΄μ—°κ΅¬νšŒμ—μ„œ λ°œν‘œν•œ 것을 ν† λ‘  등을 λ°˜μ˜ν•˜μ—¬ μˆ˜μ •ν•œ 것이닀.According to the Korean Supreme Court, a mere de-facto breakdown of spousal relationship, even if irretrievable, does not discharge the married couple of duty of fidelity, so that one who did an act of infidelity after breakdown of his or her spousal relationship should be legally sanctioned (i.e., he or she cannot file for divorce, should pay damages to the other party, and, sometimes, should be under criminal punishment). Undoubtedly, such a legal regime does not fully harmonize with our contemporary understanding of marriage. Thus, some legal scholars propose that just a de-facto breakdown of spousal relationship, as a de-facto divorce, can discharge most spousal duties including duty of fidelity as much as a divorce in strict meaning can do (de-facto divorce theory). However, they do not present whether and how this theory can be justified. In this article, three related questions β€” 1. whether the duty of spousal fidelity remains untouched despite of de-facto breakdown, 2. if it remains, whether the breach of the duty after de-facto breakdown should be legally sanctioned, and 3. if it should not be sanctioned, by what legal construction such a result can be supported β€” are examined, from three points of view: 1. a comparative law perspective which covers Germany, Austria, France, Switzerland and Japan, 2. a legal methodology perspective, and 3. a possible doctrinal construction.이 글은 비ꡐ법적인 κ΄€μ μ—μ„œ 뢀뢀관계가 사싀상 νŒŒνƒ„λ˜μ—ˆμœΌλ‚˜ 법λ₯ μƒ μ΄ν˜Όν•˜μ§€λŠ” μ•„λ‹ˆν•œ μƒνƒœμ—μ„œ λΆ€λΆ€ 일방이 ν•œ λΆ€μ •ν–‰μœ„(不貞葌爲)에 λŒ€ν•˜μ—¬ μ–΄λ– ν•œ μ±…μž„μ„ μ Έμ•Ό ν•˜λŠ”κ°€λ₯Ό 닀룬닀. 기본적인 μ‚¬μ•ˆμœ ν˜•μ€ λΆ€λΆ€κ°€ μ΄ν˜Όμ— ν•©μ˜ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ‚˜ 이혼절차λ₯Ό λ§ˆμΉ˜μ§€ μ•„λ‹ˆν•œ κ²½μš°μ™€ μ΄ν˜Όν•©μ˜ 없이 사싀상 νŒŒνƒ„μƒνƒœμ— 이λ₯Έ 경우의 두 가지이닀. νŒλ‘€λŠ” μ „μžλŠ” 별둠, ν›„μžλŠ” μ–΄μ¨Œλ“  법λ₯ ν˜Όμ€ μ‘΄μ†ν•˜λ―€λ‘œ λΆ€μ •ν–‰μœ„μ— λŒ€ν•˜μ—¬λ„ 이혼, μœ„μžλ£Œ 청ꡬ 및 ν˜•μ‚¬μ²˜λ²Œ(간톡) λ“±μ˜ 법적 μ œμž¬κ°€ κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” μž…μž₯이닀. 