9 research outputs found

    A Phonological Study on Hamgyeong-namdo Samsoo Dialect

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ) --์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๊ตญ์–ด๊ตญ๋ฌธํ•™๊ณผ,2007.Docto

    Development and effects of exercise intervention program based on a stage of exercise using Transtheoretical model : in patients with type 2 dia

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    ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•™๊ณผ/๋ฐ•์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ‰์ƒ ์ž๊ฐ€๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์—ญ๋™์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ˆœํ™˜์ ์ธ ์šด๋™ํ–‰์œ„๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๋Š” Transtheoretical Model (TTM) ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ณ , TTM ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์šด๋™ํ–‰์œ„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ณ„ ์ค‘์žฌํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๋ชฉ์ ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, TTM์ด ์ œ 2 ํ˜• ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์—ญ๋™์ ์ธ ์šด๋™ํ–‰์œ„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ณผ์ •์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ 2000๋…„ 4์›” 10์ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋™๋…„ 10์›” 30์ผ๊นŒ์ง€ Y๋Œ€ ๋ถ€์†๋ณ‘์› ์™ธ๋ž˜ ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘ ์„ผํ„ฐ์—์„œ ํ†ต์›์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋Š” 100๋ช…์—๊ฒŒ ์„œ์ˆ ์  ์กฐ์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋ธ๊ฒ€์ฆ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์šด๋™ํ–‰์œ„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š” Reed(1994)์˜ ๋„๊ตฌ, ์šด๋™ํ–‰์œ„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ณผ์ •์€ Nigg ๋“ฑ(1999)์˜ ๋„๊ตฌ, ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ท ํ˜•๊ณผ ์ž๊ธฐ ํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์€ Marcus ๋“ฑ(1992a, 1992b)์˜ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” SPSS/WIN 10.0์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ํ†ต๊ณ„, ๋ถ„์‚ฐ๋ถ„์„, Scheffe test, logistic regression ๋ฐ Cronbach''s alpha๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์ œ 2ํ˜• ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์šด๋™ํ–‰์œ„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ณ„ ์ค‘์žฌํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ชจ๋ธ, ๋ฌธํ—Œ๊ณ ์ฐฐ ๋ฐ TTM ๊ฒ€์ฆ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋…์  ์ค€๊ฑฐ ํ‹€์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๊ฐœ๋…์  ์ค€๊ฑฐ ํ‹€๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ์ฃผ๊ด€์ ์ธ ์š”๊ตฌ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 29๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์šด๋™๊ฒฝํ—˜ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ์˜ˆ๋น„ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž‘์„ฑ๋œ ์˜ˆ๋น„ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ ํƒ€๋‹น๋„๋ฅผ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ์ง‘๋‹จ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์—ฌ ์ตœ์ข… ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ์ค‘์žฌ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ 2000๋…„ 11์›” 1์ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2001๋…„ 6์›” 13์ผ ๊นŒ์ง€ Y๋Œ€ ๋ถ€์†๋ณ‘์› ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘ ์„ผํ„ฐ์— ํ†ต์›์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์ œ 2 ํ˜• ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž ์ค‘ 45๋ช…์„ ์ž„์˜ ํ‘œ์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ 22๋ช…, ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ 23๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„ ๋™๋“ฑ์„ฑ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ ์‚ฌ์ „-์‚ฌํ›„ ์‹œ ์ฐจ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์œ ์‚ฌ์‹คํ—˜์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ์šด๋™ํ–‰์œ„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋‹จ๊ณ„, ์‹ ์ฒด ํ™œ๋™๋Ÿ‰, ๋Œ€์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ์šด๋™๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ TTM ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์šด๋™ํ–‰์œ„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ณ„ ์ค‘์žฌ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์€ ์ผ์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ๊ณต๋˜๋Š” ํ†ต์›์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ํ‰์ƒ์‹œ ์ƒํ™œ์„ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์‚ฌํ›„ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋Š” ์šด๋™์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์šด๋™ํ–‰์œ„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š” Houde์™€ Melillo(2000)์˜ ๋„๊ตฌ, ์‹ ์ฒด ํ™œ๋™๋Ÿ‰์€ Burns(1996)์˜ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์—์„œ ํ˜ˆ์ค‘ ๊ณต๋ณต ์‹œ ํ˜ˆ๋‹น, ์‹ํ›„ 2์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ˜ˆ๋‹น, ๋‹นํ™” ํ˜ˆ์ƒ‰์†Œ, ๊ณต๋ณต์‹œ ์ค‘์„ฑ์ง€๋ฐฉ, ์ด ์ฝœ๋ ˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋กค, ๊ณ ๋น„์ค‘ ์ง€๋‹จ๋ฐฑ ์ฝœ๋ ˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋กค์€ ์™ธ๋ž˜ ์ž„์ƒ๋ณ‘๋ฆฌ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์‹ค์—์„œ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฒด์ง€๋ฐฉ์œจ๊ณผ ์š”์œ„/๋‘”์œ„ ๋น„์œจ์€ ์ง์ ‘ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์šด๋™๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€ ์ง์ ‘ ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ถ„์„๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์‚ฐ์†Œ์„ญ์ทจ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ๋ฌด์‚ฐ์†Œ ์—ญ์น˜๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” SPSS/WIN 10.0 ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ†ต๊ณ„, ฯ‡2 test, t-test, paired t-test, Wilcoxon signed ranks test ๋ฐ Cronbach''s alpha๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, TTM ๊ฒ€์ฆ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์šด๋™ํ–‰์œ„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š” ๊ณ„ํš ์ „ ๋‹จ๊ณ„ 15๋ช…(15.0%), ๊ณ„ํš ๋‹จ๊ณ„ 33๋ช…(33.0%), ์ค€๋น„ ๋‹จ๊ณ„ 17๋ช…(17.0%), ํ–‰๋™ ๋‹จ๊ณ„ 16๋ช…(16.0%), ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์œ ์ง€ ๋‹จ๊ณ„ 19๋ช…(19.0%)์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์šด๋™ํ–‰์œ„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ณ„๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ณผ์ •์€ ๊ณ„ํš ์ „ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ธฐ์ „์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ๊ณ„ํš ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทน์  ํ•ด์†Œ, ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์žฌํ‰๊ฐ€, ์ž๊ธฐ์žฌํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฐ€, ์ค€๋น„๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์˜์‹๊ฐ์„ฑ, ๊ทน์  ํ•ด์†Œ๊ฐ€, ํ–‰๋™๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ๋•๋Š” ๊ด€๊ณ„, ์˜์‹๊ฐ์„ฑ, ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์žฌํ‰๊ฐ€, ์ž๊ธฐ์žฌํ‰๊ฐ€, ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ•ด๋ฐฉ, ์—ญ ์กฐ๊ฑด ํ˜•์„ฑ, ๊ฐ•ํ™”๊ด€๋ฆฌ, ์ž๊ธฐํ•ด๋ฐฉ, ์ž๊ทน์กฐ์ ˆ์ด ํ‰๊ท ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์œ ์ง€๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทน์  ํ•ด์†Œ, ๋•๋Š” ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ณผ์ •์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ท ํ˜•์—์„œ๋Š” ์žฅ์  ์ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ํ–‰๋™๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ, ๋‹จ์  ์ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ๊ณ„ํš ์ „ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ž๊ธฐ ํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์€ ์œ ์ง€๋‹จ๊ณ„์™€ ํ–‰๋™๋‹จ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, TTM ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์šด๋™ํ–‰์œ„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ณ„ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ, ์˜์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๋‹น๋‡จ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์šด๋™์ƒ๋‹ด๊ณผ ๊ต์œก์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ฐจ ์ œ๊ณต์ž๊ฐ€ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ ํ˜•์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒ‰ ํ‘œ์ง€๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด A4 14์žฅ ๋ถ„๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์ , ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋‚ด์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์š”, ํ˜„์žฌ ์šด๋™๋‹จ๊ณ„ ํ‰๊ฐ€, ์šด๋™ ์ ํ•ฉ๋„ ํ‰๊ฐ€, ์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ณ„ ์ค‘์žฌ๋ชฉํ‘œ, ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„, ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ํ‰๊ฐ€์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ณ„ ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ์€ ์ฃผ์ œ, ๋ชฉํ‘œ, ์ฃผ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ณผ์ • ๋ฐ ์ค‘์žฌ๋‚ด์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์šฉ์–ด์™€ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์˜ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ก์œผ๋กœ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฒ€์ฆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. 1. ์ œ 1 ๊ฐ€์„ค. " TTM ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์šด๋™ํ–‰์œ„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ณ„ ์ค‘์žฌํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•œ ๊ตฐ์€ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ตฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์šด๋™ํ–‰์œ„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋‹จ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๊ธ์ •์  ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋” ์ด๋™ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. " ๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ๊ฐ„์˜ ์šด๋™ํ–‰์œ„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋‹จ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์–ด ์ง€์ง€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค (t=-3.53, p=.00). 