87 research outputs found
μΌμ κ°μ μ§μ©μ¬κ±΄ λλ²μ νκ²°μ λν μ’ ν©μ μ°κ΅¬
μμΈλνκ΅ λ²νμ°κ΅¬μκ° κ°μ΅ν νμ νμ μΌμ κ°μ μ§μ©μ¬κ±΄ λλ²μνκ²°μ λν μ’
ν©μ μ°κ΅¬μμ λ°νν κΈμ μμ β€λ³΄μν κ²μ.μ΄ κΈμ μΌμ κ°μ μ§μ© μ¬κ±΄μ λν λλ²μ 2012. 5. 24. μ κ³ 2009λ€22549 νκ²° μ€ λμνκ²°μ΄ μ§μ λ€λ£¨μ§ μλν κ±°μ μ μΌν μμ , μ¦ κ°μ μ§μ©λ°°μμ±
μμ μ±λ¦½μ¬λΆμ κ·Έ λ²μμ λ¬Έμ λ₯Ό κ²ν νλ€. κ²ν μ κ²°κ³Όλ λ€μκ³Ό κ°λ€. λ¨Όμ , κ΅μ λ²μ κ°μΈλ°°μμ±
μμ΄ μΈμ λκΈ°λ μ½μ§ μλνκ³ , κ°μ¬ μΈμ λλ€ νλλΌλ κ΅λ΄ λ―Όμ¬λ²μμμ μ±
μμ μΆκΆν μ μλμ§λ λΆλͺ
νμ§ μλνλ€. κ·Έλ¬λ κ΅μ λ²μ κ°μΈλ°°μμ±
μμ΄ μ±λ¦½νλ€ νλλΌλ λ―Όμ¬λ²μ κ°μΈμ±
μμλ μμΉμ μΌλ‘ μν₯μ΄ μκ³ , μμλ μ°λμ±κΆ μ μ¬μ κ΄κ³μ λμΈλ€. λ€μ, λ―Όμ¬μ±
μκ³Ό κ΄λ ¨νμ¬μλ 무μ보λ€λ μΌλ³Έμ κ΅λ―Όμ§μ©λ Ή λ± λ²λ Ήμ μ΄λ»κ² λ°°μ ν μ μλκ°κ° λ¬Έμ λλ€. μ¬λ¬ κ°μ§ μ κ·Ό λ°©λ²μ΄ μμΌλ, λμνκ²°κ³Ό κ°μ₯ μ λΆν©νκ³ κ°μ₯ λμ ꡬμ±λ°©λ²μ μΌλ³Έμ νκ΅λ³ν©κ³Ό μλ―Όμ§λ°°κ° κ΅μ λ²μ 무ν¨λΌλ κ²μΈλ°, μ΄μλ κ΅μ λ²μ λ³ν©μ΄ 무ν¨κ° λλ κ·Όκ±°κ° λ¬Έμ λλ€. νμ‘μ¬μ μ΄μ κ΄νμ¬ μ
μ₯μ λ°νμΌ νλ€. κ·Έ μ΄μΈμ κ΅λ―Όμ§μ©λ Ή λ±μ΄ νλ°λμμλ 무ν¨λΌ νλλΌλ μΌλ³Ένμ¬μ λνμ¬ λ¬΄ν¨λΌκ³ ν μλ μμΌλ―λ‘, μ무μ μΆ©λμ΄λ λ²λ₯ μ μ°©μ€κ° λ¬Έμ λ μ μμΌλ, μΌλ³Ένμ¬μ μ 2μ°¨ μΈκ³λμ λΉμμ μν κ³Ό μ§μμ λΉμΆμ΄ λ³Ό λ κ²°κ³Όμ μΌλ‘ λΆλ²νμμ±
μμ λΆμ νκΈ°λ μ΄λ €μ 보μΈλ€. ννΈ, κ·Όλ‘κ΄κ³λ 무ν¨λΌκ³ λ³Ό κ·Όκ±°κ° μμΌλ―λ‘ μκΈ μ§κΈμ무λ κ·Όλ‘κ³μ½μ ν° μ‘μ μΈμ λ μ μκ³ , μ΄μ μ¬μ€μ κ·Όλ‘κ΄κ³λ₯Ό μμ©ν νμλ μλ€. κ·Έλ¬λ μ΄μ²λΌ κ³μ½μ μκΈμ§κΈμ무μ λΆλ²νμμ±
μμ΄ μΈμ λλ€ νλλΌλ ννλ²μ μ€μ μΈμ©λ μ μλ κΈμ‘μ ν¬μ§ μλνλ€. μ΄μμ κ²ν κ²°κ³Όλ λ―Όμ¬λ²μ μ±
μμΆκΆμ΄ κ°λ μ¬λ¬ νκ³λ₯Ό 보μ¬μ€λ€. μ§λ¨μ 보μμ΄ λ³΄λ€ ν©λ¦¬μ μΈ λ°©λ²μ΄λΌκ³ μκ°λλ€. κ·ΈλΌμλ λΆκ΅¬νκ³ λ―Όμ¬λ²μ μ±
μμΆκΆμ μλν κ²μ νμ€μ μΌλ‘ μ°λ¦¬ μ λΆλ μΌλ³Έ μ λΆ λ° μΌλ³Ένμ¬λ νΌν΄μλ€μ λͺ©μ리μ λ΅νμ§ μλνλ μν©μμ μ΄λ€μκ² μ ν₯μ ν΄κ²°μ μ΄κ΅¬νκΈ° μν νλμ μ λ΅μΌλ‘ λ³Ό μ μκ³ , κ·Έλ¬ν μ μμ κ·Έ μμλ₯Ό μΈμ ν μ μλ€. λμνκ²°μ΄ λ¬Έμ μ ν΄κ²°μ΄ μλλΌ κ·Έ μΆλ°μ μΈ κΉλμ΄λ€.In a decision 2009Da22549, the Supreme Court overturned the appellate courts decision, which dismissed the Korean forced laborers claim for Japanese company to pay wages for their labor and damages for the companys negligence in caring for their health and safety, and sent the case back to Pusan High Court. In this article the legal issues, which have never been dealt with until the case reached the Supreme Court, i.e. the condition of civil liability and the amount of wages and damages, will be discussed.