학섀은 μ „μžμ— λŒ€ν•˜μ—¬λŠ” λŒ€μ²΄λ‘œ μ°¬μ„±ν•˜λ˜, 이λ₯Ό 사싀상 이혼의 문제둜 닀루고 있고, ν›„μžμ— λŒ€ν•˜μ—¬λŠ” 별 λ…Όμ˜κ°€ μ—†μœΌλ‚˜, λ“œλ¬Όκ²Œ λ…Όν•˜λŠ” κ²¬ν•΄λŠ” 이 경우 μ—­μ‹œ 사싀상 μ΄ν˜Όμ— ν•΄λ‹Ήν•œλ‹€κ³  ν•œλ‹€. λΉ„κ΅λ²•μ μœΌλ‘œλ„ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ νƒœλ„κ°€ κ΄€μ°°λœλ‹€. 독일과 μ˜€μŠ€νŠΈλ¦¬μ•„λŠ” λŒ€μ²΄λ‘œ λΆ€λΆ€κ°„ 성적 μΆ©μ‹€μ˜λ¬΄ μœ„λ°˜μ— λŒ€ν•˜μ—¬ 법적 제재, 특히 μ†ν•΄λ°°μƒμ±…μž„μ„ μ§€μš°λŠ”λ° 맀우 μ†Œκ·Ήμ  이닀. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ κ°œμ • μ „ λ…μΌλ―Όλ²•μ˜ ν˜ΌμΈκ³΅λ™μ²΄μ˜ ν•΄μ†Œ κ·œμ •μ΄λ‚˜ μ˜€μŠ€νŠΈλ¦¬μ•„ νŒλ‘€μƒ μœ μ±…μ΄ν˜Όμ‚¬μœ μ˜ 해석과 λ°©ν•΄λ°°μ œμ²­κ΅¬κΆŒμ˜ ν•œκ³„μ— κ΄€ν•œ λ…Όμ˜λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄λ©΄ 뢀뢀관계가 사싀상 νŒŒνƒ„λ˜λ”λΌλ„ λΆ€λΆ€κ°„ 성적 μΆ©μ‹€μ˜λ¬΄ μžμ²΄λŠ” μ‘΄μ†ν•˜λ˜ κ·Έ ν›„μ˜ λΆ€μ •ν–‰μœ„μ— λŒ€ν•˜μ—¬λŠ” 법적 제재λ₯Ό κ°€ν•˜μ§€ μ•„λ‹ˆν•˜κ³  μžˆμŒμ„ μ•Œ 수 μžˆλ‹€. 반면 ν”„λž‘μŠ€λŠ” λΆ€λΆ€κ°„ 성적 μΆ©μ‹€μ˜λ¬΄ μœ„λ°˜μ— λŒ€ν•˜μ—¬ 손해배상 λ“± 법적 제재λ₯Ό 적극적으둜 κ°€ν•˜κ³  있고, 혼인 관계가 사싀상 νŒŒνƒ„λœ λ’€μ˜ λΆ€μ •ν–‰μœ„μ— λŒ€ν•˜μ—¬λ„ 법적 μ œμž¬κ°€ κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ ν•˜κΈ‰μ‹¬ μž¬νŒλ‘€μ—μ„œλŠ” κ°œμ • ν”„λž‘μŠ€ 민법에 λ„μž…λœ μ—¬λŸ¬ μΌλ°˜μ‘°ν•­μ„ μ΄μš©ν•˜μ—¬ 법적 제재λ₯Ό ν”Όν•œ μ˜ˆλ„ 보인닀. μŠ€μœ„μŠ€μ™€ 일본도 λΆ€λΆ€κ°„ 성적 μΆ©μ‹€μ˜λ¬΄ μœ„λ°˜μ— λŒ€ν•˜μ—¬ 법적 제재λ₯Ό κ°€ν•˜κ³  μžˆμœΌλ‚˜ 이듀은 뢀뢀관계가 사싀상 νŒŒνƒ„μ— 이λ₯Έ λ’€μ˜ λΆ€μ •ν–‰μœ„μ— λŒ€ν•˜μ—¬λŠ” μž¬νŒμƒ μ΄ν˜Όμ‚¬μœ μ™€ λΉ„μž¬μ‚°μ  μ†ν•΄λ°°μƒμ˜ μš”κ±΄μœΌλ‘œμ„œ 손해 κ°œλ…μ˜ 해석을 ν†΅ν•˜μ—¬ 법적 제재λ₯Ό ν”Όν•œλ‹€. λΉ„κ΅λ²•μ μœΌλ‘œλŠ” 사싀상 ν˜ΌμΈκ΄€κ³„κ°€ νŒŒνƒ„μ— 이λ₯Έ 뒀에도 성적 μΆ©μ‹€μ˜λ¬΄λŠ” μ‘΄μ†ν•˜λ˜ κ·Έ λ’€μ˜ λΆ€μ •ν–‰μœ„μ— λŒ€ν•˜μ—¬λŠ” 법적 제재λ₯Ό κ°€ν•˜λŠ” 것을 μžμ œν•˜λŠ” κ²½ν–₯이 κ°•ν•˜λ‹€κ³  ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ κ²½ν–₯은 우리 λ²•μ˜ ν•΄μ„β€€μš΄μš©μ—λ„ ν™œμš©λ  수 μžˆλ‹€. 아직 법λ₯ μƒ μ΄ν˜Όν•˜μ§€ μ•„λ‹ˆν•œ 이상 사싀상 νŒŒνƒ„λ§ŒμœΌλ‘œ 성적 μΆ©μ‹€μ˜λ¬΄κ°€ μ†Œλ©Έν•œλ‹€κ³  λ³΄λŠ” 것은 λ²•ν•΄μ„μ˜ ν•œκ³„λ₯Ό λ²—μ–΄λ‚œλ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ κ·Έ λ’€μ˜ λΆ€μ •ν–‰μœ„μ— λŒ€ν•˜μ—¬ 법적 제재λ₯Ό κ°€ν•˜λŠ” 것은 별 의미 μ—†κ±°λ‚˜ λ‚¨μš©μ μΈ λ²•μ˜ κ°œμž…μ΄ 될 수 μžˆλ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ―€λ‘œ 혼인의무의 μ‘΄μ†μš”κ±΄μ΄ μ•„λ‹Œ κ΅¬μ œμˆ˜λ‹¨ 특유의 μš”κ±΄ 해석을 ν†΅ν•˜μ—¬ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 법적 제재λ₯Ό μ œν•œν•  ν•„μš”κ°€ μžˆλ‹€