2. ์ œ 2 ๊ฐ€์„ค. " TTM ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์šด๋™ํ–‰์œ„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ณ„ ์ค‘์žฌํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•œ ๊ตฐ์€ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ตฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์‹ ์ฒด ํ™œ๋™๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋” ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. " ๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‹ ์ฒด ํ™œ๋™๋Ÿ‰์ด ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์–ด ์ง€์ง€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค(t=-5.38, p=.00). 3. ์ œ 3 ๊ฐ€์„ค. " TTM ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์šด๋™ํ–‰์œ„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ณ„ ์ค‘์žฌํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•œ ๊ตฐ์€ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ตฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋Œ€์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋” ๊ฐœ์„ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. " ์—์„œ,๋ถ€๊ฐ€์„ค 1. " TTM ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์šด๋™ํ–‰์œ„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ณ„ ์ค‘์žฌํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•œ ๊ตฐ์€ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ตฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‹น๋Œ€์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋” ๊ฐœ์„ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. "๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ ๊ฐ„ ๊ณต๋ณต์‹œ ํ˜ˆ๋‹น(t=2.26, p =.03), ์‹ํ›„ 2์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ˜ˆ๋‹น(t=2.60, p=.01) ๋ฐ ๋‹นํ™” ํ˜ˆ์ƒ‰์†Œ(t=2.44, p=.02) ๋ชจ๋‘ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์–ด ์ง€์ง€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€๊ฐ€์„ค 2. " TTM ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์šด๋™ํ–‰์œ„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ณ„ ์ค‘์žฌํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•œ ๊ตฐ์€ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ตฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ง€์งˆ๋Œ€์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋” ๊ฐœ์„ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. " ๋Š” ์ด์ฝœ๋ ˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋กค(t=1.62, p=.11), ๊ณ ๋น„์ค‘ ์ฝœ๋ ˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋กค(-1.31, p=.20)์€ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ค‘์„ฑ์ง€๋ฐฉ(t=2.49, p=.02)์€ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์ง€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. 4. ์ œ 4 ๊ฐ€์„ค. " TTM ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์šด๋™ํ–‰์œ„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ณ„ ์ค‘์žฌํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์€ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ์ฐธ์—ฌ ์ „๋ณด๋‹ค ์ฐธ์—ฌ ํ›„์— ์šด๋™๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๋” ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. " ์—์„œ, ๋ถ€๊ฐ€์„ค 1. "TTM ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์šด๋™ํ–‰์œ„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ณ„ ์ค‘์žฌํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์€ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ์ฐธ์—ฌ ์ „๋ณด๋‹ค ์ฐธ์—ฌ ํ›„์— ์ตœ๋Œ€์‚ฐ์†Œ์„ญ์ทจ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋” ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค" ๋ถ€๊ฐ€์„ค 2. "TTM ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์šด๋™ํ–‰์œ„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ณ„ ์ค‘์žฌํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์€ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ์ฐธ์—ฌ ์ „๋ณด๋‹ค ์ฐธ์—ฌ ํ›„์— ๋ฌด์‚ฐ์†Œ ์—ญ์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. " ๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์—์„œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ์ œ๊ณต ์ „-ํ›„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์‚ฐ์†Œ ์„ญ์ทจ๋Ÿ‰(Z=-3.21, p=.00)๊ณผ ๋ฌด์‚ฐ์†Œ ์—ญ์น˜(Z=-3.52, p=.00)๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์–ด ์ง€์ง€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•ด ๋ณผ ๋•Œ TTM์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์šด๋™ํ–‰์œ„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ณ„ ์ค‘์žฌํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ œ๊ณต๋ฐ›์€ ๊ตฐ์—์„œ ์šด๋™ํ–‰์œ„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋‹จ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ด๋™๋˜๊ณ , ์‹ ์ฒด ํ™œ๋™๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋” ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‹น ๋Œ€์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ์ง€์งˆ๋Œ€์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์šด๋™๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ์ค‘์žฌํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€ ์ œ 