As for the condition of civil liability, the fact that Korean peoples forced labor was based on the Japanese code, the National Service Draft Ordinance (hereafter NSD) does matter. For the law enforcement is lawful and excludes illegality in principle, while civil liability requires an illegal action. Three alternative approaches could be introduced: some may argue NSD was null and void from its enactment, as it violated the international law principles at that time. Others can say NSD was valid before 1945, but the Korean Constitution of 1947 or later rendered it null and void ex tunc at least in Korean territory. Still others might think NSD was and is still valid, but Korean court can and should neglect it as it violates the Korean Constitution. Though the first alternative is the most recommendable in theoretical as well as political terms, the justification of it does not appear so clear and simple. Even if establishing the liability is possible, the expected amount of wages and damages is not so much, due to the nominalistic principle of monetary obligation and the Korean courts practice of assessing damages for non-pecuniary loss.μ΄ λ
Όλ¬Έμ μμΈλνκ΅ λ²νμ°κ΅¬μ κΈ°κΈμ 2012λ
νμ μ°κ΅¬λΉ μ§μμ λ°
κ°μ λ λ€λ¨κ³ λΆκ΅¬μ‘°ν κΈ°λ²μ μ΄μ©ν λνꡬ쑰물μ μ¬ν΄μ λ°©λ²
νμλ
Όλ¬Έ (μμ¬)-- μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ : κΈ°κ³ν곡곡νλΆ(λ©ν°μ€μΌμΌ κΈ°κ³μ€κ³μ 곡), 2013. 8. μ‘°λ§Ήν¨.μ νμμλ²(FE)μμ λν λͺ¨λΈμ λμ ν΄μ μ κ³μ° ν¨μ¨ ν₯μμ μν΄ λΆλΆκ΅¬μ‘°ν©μ±λ²(Component Mode Synthesis, CMS)μ΄ μ¬μ©λ μ μλ€. μ΅κ·Ό μλ‘μ΄ λΆλΆκ΅¬μ‘°ν©μ±λ²μΌλ‘ κ°μ λ λ€λ¨κ³ λΆκ΅¬μ‘°ν κΈ°λ²(Enhanced Multi-Level Substructuring Scheme, EMLS)μ΄ μ μλμλ€. μ΄ λ°©λ²μ κΈ°μ‘΄ κ³ μ κ²½κ³ κΈ°λ° λΆλΆκ΅¬μ‘°ν©μ±λ²μΈ Craig-Bampton λ°©λ²λ³΄λ€ μμ€ν
ν¬κΈ°λ₯Ό λ μκ² μΆμν μ μλ λμμ λ λμ μ£Όνμ λμμμ μ νν ν΄λ₯Ό ꡬν μ μλ€. λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬μμλ κ°μ λ λ€λ¨κ³ λΆκ΅¬μ‘°ν κΈ°λ²μ μμ€ν
λ³νμ λ°λ₯Έ λ°λ³΅μ ν΄μ κ³Όμ μ μ¬μ©νμκ³ κ³μ° ν¨μ¨μ κ·ΉλννκΈ° μν΄ μ¬ν΄μ λ°©λ²μ λμ
νμλ€. μ΄λ¬ν κ°μ λ λ€λ¨κ³ λΆκ΅¬μ‘°ν κΈ°λ²μ μ΄μ©ν μ¬ν΄μ λ°©λ²μ μ μ μ±κ³Ό κ³μ° ν¨μ¨μ νμΈνκΈ° μν΄ λΉνκΈ° λ κ° κ΅¬μ‘° λͺ¨λΈμ μ΄μ©νμ¬ ν¬κΈ° μ΅μ ν λ¬Έμ λ₯Ό ν΄κ²°νμλ€.FEM has still challenge in dynamic analysis of large-scale model when it comes to computational costs. For it, Component Mode Synthesis (CMS) can be solution. New CMS based fixed interface normal mode presented. It is Enhanced Multi-Level Sub-structuring Scheme(EMLS). EMLS has higher accuracy than traditional method such as Craig-Bampton method through using dynamic constraint mode and sub-structuring from hierarchical. For the repeated calculation with EMLS, reanalysis method was adapted. It makes reduction basis from static analysis instead of dynamic analysis. To prove its robustness and effectiveness, sizing optimization for wing box model was solved.μ΄λ‘
1. μλ‘
2. λΆκ΅¬μ‘°ν κΈ°λ²
2.1. λΆκ΅¬μ‘°ν κΈ°λ²
2.2. κ°μ λ λ€λ¨κ³ λΆκ΅¬μ‘°ν κΈ°λ²
3. μ¬ν΄μ λ°©λ²
3.1. μ¬ν΄μ λ°©λ²
3.2. μ¬ν΄μ λ°©λ²μ κ°μ λ λ€λ¨κ³ λΆκ΅¬μ‘°ν κΈ°λ² μ μ©
4. μμΉ μμ
5. κ²°λ‘
μ°Έκ³ λ¬Έν
λΆλ‘
AbstractMaste
Transfer of Contract
κ³μ½μ΄μ μ μ λ² λΉλ²νκ² νν΄μ§λ κ±°λλ‘μ, κ·Έ λ²μ ꡬμ±μ κ΄νμ¬λ μ΄λ μ λ μ견μ μΌμΉκ° μ΄λ£¨μ΄μ Έ μλ€. μΈ λΉμ¬μμ ν©μ λλ μλμΈκ³Ό μμμΈμ
μλνμμ μλλ°©μ λμμ μνμ¬ λ©΄μ±
μ μΌλ‘ μ΄λ£¨μ΄μ ΈμΌ νλ€λ κ²μ΄ κ·Έκ²μ΄λ€. κ·Έλ¬λ μ’
λμ λ
Όμλ νΉν μμ¬κ±°λμμ κ·Έ νμμ±μ΄ μ¦κ°νκ³ μλ μλλ°©μ λμ μλ κ³μ½μ΄μ μ κ°λ₯μ±μ κ΄νμ¬ μΆ©λΆν λ°°λ €νκ³ μμ§ μλν λΏ μλλΌ, μλ λͺ©μ λΆλμ°μ μλνλ©΄μ νλ μλμΈμ§μμ μ΄μ , μμ°¨κΆ μλ, μμ
μλμ μλ°ν κ³ μ©κ³μ½μμ§μμΉκ³, 보ν λͺ©μ λ¬Όμ μλμ μλ°ν 보νκ³μ½μ μ§μμΉκ³ λ±μ λ¬Όλ‘ , νμ¬λΆν μ λ°λ₯Έ κ³μ½λΉμ¬μμ§μμ μ΄μ , μμ°λΆμ±μ΄μ λ± λ€μν, κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ λ§€μ° μ€μν κ±°λμ νμμ νλ‘λ νΉλ³μ
λ²μ μνμ¬ λμ
λ μ¬λ¬ νΉμΉμ μ΄λ‘ μ²΄κ³ λ΄μ ν¬μνμ§ λͺ»νκ³ μλ€. μμΈλ¬ μ’
λμ ν΅μ€μ΄ ν립λ λΉμ λ
Όκ±°λ‘ μ΄ μ¬λ¬ μμ μ κ΄ν μ΄ν΄κ° λ€μ λ°λμκ³ , μ΄ν μ¬λ¬ λλΌμμ κ³μ½μ΄μ μ κ΄ν μλ‘μ΄ μ
λ²μ΄ μ΄λ£¨μ΄μ‘κ±°λ μ΄λ£¨μ΄μ§κ³ μλ€. μ΄ κΈμμλ μ΄λ¬ν μ¬λ¬ λ°μ μ λ°°κ²½μΌλ‘ κ°λ³ κ³μ½μ ν λ° μ΄μ μ¬μ κ³ μ μ λ
Όμμ μΈκ΅μ λ² λ°μ μ μμΌμ λ£μ΄ κ³μ½μ΄μ λ²λ¦¬μ μ¬κ΅¬μ±μ μλνμλ€.