    Study of Time Management Tool with Spatial Information

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ (석사)-- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ μœ΅ν•©κ³Όν•™κΈ°μˆ λŒ€ν•™μ› : μœ΅ν•©κ³Όν•™λΆ€ λ””μ§€ν„Έμ •λ³΄μœ΅ν•©μ „κ³΅, 2013. 8. 이쀑식.μŠ€λ§ˆνŠΈν°μ„ μ΄μš©ν•œ 일정관리가 일상인 μ‹œλŒ€κ°€ λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. 이에 λ³Έ λ…Όλ¬Έμ—μ„œλŠ” 개인의 일정관리 도ꡬ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μΈ λͺ¨λ°”일 μΊ˜λ¦°λ”μ— μΌμ •μ˜ 곡간 정보λ₯Ό λΆ€κ°€ν•˜μ—¬ μΌμ •κ΄€λ¦¬μ˜ νš¨μœ¨μ„ λ†’μ΄κ³ μž ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. κ·Έλ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ 개인의 일상을 μ‹œκ³΅κ°„ 경둜λ₯Ό ν†΅ν•œ ꢀ적으둜 μ„€λͺ…ν•˜λŠ” μ‹œκ°„μ§€λ¦¬ν•™μ˜ μ‹œκ³΅κ°„ κ·Έλž˜ν”„λ₯Ό λͺ¨λ°”일 μΊ˜λ¦°λ”μ— λ„μž…, μΌμ •μ˜ μ‹œκ°„κ³Ό 곡간, 톡행을 μ‹œκ°ν™”ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ“±λ‘λ˜λŠ” μΌμ •μ˜ μ •ν™•ν•œ μœ„μΉ˜λ₯Ό μ•Œμ•„μ•Ό 톡행 정보λ₯Ό 계산해 λ‚Ό 수 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— λͺ¨λ°”일 μΊ˜λ¦°λ”μ˜ 일정 λ“±λ‘κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ κ΅¬κΈ€μ˜ 지역정보 μžλ™μ™„μ„± APIλ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•΄ μž₯μ†Œμ˜ μ •ν™•ν•œ μœ„λ„μ™€ 경도λ₯Ό μž…λ ₯λ°›μ•˜κ³ , μž…λ ₯ νžˆμŠ€ν† λ¦¬μ™€ 반볡 일정 등둝 κΈ°λŠ₯ 등을 톡해 μ‚¬μš© νŽΈμ˜μ„±μ„ 도λͺ¨ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 일정관리 λ„κ΅¬λ‘œμ„œμ˜ μΊ˜λ¦°λ”μ™€ κ΄€λ ¨ν•œ λ¬Έν—Œ 쑰사와 μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μΈν„°νŽ˜μ΄μŠ€ 섀계λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ μ˜ˆλΉ„ 쑰사λ₯Ό κ±°μ³μ„œ 개발된 μ•ˆλ“œλ‘œμ΄λ“œμš© λͺ¨λ°”일 μΊ˜λ¦°λ”λ₯Ό 일주일 κ°„ 10λͺ…μ˜ 쑰사 μ°Έμ—¬μžμ—κ²Œ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λ„λ‘ ν•œ λ’€, μ„œλ²„μ— μŒ“μΈ μ°Έμ—¬μž 일정 데이터와 μ „ν™” 인터뷰λ₯Ό ν†΅ν•΄μ„œ λͺ¨λ°”일 μΊ˜λ¦°λ”μ— 곡간 정보λ₯Ό λΆ€κ°€ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œ μ–΄λ–€ μš”μ†Œλ₯Ό κ³ λ €ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ”μ§€, 그리고 곡간 정보가 λΆ€κ°€λœ μΊ˜λ¦°λ”κ°€ μ–΄λ–€ μ‚¬μš©μžμ—κ²Œ μ–΄λ–€ μΈ‘λ©΄μ—μ„œ μ˜λ―ΈμžˆλŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό κ²€μ¦ν•˜κ³  ν‰κ°€ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λͺ¨λ°”일 μΊ˜λ¦°λ”λŠ” 개인의 일상에 λŒ€ν•œ 기얡을 λ³΄μ‘°ν•˜λŠ” λ„κ΅¬λ‘œμ„œ μ‚¬μš©λ˜λŠ”λ°, μ•žμœΌλ‘œμ˜ 일정을 κ³„νšν•˜κ³  κ΄€λ¦¬ν•˜λŠ” 것은 λ―Έλž˜κ³„νšκΈ°μ–΅, μ§€λ‚˜κ°„ 일정을 λ³΄κ΄€ν•˜λŠ” 것은 κ³Όκ±°κ²½ν—˜κΈ°μ–΅μ˜ λ³΄μ‘°μˆ˜λ‹¨μœΌλ‘œ μΊ˜λ¦°λ”κ°€ κΈ°λŠ₯ν•œλ‹€κ³  ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€. μ‹œκ³΅κ°„ κ·Έλž˜ν”„λ₯Ό 톡해 μΌμ •μ˜ 곡간과 톡행 정보가 λΆ€κ°€λœ λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ λͺ¨λ°”일 μΊ˜λ¦°λ”λŠ” μΌμƒκΈ°μ–΅μ˜ μ™Έμž¬μ  λ³΄μ‘°λ„κ΅¬λ‘œμ„œ μΌμ •μ˜ μ‹œκ³΅κ°„κ²½λ‘œλ₯Ό μ‹œκ°ν™”ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨ κΈ°μ‘΄ μΊ˜λ¦°λ”μ— λΉ„ν•΄ λ―Έλž˜κ³„νšκΈ°μ–΅μ„ λ•λŠ” λ³΄μ‘°λ„κ΅¬λ‘œ 더 λ‚˜μ€ 정보λ₯Ό μ€€λ‹€λŠ” κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μ–»μ—ˆλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ κ³Όκ±°κ²½ν—˜μ— λŒ€ν•œ λΌμ΄ν”„λ‘œκΉ… μž₯치의 μ—­ν•  λ˜ν•œ ν•  수 μžˆμŒμ„ μˆ˜μ§‘λœ 데이터λ₯Ό 톡해 μ‹œμ‚¬ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ‹œκ³΅κ°„ κ·Έλž˜ν”„λ₯Ό μ œκ³΅ν•˜λŠ” λͺ¨λ°”일 μΊ˜λ¦°λ”μ˜ μΈν„°νŽ˜μ΄μŠ€μ—μ„œλŠ” μΌμ •μ˜ μž₯μ†Œλ₯Ό μž…λ ₯ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ ν…μŠ€νŠΈ μž…λ ₯을 ν†΅ν•œ μž₯μ†Œμ˜ μžλ™μ™„μ„± κΈ°λŠ₯이 μ „λ°˜μ μœΌλ‘œ 쒋은 평가λ₯Ό λ°›μ•˜λ‹€. ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ‚¬μš©μžκ°€ 등둝을 μ›ν•˜λŠ” μž₯μ†Œκ°€ ꡬ글이 μ œκ³΅ν•˜λŠ” POI 데이터 쀑에 μ—†λ‹€κ±°λ‚˜, μ‚¬μš©μžκ°€ μž₯μ†Œλ₯Ό μ •ν™•ν•˜κ²Œ λͺ¨λ₯΄λŠ” 경우 근처 λ‹€λ₯Έ μž₯μ†Œλ₯Ό μž…λ ₯ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ ν•΄λ‹Ή μž₯μ†Œκ°€ ν¬ν•¨λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλŠ” 지역을 μž…λ ₯ν•˜λŠ” λ“±μ˜ 우회 μ „λž΅μ„ ν†΅ν•œ μž₯μ†Œ μž…λ ₯이 λΆˆνŽΈμ„ 주기도 ν–ˆλ‹€. 이전에 μž…λ ₯λ˜μ—ˆλ˜ μž₯μ†Œλ₯Ό νžˆμŠ€ν† λ¦¬λ‘œ λ³΄μ—¬μ£ΌλŠ” 것은 μž₯μ†Œ μž…λ ₯과정을 λ‹¨μΆ•μ‹œν‚΄μœΌλ‘œμ¨ 쒋은 λ°˜μ‘μ„ μ–»μ—ˆλ‹€. μΌμ •μ˜ μ‹œκ³΅κ°„ 경둜λ₯Ό 보여주기 μœ„ν•œ μΈν„°νŽ˜μ΄μŠ€ μΈ‘λ©΄μ—μ„œ μ‹œκ³΅κ°„ κ·Έλž˜ν”„λ₯Ό 톡해 μΌμ •μ˜ μž₯μ†Œμ™€ 톡행 정보λ₯Ό λ³΄μ—¬μ£ΌλŠ” 것은 일정에 λŒ€ν•œ 쑰망성을 λ†’μΈλ‹€λŠ” κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μ–»μ—ˆμœΌλ‚˜ μž₯μ†Œλ₯Ό λ³΄μ—¬μ£ΌλŠ” 방식과 기타 μ‹œκ°ν™” μΈ‘λ©΄μ—μ„œ λ§Žμ€ λΆ€λΆ„ κ°œμ„ μ— λŒ€ν•œ ν”Όλ“œλ°±μ„ λ“€μ—ˆλ‹€. μ‹œκ³΅κ°„ κ·Έλž˜ν”„μ™€ 함꼐 보여쀄 μ •λ³΄μ˜ 선택과 κ·Έλž˜ν”„λ₯Ό λ³΄μ—¬μ£ΌλŠ” 방식에 λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ ν–₯ν›„ κ°œμ„ μ˜ ν•„μš”κ°€ μžˆλ‹€. 