ν΅μ¬μ μΈ κ²°λ‘ μ λ€μκ³Ό κ°λ€. μ΄λ‘ μ λ
Όμμ κ°λ‘ μ λ
Όμλ₯Ό 맀κ°νκ³ , κ³μ½ μ΄μ μ κ΄ν μΌλ° λ²λ¦¬μ ν΄μγμ΄μ©μ ν©λ¦¬ννλ €λ©΄, κ³μ½μ΄μ μ μμΉμ μΌλ‘
μλμΈκ³Ό μμμΈ μ¬μ΄μ μλνμμ μλλ°©μ λμλ‘ κ΅¬λΆνκ³ , μλλ°©μ λμλ₯Ό, μΌλ©΄κ³μ½μ ꡬμ±νλ ν μμ¬νμκ° μλλΌ, 첫째, μλκ° νμ©λμ§ μλν
λ κ³μ½μ κ²½μ° μλκ°λ₯μ±μ λΆμ¬νκ³ , λμ§Έ, μλμΈμ μλλ°©μ λν μ±λ¬΄λ₯Ό λ©΄μ±
μν€λ©°, μ
μ§Έ, μμμΈμ μλλ°©μ λν κΆλ¦¬μ·¨λμ λνμ건μ κ°μΆμ΄μ£Όλ
μ₯μΉλ‘ νμ
ν νμκ° μλ€. μ’
λμ λ
Όμκ° μλλ°©μ λμλ₯Ό μΌλ©΄ κ³μ½μ ν ꡬμ±μμλ‘ λ³΄λ κ³κΈ°κ° λ λ²μ΄λ‘ λ° λκ·Έλ§ν±μ μ₯μ λ λλΆλΆ 극볡λμλ€. μ΄λ¬ν κΈ°λ₯ꡬλΆμ μ΄λ μ λ κ·Όλμ λ² λ°μ κ²½ν₯κ³Όλ λ€μ΄λ§λλ€. μμ κ°μ λμμ κΈ°λ₯ꡬλΆμ ν΅νμ¬ νλ‘μ νΉλ³μ
λ²μμ κ³μ½μ΄μ λ²λ¦¬λ₯Ό μΌλ°μ΄λ‘ μ μ λλ‘
ν΅ν©ν μ μμ λΏ μλλΌ, κ³μ½μ΄μ μ μΌλ°μ΄λ‘ λ λ³΄λ€ κ°λͺ
νκ³ μΌκ΄λκ² μ€λͺ
ν μ μμ κ²μΌλ‘ μκ°νλ€.
By transfer of contract, or substitution of contract party, a party to a pre-existing
contract can be replaced by a previously uninvolved third party without destroying
the contractual relationship itself. It was introduced in and has been acknowledged
by both jurisprudence and legal academics for a long time, and is being used frequently
in daily commercial or non-commercial transactions. It's legal framework,
however, still remains not only uncertain. It is also unsatisfactory in many aspects,
especially in view of commercial needs.
In this article, a clear, concrete and comprehensive legal framework of transfer of
contract would be developed. It can be achieved by distinguishing the consent of
the remaining party to the transfer, from the agreement to transfer between the exiting
party and the new party, and by discerning three different functions of the remaining
party's consent, each of which relates to the transferability of the contract,
the requirement of discharging the exiting party, and the requirement for the new
party to oppose the transferred contract to the remaining party.