곡간 정보가 λΆ€κ°€λœ μΊ˜λ¦°λ”μ˜ μ‚¬μš©μž 쀑 일정이 λ“±λ‘λœ μž₯μ†Œκ°€ λ‹€μ–‘ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ μƒν™œ 반경이 λ„’μœΌλ©° λ‚―μ„  κ³³μ—μ„œμ˜ 일정이 λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬μš©μžμ—κ²Œ μ‹œκ³΅κ°„ κ·Έλž˜ν”„κ°€ 쒋은 λ°˜μ‘μ„ μ–»μ—ˆλ‹€. κ³ μ •λœ μƒν™œ νŒ¨ν„΄μ„ κ°€μ§€λŠ” μ‚¬μš©μžμ—κ²ŒλŠ” μΌμ •μ˜ κ³„νš μΈ‘λ©΄μ—μ„œλŠ” 큰 도움이 λ˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λŠ” 인터뷰 닡변이 λ§Žμ•˜λŠ”λ°, 톡행 정보가 도움이 λ˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λŠ” μ‚¬μš©μž μ€‘μ—μ„œλ„ 곡간이 μ‹œκ°ν™”λ˜μ–΄ λ³΄μ—¬μ§μœΌλ‘œμ¨ 전체 일정을 쑰망할 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 점은 긍정적인 평가λ₯Ό λ°›μ•˜λ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ λͺ¨λ°”일 μΊ˜λ¦°λ”λ‘œμ„œ HCI λΆ„μ•Όμ˜ μΈν„°νŽ˜μ΄μŠ€ 및 μ •λ³΄μ‹œκ°ν™” μ—°κ΅¬λ‘œμ„œ 의의λ₯Ό 가지고, μΌμ •κ΄€λ¦¬λ„κ΅¬μ˜ 인지적 μΈ‘λ©΄μ—μ„œμ˜ μ—­ν• κ³Ό κ°œμ„ μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ—°κ΅¬λ‘œμ„œ 의의λ₯Ό 가진닀. 그리고 개인의 일정관리에 μ‹œκ°„μ§€λ¦¬ν•™μ˜ κ°œλ…μ„ λ„μž…ν•˜μ—¬ 곡간과 톡행 정보λ₯Ό λΆ€κ°€ν•œ 졜초의 μ—°κ΅¬λ‘œμ„œ μ˜μ˜κ°€ μžˆλ‹€.Use of smartphones for personal scheduling is a common scene in these days. The purpose of this study is to increase usability of mobile calendar through providing the spatial information of schedules. For this, space-time graph that describes the path of personal activity is introduced to mobile calendar visualizing time, location, and travel of schedules. After the literature reviews and preliminary studies for designing the new mobile calendar, it was developed as an Android calendar application. For its evaluation, a semistructured interview was conducted with 10 participants after using the mobile calendar. Through the server data and user interview, the calendar was evaluated its usability. Mobile calendars are used as external memory aid tools that help everyday remembering. The result on this paper shows that the mobile calendar with spce-time graph is more efficient to increase usability of mobile calendar as an external prospective memory tool, and it may also work as lifelogging tool for retrospective memories. To enter the correct location latitude and longitude coordinate on schedules, Google Maps API was used on the input interface. The user history that indicates past locations was provided for better input availability. Space-time graph was good for increasing browsability of daily personal schedules, but it needs some improvement on the visualization methods for easier understanding. The majority of past studies have tended to view calendars only in the time-dimension, but this study extends the notion of mobile calendars that introduce concept of the time geography. It has implications to provide personal schedules with its travel times on mobile calendar for the first time.제1μž₯ μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ λ°°κ²½ 및 λͺ©μ  제2μž₯ 이둠적 λ°°κ²½ 제1절 일정 관리와 λͺ¨λ°”일 μΊ˜λ¦°λ” 제2절 μ‹œκ°„μ§€λ¦¬ν•™κ³Ό 개인의 일상 ν™œλ™ 제3절 μΌμ •μ˜ 곡간과 톡행 정보 제3μž₯ 연ꡬ 문제 제4μž₯ 연ꡬ 방법 제1절 연ꡬ λͺ¨λΈ 제2절 μ˜ˆλΉ„μ‘°μ‚¬ 제5μž₯ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œ 섀계 및 κ΅¬ν˜„ 제1절 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œ 섀계 1. 일정 등둝과 POI μž…λ ₯ 2. 일정에 λ”°λ₯Έ μ‹œκ³΅κ°„ κ·Έλž˜ν”„ 제2절 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œ κ΅¬ν˜„ 제6μž₯ 데이터 μˆ˜μ§‘ 제7μž₯ 연ꡬ κ²°κ³Ό 제1절 μ‚¬μš©μž 뢄석 제2절 λͺ¨λ°”일 μΊ˜λ¦°λ” μ‚¬μš©μ„± 평가 제3절 μΌμ •κ΄€λ¦¬λ„κ΅¬λ‘œμ„œμ˜ 평가 제8μž₯ κ²°λ‘  및 μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ 의의 제1절 μš”μ•½ 및 λ””μžμΈ μ œμ–Έ 제2절 μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ μ‹œμ‚¬μ  제3절 μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ ν•œκ³„ 및 μ œμ–Έ μ°Έκ³ λ¬Έν—Œ AbstractMaste

    ν˜Όμ„± λͺ¨λ“œ ICμ—μ„œμ˜ 기판 작음 λͺ¨λΈλ§

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ(석사)--μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› :전기곡학뢀,2000.Maste

    Ordre public und der Schutz Vertragspartei

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    The Statutory Damages for Personal Data Breach: Article 32-2 of the (Korean) Act on Promotion of Information and Communications Network Utilization and Information Protection, Etc. revised in 2014