The approach presented in this article is expected to contribute to integrate scattered
provisions concerning specific types of contracts, legal relationship or transactions
such as lease, employment relationship, corporation spin-off and P&A into a
coherent system or framework of transfer of contract. Resolutions to some legal issues
related to contract transfer, like the interpretation of the scope of transfer, validness
of it and others, would be inferred more easily and properly, from the approach
above. This approach as well as the consequences of it can be supported in
comparative law perspective, also.μ΄ μ°κ΅¬λ μμΈλνκ΅ 2009λ
νλ°κΈ° μ μκ΅μ μ°κ΅¬μ μ°©κΈμΌλ‘ μ§μλλ μ°κ΅¬λΉμ μνμ¬ μνλμλ€
ABCD2 Is a Direct Target of Ξ²-Catenin and TCF-4: Implications for X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy Therapy
X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is a peroxisomal disorder caused by mutations in the ABCD1 gene that encodes the peroxisomal ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter subfamily D member 1 protein (ABCD1), which is referred to as the adrenoleukodystrophy protein (ALDP). Induction of the ABCD2 gene, the closest homolog of ABCD1, has been mentioned as a possible therapeutic option for the defective ABCD1 protein in X-ALD. However, little is known about the transcriptional regulation of ABCD2 gene expression. Here, through in silico analysis, we found two putative TCF-4 binding elements between nucleotide positions β360 and β260 of the promoter region of the ABCD2 gene. The transcriptional activity of the ABCD2 promoter was strongly increased by ectopic expression of Ξ²-catenin and TCF-4. In addition, mutation of either or both TCF-4 binding elements by site-directed mutagenesis decreased promoter activity. This was further validated by the finding that Ξ²-catenin and the promoter of the ABCD2 gene were pulled down with a Ξ²-catenin antibody in a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Moreover, real-time PCR analysis revealed that Ξ²-catenin and TCF-4 increased mRNA levels of ABCD2 in both a hepatocellular carcinoma cell line and primary fibroblasts from an X-ALD patient. Interestingly, we found that the levels of very long chain fatty acids were decreased by ectopic expression of ABCD2-GFP as well as Ξ²-catenin and TCF-4. Taken together, our results demonstrate for the first time the direct regulation of ABCD2 by Ξ²-catenin and TCF-4.ope
Disease-specific induced pluripotent stem cells: a platform for human disease modeling and drug discovery.
The generation of disease-specific induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines from patients with incurable diseases is a promising approach for studying disease mechanisms and drug screening. Such innovation enables to obtain autologous cell sources in regenerative medicine. Herein, we report the generation and characterization of iPSCs from fibroblasts of patients with sporadic or familial diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), juvenile-onset, type I diabetes mellitus (JDM), and Duchenne type muscular dystrophy (DMD), as well as from normal human fibroblasts (WT). As an example to modeling disease using disease-specific iPSCs, we also discuss the previously established childhood cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy (CCALD)- and adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN)-iPSCs by our group. Through DNA fingerprinting analysis, the origins of generated disease-specific iPSC lines were identified. Each iPSC line exhibited an intense alkaline phosphatase activity, expression of pluripotent markers, and the potential to differentiate into all three embryonic germ layers: the ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm. Expression of endogenous pluripotent markers and downregulation of retrovirus-delivered transgenes [OCT4 (POU5F1), SOX2, KLF4, and c-MYC] were observed in the generated iPSCs. Collectively, our results demonstrated that disease-specific iPSC lines characteristically resembled hESC lines. Furthermore, we were able to differentiate PD-iPSCs, one of the disease-specific-iPSC lines we generated, into dopaminergic (DA) neurons, the cell type mostly affected by PD. These PD-specific DA neurons along with other examples of cell models derived from disease-specific iPSCs would provide a powerful platform for examining the pathophysiology of relevant diseases at the cellular and molecular levels and for developing new drugs and therapeutic regimens.ope
Need to Sanction Marital Infidelity after Breakdown of Spousal Relationship?: A Comparative Law Perspective
μ΄ κΈμ 2013. 5. 13. λλ²μμμ μ΄λ¦° μ 91ν λΉκ΅λ²μ€λ¬΄μ°κ΅¬νμμ λ°νν κ²μ ν λ‘ λ±μ λ°μνμ¬ μμ ν κ²μ΄λ€.According to the Korean Supreme Court, a mere de-facto breakdown of spousal relationship, even if irretrievable, does not discharge the married couple of duty of
fidelity, so that one who did an act of infidelity after breakdown of his or her spousal relationship should be legally sanctioned (i.e., he or she cannot file for divorce, should pay damages to the other party, and, sometimes, should be under criminal punishment). Undoubtedly, such a legal regime does not fully harmonize with our contemporary understanding of marriage. Thus, some legal scholars propose that just a de-facto breakdown of spousal relationship, as a de-facto divorce, can discharge most spousal duties including duty of fidelity as much as a divorce in strict meaning can do (de-facto divorce theory). However, they do not present whether and how this theory can be justified.
In this article, three related questions β 1. whether the duty of spousal fidelity remains untouched despite of de-facto breakdown, 2. if it remains, whether the breach of the duty after de-facto breakdown should be legally sanctioned, and 3. if it should not be sanctioned, by what legal construction such a result can be supported β are examined, from three points of view: 1. a comparative law perspective which covers Germany, Austria, France, Switzerland and Japan, 2. a legal methodology perspective, and 3. a possible doctrinal construction.μ΄ κΈμ λΉκ΅λ²μ μΈ κ΄μ μμ λΆλΆκ΄κ³κ° μ¬μ€μ ννλμμΌλ λ²λ₯ μ μ΄νΌνμ§λ μλν μνμμ λΆλΆ μΌλ°©μ΄ ν λΆμ νμ(δΈθ²θ‘η²)μ λνμ¬ μ΄λ ν μ±
μμ μ ΈμΌ νλκ°λ₯Ό λ€λ£¬λ€. κΈ°λ³Έμ μΈ μ¬μμ νμ λΆλΆκ° μ΄νΌμ ν©μνμμΌλ μ΄νΌμ μ°¨λ₯Ό λ§μΉμ§ μλν κ²½μ°μ μ΄νΌν©μ μμ΄ μ¬μ€μ ννμνμ μ΄λ₯Έ κ²½μ°μ λ κ°μ§μ΄λ€. νλ‘λ μ μλ λ³λ‘ , νμλ μ΄μ¨λ λ²λ₯ νΌμ μ‘΄μνλ―λ‘ λΆμ νμμ λνμ¬λ μ΄νΌ, μμλ£ μ²κ΅¬ λ° νμ¬μ²λ²(κ°ν΅) λ±μ λ²μ μ μ¬κ° κ°λ₯νλ€λ μ
μ₯μ΄λ€. νμ€μ μ μμ λνμ¬λ λμ²΄λ‘ μ°¬μ±νλ, μ΄λ₯Ό μ¬μ€μ μ΄νΌμ λ¬Έμ λ‘ λ€λ£¨κ³ μκ³ , νμμ λνμ¬λ λ³ λ
Όμκ° μμΌλ, λλ¬Όκ² λ
Όνλ 견ν΄λ μ΄ κ²½μ° μμ μ¬μ€μ μ΄νΌμ ν΄λΉνλ€κ³ νλ€. λΉκ΅λ²μ μΌλ‘λ λ€μν νλκ° κ΄μ°°λλ€. λ
μΌκ³Ό μ€μ€νΈλ¦¬μλ λμ²΄λ‘ λΆλΆκ° μ±μ μΆ©μ€μ무 μλ°μ λνμ¬ λ²μ μ μ¬, νΉν μν΄λ°°μμ±
μμ μ§μ°λλ° λ§€μ° μκ·Ήμ μ΄λ€. κ·Έλ¬λ κ°μ μ λ
μΌλ―Όλ²μ νΌμΈκ³΅λ체μ ν΄μ κ·μ μ΄λ μ€μ€νΈλ¦¬μ νλ‘μ μ μ±
μ΄νΌμ¬μ μ ν΄μκ³Ό λ°©ν΄λ°°μ μ²κ΅¬κΆμ νκ³μ κ΄ν λ
Όμλ₯Ό μ΄ν΄λ³΄λ©΄ λΆλΆκ΄κ³κ° μ¬μ€μ ννλλλΌλ λΆλΆκ° μ±μ μΆ©μ€μ무 μ체λ μ‘΄μνλ κ·Έ νμ λΆμ νμμ λνμ¬λ λ²μ μ μ¬λ₯Ό κ°νμ§ μλνκ³ μμμ μ μ μλ€. λ°λ©΄ νλμ€λ λΆλΆκ° μ±μ μΆ©μ€μ무 μλ°μ λνμ¬ μν΄λ°°μ λ± λ²μ μ μ¬λ₯Ό μ κ·Ήμ μΌλ‘ κ°νκ³ μκ³ , νΌμΈ κ΄κ³κ° μ¬μ€μ ννλ λ€μ λΆμ νμμ λνμ¬λ λ²μ μ μ¬κ° κ°λ₯νλ€. κ·Έλ¬λ νκΈμ¬ μ¬νλ‘μμλ κ°μ νλμ€ λ―Όλ²μ λμ
λ μ¬λ¬ μΌλ°μ‘°νμ μ΄μ©νμ¬ λ²μ μ μ¬λ₯Ό νΌν μλ 보μΈλ€. μ€μμ€μ μΌλ³Έλ λΆλΆκ° μ±μ μΆ©μ€μ무 μλ°μ λνμ¬ λ²μ μ μ¬λ₯Ό κ°νκ³ μμΌλ μ΄λ€μ λΆλΆκ΄κ³κ° μ¬μ€μ ννμ μ΄λ₯Έ λ€μ λΆμ νμμ λνμ¬λ μ¬νμ μ΄νΌμ¬μ μ λΉμ¬μ°μ μν΄λ°°μμ μ건μΌλ‘μ μν΄ κ°λ
μ ν΄μμ ν΅νμ¬ λ²μ μ μ¬λ₯Ό νΌνλ€. λΉκ΅λ²μ μΌλ‘λ μ¬μ€μ νΌμΈκ΄κ³κ° ννμ μ΄λ₯Έ λ€μλ μ±μ μΆ©μ€μ무λ μ‘΄μνλ κ·Έ λ€μ λΆμ νμμ λνμ¬λ λ²μ μ μ¬λ₯Ό κ°νλ κ²μ μμ νλ κ²½ν₯μ΄ κ°νλ€κ³ ν μ μλ€. μ΄λ¬ν κ²½ν₯μ μ°λ¦¬ λ²μ ν΄μβ€μ΄μ©μλ νμ©λ μ μλ€. μμ§ λ²λ₯ μ μ΄νΌνμ§ μλν μ΄μ μ¬μ€μ ννλ§μΌλ‘ μ±μ μΆ©μ€μλ¬΄κ° μλ©Ένλ€κ³ 보λ κ²μ λ²ν΄μμ νκ³λ₯Ό λ²μ΄λλ€. κ·Έλ¬λ κ·Έ λ€μ λΆμ νμμ λνμ¬ λ²μ μ μ¬λ₯Ό κ°νλ κ²μ λ³ μλ―Έ μκ±°λ λ¨μ©μ μΈ λ²μ κ°μ
μ΄ λ μ μλ€. κ·Έλ¬λ―λ‘ νΌμΈμ무μ μ‘΄μμκ±΄μ΄ μλ ꡬμ μλ¨ νΉμ μ μ건 ν΄μμ ν΅νμ¬ μ΄λ¬ν λ²μ μ μ¬λ₯Ό μ νν νμκ° μλ€
Study of Time Management Tool with Spatial Information
νμλ
Όλ¬Έ (μμ¬)-- μμΈλνκ΅ μ΅ν©κ³ΌνκΈ°μ λνμ : μ΅ν©κ³ΌνλΆ λμ§νΈμ 보μ΅ν©μ 곡, 2013. 8. μ΄μ€μ.μ€λ§νΈν°μ μ΄μ©ν μΌμ κ΄λ¦¬κ° μΌμμΈ μλκ° λμλ€. μ΄μ λ³Έ λ
Όλ¬Έμμλ κ°μΈμ μΌμ κ΄λ¦¬ λꡬ μ€ νλμΈ λͺ¨λ°μΌ μΊλ¦°λμ μΌμ μ κ³΅κ° μ 보λ₯Ό λΆκ°νμ¬ μΌμ κ΄λ¦¬μ ν¨μ¨μ λμ΄κ³ μ νμλ€. κ·Έλ₯Ό μν΄ κ°μΈμ μΌμμ μκ³΅κ° κ²½λ‘λ₯Ό ν΅ν κΆ€μ μΌλ‘ μ€λͺ
νλ μκ°μ§λ¦¬νμ μκ³΅κ° κ·Έλνλ₯Ό λͺ¨λ°μΌ μΊλ¦°λμ λμ
, μΌμ μ μκ°κ³Ό 곡κ°, ν΅νμ μκ°ννμλ€. λ±λ‘λλ μΌμ μ μ νν μμΉλ₯Ό μμμΌ ν΅ν μ 보λ₯Ό κ³μ°ν΄ λΌ μ μκΈ° λλ¬Έμ λͺ¨λ°μΌ μΊλ¦°λμ μΌμ λ±λ‘κ³Όμ μμ ꡬκΈμ μ§μμ 보 μλμμ± APIλ₯Ό μ΄μ©ν΄ μ₯μμ μ νν μλμ κ²½λλ₯Ό μ
λ ₯λ°μκ³ , μ
λ ₯ νμ€ν 리μ λ°λ³΅ μΌμ λ±λ‘ κΈ°λ₯ λ±μ ν΅ν΄ μ¬μ© νΈμμ±μ λλͺ¨νμλ€.