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    이 글은 2014. 10. 24. μ„Έμ’…λ¬Έν™”νšŒκ΄€μ—μ„œ μ—΄λ¦° κ³ λ €λŒ€ν•™κ΅ ICRμ„Όν„° κ°œμΈμ •λ³΄λ²• μ„Έλ―Έλ‚˜ λ°œν‘œλ¬Έμ„ μˆ˜μ •β‹…λ³΄μ™„ν•œ 것이닀.2014. 5. 28. κ°œμ • 정보톡신망 μ΄μš©μ΄‰μ§„ 및 μ •λ³΄λ³΄ν˜Έ 등에 κ΄€ν•œ 법λ₯ (μ΄ν•˜ 정보톡신망법이라 ν•œλ‹€)은 제32쑰의2둜 κ°œμΈμ •λ³΄ λˆ„μΆœμ— κ΄€ν•˜μ—¬ 이λ₯Έλ°” 법정손해배상(statutory damages)μ΄λΌλŠ” μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ±…μž„ν˜•μ‹μ„ λ„μž…ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ΄λŠ” 2011λ…„ κ°œμ • μ €μž‘κΆŒλ²•β‹…μƒν‘œλ²•μ— 이어 우리 법에 법정손해배상이 λ“€μ–΄μ˜¨ μ„Έ 번째 예이자 ν•œλ―Έ FTAλΌλŠ” μ™ΈλΆ€μ˜ 영ν–₯κ³Ό λ¬΄κ΄€ν•˜κ²Œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 자발적으둜, 특히 μ§€μ μž¬μ‚°κΆŒλ²• λ°–μ—μ„œ 법정손해배상을 λ„μž…ν•œ 첫 번째 μ˜ˆμ΄κΈ°λ„ ν•˜λ‹€. 이 κΈ€μ—μ„œλŠ” 이λ₯Ό κ³„κΈ°λ‘œ λ²•μ •μ†ν•΄λ°°μƒμ΄λΌλŠ” 미ꡭ법 특유의 λ―Όμ‚¬μ±…μž„ν˜•μ‹μ΄ 우리 λ―Όμ‚¬μ±…μž„λ²•κ³Ό 쑰화될 수 μžˆλŠ”μ§€, 그리고 μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 이질적인 μ œλ„λ₯Ό λ„μž…ν•  λ•Œμ˜ μ˜λ„, 즉 κ°œμΈμ •λ³΄ λˆ„μΆœ μ‚¬κ³ λ‘œ μΈν•œ ν”Όν•΄κ΅¬μ œμ— μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ 도움이 될지λ₯Ό ꡬ체적 해석둠에 κΈ°μ΄ˆν•˜μ—¬ κ²€ν† ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. κ²€ν† κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” λ‹€μŒκ³Ό 같이 μš”μ•½λœλ‹€. κ°œμ • 정보톡신망법 제32쑰의2의 법정손해배상은 μ¦κ±°λ²•μ μœΌλ‘œλŠ” 손해와 손해앑에 κ΄€ν•œ 증λͺ…도λ₯Ό κ²½κ°μ‹œμΌœμ£ΌλŠ” μ œλ„μ΄μ§€λ§Œ, μ‹€μ²΄λ²•μ μœΌλ‘œλŠ” 싀손해 전보λ₯Ό λ„˜μ–΄ λ…μžμ μœΌλ‘œ 제재 λͺ©μ  내지 κΈ°λŠ₯을 κ°–κ³  μžˆμ§€λŠ” μ•„λ‹ˆν•˜κ³ , 그와 같이 ν•΄μ„ν•˜λŠ” ν•œ 우리 λ―Όμ‚¬μ±…μž„λ²•μ— 별 문제 없이 수용될 수 μžˆλ‹€. λ‹€λ§Œ, λ…μžμ μΈ 행사기간, 즉 μ‹œνš¨κΈ°κ°„μ„ κ·œμ •ν•œ 이상 κ·Έ 효과둜 싀체법상 λ³„λ„μ˜ μ†ν•΄λ°°μƒμ²­κ΅¬κΆŒμ„ μ„±λ¦½μ‹œν‚€λŠ” νŠΉμˆ˜ν•œ λΆˆλ²•ν–‰μœ„ κ·œμ •μ΄λΌκ³  보아야 ν•œλ‹€. 그리고 κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ λ³΄λŠ” ν•œ μ†Œμ†‘λ²•μƒ λ³„λ„μ˜ μ†Œμ†‘λ¬Όλ‘œ μ·¨κΈ‰ν•  μˆ˜λ°–μ— μ—†λ‹€. 이 μ œλ„λŠ” 크게 ν•΄κ°€ μžˆλŠ” 것은 μ•„λ‹μ§€λŠ” λͺ°λΌλ„, κ°œμΈμ •λ³΄ λˆ„μΆœλ‘œ μΈν•œ ν”Όν•΄κ΅¬μ œλ₯Ό 크게 κ°œμ„ ν•  κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ 보이지도 μ•„λ‹ˆν•œλ‹€. 