μΌμ κ΄λ¦¬ λꡬλ‘μμ μΊλ¦°λμ κ΄λ ¨ν λ¬Έν μ‘°μ¬μ μλ‘μ΄ μΈν°νμ΄μ€ μ€κ³λ₯Ό μν μλΉ μ‘°μ¬λ₯Ό κ±°μ³μ κ°λ°λ μλλ‘μ΄λμ© λͺ¨λ°μΌ μΊλ¦°λλ₯Ό μΌμ£ΌμΌ κ° 10λͺ
μ μ‘°μ¬ μ°Έμ¬μμκ² μ¬μ©νλλ‘ ν λ€, μλ²μ μμΈ μ°Έμ¬μ μΌμ λ°μ΄ν°μ μ ν μΈν°λ·°λ₯Ό ν΅ν΄μ λͺ¨λ°μΌ μΊλ¦°λμ κ³΅κ° μ 보λ₯Ό λΆκ°νκΈ° μν΄μ μ΄λ€ μμλ₯Ό κ³ λ €ν΄μΌ νλμ§, κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ κ³΅κ° μ λ³΄κ° λΆκ°λ μΊλ¦°λκ° μ΄λ€ μ¬μ©μμκ² μ΄λ€ μΈ‘λ©΄μμ μλ―Έμλμ§λ₯Ό κ²μ¦νκ³ νκ°νμλ€.
λͺ¨λ°μΌ μΊλ¦°λλ κ°μΈμ μΌμμ λν κΈ°μ΅μ 보쑰νλ λꡬλ‘μ μ¬μ©λλλ°, μμΌλ‘μ μΌμ μ κ³ννκ³ κ΄λ¦¬νλ κ²μ λ―Έλκ³νκΈ°μ΅, μ§λκ° μΌμ μ 보κ΄νλ κ²μ κ³Όκ±°κ²½νκΈ°μ΅μ 보쑰μλ¨μΌλ‘ μΊλ¦°λκ° κΈ°λ₯νλ€κ³ ν μ μλ€. μκ³΅κ° κ·Έλνλ₯Ό ν΅ν΄ μΌμ μ 곡κ°κ³Ό ν΅ν μ λ³΄κ° λΆκ°λ λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬μ λͺ¨λ°μΌ μΊλ¦°λλ μΌμκΈ°μ΅μ μΈμ¬μ 보쑰λꡬλ‘μ μΌμ μ μ곡κ°κ²½λ‘λ₯Ό μκ°νν¨μΌλ‘μ¨ κΈ°μ‘΄ μΊλ¦°λμ λΉν΄ λ―Έλκ³νκΈ°μ΅μ λλ 보쑰λκ΅¬λ‘ λ λμ μ 보λ₯Ό μ€λ€λ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μ»μλ€. λν κ³Όκ±°κ²½νμ λν λΌμ΄νλ‘κΉ
μ₯μΉμ μν λν ν μ μμμ μμ§λ λ°μ΄ν°λ₯Ό ν΅ν΄ μμ¬νμλ€.
μκ³΅κ° κ·Έλνλ₯Ό μ 곡νλ λͺ¨λ°μΌ μΊλ¦°λμ μΈν°νμ΄μ€μμλ μΌμ μ μ₯μλ₯Ό μ
λ ₯νκΈ° μν λ°©μμΌλ‘ ν
μ€νΈ μ
λ ₯μ ν΅ν μ₯μμ μλμμ± κΈ°λ₯μ΄ μ λ°μ μΌλ‘ μ’μ νκ°λ₯Ό λ°μλ€. νμ§λ§ μ¬μ©μκ° λ±λ‘μ μνλ μ₯μκ° κ΅¬κΈμ΄ μ 곡νλ POI λ°μ΄ν° μ€μ μλ€κ±°λ, μ¬μ©μκ° μ₯μλ₯Ό μ ννκ² λͺ¨λ₯΄λ κ²½μ° κ·Όμ² λ€λ₯Έ μ₯μλ₯Ό μ
λ ₯νκ±°λ ν΄λΉ μ₯μκ° ν¬ν¨λμ΄ μλ μ§μμ μ
λ ₯νλ λ±μ μ°ν μ λ΅μ ν΅ν μ₯μ μ
λ ₯μ΄ λΆνΈμ μ£ΌκΈ°λ νλ€. μ΄μ μ μ
λ ₯λμλ μ₯μλ₯Ό νμ€ν λ¦¬λ‘ λ³΄μ¬μ£Όλ κ²μ μ₯μ μ
λ ₯κ³Όμ μ λ¨μΆμν΄μΌλ‘μ¨ μ’μ λ°μμ μ»μλ€.
μΌμ μ μκ³΅κ° κ²½λ‘λ₯Ό 보μ¬μ£ΌκΈ° μν μΈν°νμ΄μ€ μΈ‘λ©΄μμ μκ³΅κ° κ·Έλνλ₯Ό ν΅ν΄ μΌμ μ μ₯μμ ν΅ν μ 보λ₯Ό 보μ¬μ£Όλ κ²μ μΌμ μ λν μ‘°λ§μ±μ λμΈλ€λ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μ»μμΌλ μ₯μλ₯Ό 보μ¬μ£Όλ λ°©μκ³Ό κΈ°ν μκ°ν μΈ‘λ©΄μμ λ§μ λΆλΆ κ°μ μ λν νΌλλ°±μ λ€μλ€. μκ³΅κ° κ·Έλνμ ν¨κΌ 보μ¬μ€ μ 보μ μ νκ³Ό κ·Έλνλ₯Ό 보μ¬μ£Όλ λ°©μμ λν΄μ ν₯ν κ°μ μ νμκ° μλ€.
κ³΅κ° μ λ³΄κ° λΆκ°λ μΊλ¦°λμ μ¬μ©μ μ€ μΌμ μ΄ λ±λ‘λ μ₯μκ° λ€μνκ±°λ μν λ°κ²½μ΄ λμΌλ©° λ―μ κ³³μμμ μΌμ μ΄ λ§μ μ¬μ©μμκ² μκ³΅κ° κ·Έλνκ° μ’μ λ°μμ μ»μλ€. κ³ μ λ μν ν¨ν΄μ κ°μ§λ μ¬μ©μμκ²λ μΌμ μ κ³ν μΈ‘λ©΄μμλ ν° λμμ΄ λμ§ μλλ€λ μΈν°λ·° λ΅λ³μ΄ λ§μλλ°, ν΅ν μ λ³΄κ° λμμ΄ λμ§ μλλ€λ μ¬μ©μ μ€μμλ 곡κ°μ΄ μκ°νλμ΄ λ³΄μ¬μ§μΌλ‘μ¨ μ 체 μΌμ μ μ‘°λ§ν μ μλ€λ μ μ κΈμ μ μΈ νκ°λ₯Ό λ°μλ€.
λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬λ μλ‘μ΄ λͺ¨λ°μΌ μΊλ¦°λλ‘μ HCI λΆμΌμ μΈν°νμ΄μ€ λ° μ 보μκ°ν μ°κ΅¬λ‘μ μμλ₯Ό κ°μ§κ³ , μΌμ κ΄λ¦¬λꡬμ μΈμ§μ μΈ‘λ©΄μμμ μν κ³Ό κ°μ μ λν μ°κ΅¬λ‘μ μμλ₯Ό κ°μ§λ€. κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ κ°μΈμ μΌμ κ΄λ¦¬μ μκ°μ§λ¦¬νμ κ°λ
μ λμ
νμ¬ κ³΅κ°κ³Ό ν΅ν μ 보λ₯Ό λΆκ°ν μ΅μ΄μ μ°κ΅¬λ‘μ μμκ° μλ€.Use of smartphones for personal scheduling is a common scene in these days. The purpose of this study is to increase usability of mobile calendar through providing the spatial information of schedules. For this, space-time graph that describes the path of personal activity is introduced to mobile calendar visualizing time, location, and travel of schedules.
After the literature reviews and preliminary studies for designing the new mobile calendar, it was developed as an Android calendar application. For its evaluation, a semistructured interview was conducted with 10 participants after using the mobile calendar. Through the server data and user interview, the calendar was evaluated its usability.
Mobile calendars are used as external memory aid tools that help everyday remembering. The result on this paper shows that the mobile calendar with spce-time graph is more efficient to increase usability of mobile calendar as an external prospective memory tool, and it may also work as lifelogging tool for retrospective memories.
To enter the correct location latitude and longitude coordinate on schedules, Google Maps API was used on the input interface. The user history that indicates past locations was provided for better input availability. Space-time graph was good for increasing browsability of daily personal schedules, but it needs some improvement on the visualization methods for easier understanding.
The majority of past studies have tended to view calendars only in the time-dimension, but this study extends the notion of mobile calendars that introduce concept of the time geography. It has implications to provide personal schedules with its travel times on mobile calendar for the first time.μ 1μ₯ μ°κ΅¬μ λ°°κ²½ λ° λͺ©μ
μ 2μ₯ μ΄λ‘ μ λ°°κ²½
μ 1μ μΌμ κ΄λ¦¬μ λͺ¨λ°μΌ μΊλ¦°λ
μ 2μ μκ°μ§λ¦¬νκ³Ό κ°μΈμ μΌμ νλ
μ 3μ μΌμ μ 곡κ°κ³Ό ν΅ν μ 보
μ 3μ₯ μ°κ΅¬ λ¬Έμ
μ 4μ₯ μ°κ΅¬ λ°©λ²
μ 1μ μ°κ΅¬ λͺ¨λΈ
μ 2μ μλΉμ‘°μ¬
μ 5μ₯ μμ€ν
μ€κ³ λ° κ΅¬ν
μ 1μ μμ€ν
μ€κ³
1. μΌμ λ±λ‘κ³Ό POI μ
λ ₯
2. μΌμ μ λ°λ₯Έ μκ³΅κ° κ·Έλν
μ 2μ μμ€ν
ꡬν
μ 6μ₯ λ°μ΄ν° μμ§
μ 7μ₯ μ°κ΅¬ κ²°κ³Ό
μ 1μ μ¬μ©μ λΆμ
μ 2μ λͺ¨λ°μΌ μΊλ¦°λ μ¬μ©μ± νκ°
μ 3μ μΌμ κ΄λ¦¬λꡬλ‘μμ νκ°
μ 8μ₯ κ²°λ‘ λ° μ°κ΅¬μ μμ
μ 1μ μμ½ λ° λμμΈ μ μΈ
μ 2μ μ°κ΅¬μ μμ¬μ
μ 3μ μ°κ΅¬μ νκ³ λ° μ μΈ
μ°Έκ³ λ¬Έν
AbstractMaste
νΌμ± λͺ¨λ ICμμμ κΈ°ν μ‘μ λͺ¨λΈλ§
νμλ
Όλ¬Έ(μμ¬)--μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ :μ 기곡νλΆ,2000.Maste
Ordre public und der Schutz Vertragspartei
νμλ
Όλ¬Έ (λ°μ¬)-- μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ : λ²νκ³Ό, 2011.2. μ€μ§μ.Docto
The Statutory Damages for Personal Data Breach: Article 32-2 of the (Korean) Act on Promotion of Information and Communications Network Utilization and Information Protection, Etc. revised in 2014