무엇보닀도 증λͺ…ν•˜κΈ° 어렡지 μ•„λ‹ˆν•œ 손해와 손해앑에 κ΄€ν•˜μ—¬λŠ” 증λͺ…도λ₯Ό κ²½κ°μ‹œμΌœμ£Όλ©΄μ„œ 증λͺ…ν•˜κΈ° 맀우 μ–΄λ €μš΄, 그리고 κ°€ν•΄μž, 즉 μ •λ³΄ν†΅μ‹ λ§μ„œλΉ„μŠ€ μ œκ³΅μžμ—κ²Œ 증λͺ…ν•˜κ²Œ ν•  λ§Œν•œ μ΄λ‘ μ β‹…μ‹€μ œμ  근거도 μžˆλŠ” κ³ μ˜β‹…κ³Όμ‹€μ€ ν”Όν•΄μžμ—κ²Œ 증λͺ…ν•˜λ„λ‘ ν•˜κ³  있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄λ‹€. λ…μžμ  행사기간을 μ •ν•œ 것도 μ—¬λŸ¬ λ©΄μ—μ„œ μ μ ˆν•˜μ§€ μ•„λ‹ˆν•˜λ‹€. μ΄λŠ”οΌμ •λ³΄ν†΅μ‹ λ§λ²• 제32쑰의2의 μƒλ‹Ήνžˆ 거친 μ‘°λ¬Έ ꡬ쑰와 ν•¨κ»˜οΌμ΄ μ œλ„κ°€ 정말 ν•„μš”ν•œ κ³³μ—μ„œ μ‹ μ€‘ν•œ 심사 끝에 λ„μž…λœ 것인지λ₯Ό μ˜μ‹¬ν•˜κ²Œ ν•˜λŠ” 사정이닀. μ–΄λ–»λ“  μž…λ²•μ  κ°œμ„ μ΄ ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€.On May 28, 2014, the Korean legislator amended the (Korean) Act on Promotion of Information and Communications Network Utilization and Information Protection, Etc. By this revision, a new remedy of statutory damages for personal data breach has been introduced into the Korean law (the newly added article 32-2). Statutory damages are a specific form of liability originated in the American law. Though the Korean law has already implemented statutory damages for two incidents - copyright infringement and trademark forfeiture, both of which were required by the Free Trade Agreement between Korea and USA, it still remains unclear whether this institution can be harmonized with the liability concept and system of civil law, where Korean law also belongs, and how it should be interpreted in tort law as well as civil procedure law of Korea. In this article, it shall be explored whether this institution can be harmonized with the Korean legal system, after a thorough interpretation of it, based on the Korean legal system, is provided. Besides, statutory damages for personal data breach has been voluntarily introduced by the Korean legislator itself, contrary to those for copyright infringement and trademark forfeiture. The motivation is, of course, to improve the protection of the victims of personal data breach. In this article, it shall be also examined whether this new institution would achieve this legislative goal and, if not, what measure should be taken to achieve this goal
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