μ΄ κΈμ 2014. 10. 24. μΈμ’
λ¬Έννκ΄μμ μ΄λ¦° κ³ λ €λνκ΅ ICRμΌν° κ°μΈμ λ³΄λ² μΈλ―Έλ λ°νλ¬Έμ μμ β
보μν κ²μ΄λ€.2014. 5. 28. κ°μ μ 보ν΅μ λ§ μ΄μ©μ΄μ§ λ° μ λ³΄λ³΄νΈ λ±μ κ΄ν λ²λ₯ (μ΄ν μ 보ν΅μ λ§λ²μ΄λΌ νλ€)μ μ 32μ‘°μ2λ‘ κ°μΈμ 보 λμΆμ κ΄νμ¬ μ΄λ₯Έλ° λ²μ μν΄λ°°μ(statutory damages)μ΄λΌλ μλ‘μ΄ μ±
μνμμ λμ
νμλ€. μ΄λ 2011λ
κ°μ μ μκΆλ²β
μνλ²μ μ΄μ΄ μ°λ¦¬ λ²μ λ²μ μν΄λ°°μμ΄ λ€μ΄μ¨ μΈ λ²μ§Έ μμ΄μ νλ―Έ FTAλΌλ μΈλΆμ μν₯κ³Ό 무κ΄νκ² μ°λ¦¬κ° μλ°μ μΌλ‘, νΉν μ§μ μ¬μ°κΆλ² λ°μμ λ²μ μν΄λ°°μμ λμ
ν 첫 λ²μ§Έ μμ΄κΈ°λ νλ€. μ΄ κΈμμλ μ΄λ₯Ό κ³κΈ°λ‘ λ²μ μν΄λ°°μμ΄λΌλ λ―Έκ΅λ² νΉμ μ λ―Όμ¬μ±
μνμμ΄ μ°λ¦¬ λ―Όμ¬μ±
μλ²κ³Ό μ‘°νλ μ μλμ§, κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ μ΄λ¬ν μ΄μ§μ μΈ μ λλ₯Ό λμ
ν λμ μλ, μ¦ κ°μΈμ 보 λμΆ μ¬κ³ λ‘ μΈν νΌν΄κ΅¬μ μ μΌλ§λ λμμ΄ λ μ§λ₯Ό ꡬ체μ ν΄μλ‘ μ κΈ°μ΄νμ¬ κ²ν νμλ€. κ²ν κ²°κ³Όλ λ€μκ³Ό κ°μ΄ μμ½λλ€. κ°μ μ 보ν΅μ λ§λ² μ 32μ‘°μ2μ λ²μ μν΄λ°°μμ μ¦κ±°λ²μ μΌλ‘λ μν΄μ μν΄μ‘μ κ΄ν μ¦λͺ
λλ₯Ό κ²½κ°μμΌμ£Όλ μ λμ΄μ§λ§, μ€μ²΄λ²μ μΌλ‘λ μ€μν΄ μ 보λ₯Ό λμ΄ λ
μμ μΌλ‘ μ μ¬ λͺ©μ λ΄μ§ κΈ°λ₯μ κ°κ³ μμ§λ μλνκ³ , κ·Έμ κ°μ΄ ν΄μνλ ν μ°λ¦¬ λ―Όμ¬μ±
μλ²μ λ³ λ¬Έμ μμ΄ μμ©λ μ μλ€. λ€λ§, λ
μμ μΈ νμ¬κΈ°κ°, μ¦ μν¨κΈ°κ°μ κ·μ ν μ΄μ κ·Έ ν¨κ³Όλ‘ μ€μ²΄λ²μ λ³λμ μν΄λ°°μμ²κ΅¬κΆμ μ±λ¦½μν€λ νΉμν λΆλ²νμ κ·μ μ΄λΌκ³ 보μμΌ νλ€. κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ κ·Έλ κ² λ³΄λ ν μμ‘λ²μ λ³λμ μμ‘λ¬Όλ‘ μ·¨κΈν μλ°μ μλ€. μ΄ μ λλ ν¬κ² ν΄κ° μλ κ²μ μλμ§λ λͺ°λΌλ, κ°μΈμ 보 λμΆλ‘ μΈν νΌν΄κ΅¬μ λ₯Ό ν¬κ² κ°μ ν κ²μΌλ‘ 보μ΄μ§λ μλνλ€. 무μ보λ€λ μ¦λͺ
νκΈ° μ΄λ ΅μ§ μλν μν΄μ μν΄μ‘μ κ΄νμ¬λ μ¦λͺ
λλ₯Ό κ²½κ°μμΌμ£Όλ©΄μ μ¦λͺ
νκΈ° λ§€μ° μ΄λ €μ΄, κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ κ°ν΄μ, μ¦ μ 보ν΅μ λ§μλΉμ€ μ 곡μμκ² μ¦λͺ
νκ² ν λ§ν μ΄λ‘ μ β
μ€μ μ κ·Όκ±°λ μλ κ³ μβ
κ³Όμ€μ νΌν΄μμκ² μ¦λͺ
νλλ‘ νκ³ μκΈ° λλ¬Έμ΄λ€. λ
μμ νμ¬κΈ°κ°μ μ ν κ²λ μ¬λ¬ λ©΄μμ μ μ νμ§ μλνλ€. μ΄λοΌμ 보ν΅μ λ§λ² μ 32μ‘°μ2μ μλΉν κ±°μΉ μ‘°λ¬Έ ꡬ쑰μ ν¨κ»οΌμ΄ μ λκ° μ λ§ νμν κ³³μμ μ μ€ν μ¬μ¬ λμ λμ
λ κ²μΈμ§λ₯Ό μμ¬νκ² νλ μ¬μ μ΄λ€. μ΄λ»λ μ
λ²μ κ°μ μ΄ νμνλ€.On May 28, 2014, the Korean legislator amended the (Korean) Act on Promotion of Information and Communications Network Utilization and Information Protection, Etc. By this revision, a new remedy of statutory damages for personal data breach has been introduced into the Korean law (the newly added article 32-2). Statutory damages are a specific form of liability originated in the American law. Though the Korean law has already implemented statutory damages for two incidents οΌ copyright infringement and trademark forfeiture, both of which were required by the Free Trade Agreement between Korea and USA, it still remains unclear whether this institution can be harmonized with the liability concept and system of civil law, where Korean law also belongs, and how it should be interpreted in tort law as well as civil procedure law of Korea. In this article, it shall be explored whether this institution can be harmonized with the Korean legal system, after a thorough interpretation of it, based on the Korean legal system, is provided. Besides, statutory damages for personal data breach has been voluntarily introduced by the Korean legislator itself, contrary to those for copyright infringement and trademark forfeiture. The motivation is, of course, to improve the protection of the victims of personal data breach. In this article, it shall be also examined whether this new institution would achieve this legislative goal and, if not, what measure should be taken to achieve this goal
- β¦