2 ํ˜• ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์šด๋™์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์ค‘์žฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค๋ฌด์— ์ ์šฉ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ๋œ๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ] The purposes of this study were to validate Transtheoretical Model (TTM), develop and evaluate an exercise intervention program based on a stage of exercise using TTM in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. The study method depending on the purpose of study were as follows. The first was a survey for TTM validation in 100 type 2 DM patients at out-patients clinic of Y medical center from April 10, 2000 to October 30, 2000. The Instruments used in first purpose were stage of change scale developed by Reed(1994), process of change scale developed by Nigg et al.(1999), and decisional balance and self-efficacy scale developed by Marcus et al.(1992a, 1992b). The data were analyzed by SPSS/WIN 10.0 using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, scheffe test, logistic regression and Cronbach''s alpha. The second was the development of an exercise intervention program based on a stage of exercise using TTM through methodological research design. The third design was to investigate the effect of exercise intervention program in terms of enhancement in a stage of exercise, physical activities, metabolism and exercise capability using non-synchronized, non-equivalent pre-post design with a control group. Experimental group was 22 and control group was 23 based on Cohen''s method in 45 type 2 DM patients at out-patients clinic of Y medical center from November 1, 2000 to June 13, 2001. The Instruments used in third purpose were stage of change scale developed by Houde & Melillo(2000) and physical activities scale developed by Burns(1996). Metabolism was indirectly collected through out-patient charts and exercise capability was directly measured by sub-maximal exercise stress tests. The data were analyzed by SPSS/WIN 10.0 using descriptive statistics, chi-square test, t-test, paired t-test, Wilcoxon signed ranks test and Cronbach''s alpha. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The subjects were divided into five stages of exercise behavior; 15.0% in pre-contemplation stage, 33.0% in contemplation stage, 17.0% in preparation stage, 16.0% in action stage and 19.0% in maintenance stage. The subjects in pre-contemplation stage used all processes of change in the least. "Dramatic relief", "Environmental reevaluation" and "Self reevaluation" were identified as main processes of change in contemplation stage. "Consciousness raising", "Dramatic relief" were used higher than average in preparation stage. "Helping relationships", "Consciousness raising", "Environmental reevaluation", "Self reevaluation", "Social liberation", "Counter conditioning", "Reinforcement management", "Self liberation" and "Stimulus control" were used higher than average in action stage. The subjects in maintenance stage used all process of change the highest except "Dramatic relief"and "Helping relationships". "Cons" score of decisional balance was the highest in pre-contemplation stage, "Pros" score was the highest in action stage and "Self-efficacy" score was the highest in maintenance stage. 2. The exercise intervention program based on a stage of exercise using TTM consists of theoretical background and goal of program, the assessment tool for stage of change, exercise intervention program based on a stage of exercise in detail and glossary. 3. The effects of exercise intervention program based on a stage of exercise using TTM are summarized as follows. 1) Hypothesis 1 that "Type 2 DM patients who participate in an exercise intervention program based on a stage of exercise using TTM will show positively forward direction on a stage of exercise than non-exercise group." was supported (t=-3.53, p=.00). 2) Hypothesis 2 that "Type 2 DM patients who participate in an exercise intervention program based on a stage of exercise using TTM will show higher physical activities than non-exercise group." was supported (t=-5.38, p=.00). 3) In Hypothesis 3 that "Type 2 DM patients who participate in an exercise intervention program based on a stage of exercise using TTM will show higher metabolism than non-exercise group.", (1) Papa-hypothesis 1 that "Type 2 DM patients who participate in an exercise intervention program based on a stage of exercise using TTM will show higher glucose metabolism than non-exercise group." was supported(FBS: t=2.26, P=.03, pc 2hrs glucose: t=2.60, p=.01, HbA1C: t=2.44, p=.02). (2) Papa-hypothesis 2 that "Type 2 DM patients who participate in an exercise intervention program based on a stage of exercise using TTM will show higher lipid metabolism than non-exercise group." was partly supported(TC: t=1.62, P=.11, HDL cholesterol: t=-1.31, p=.20, TG: t=2.49, p=.02). 4) In hypothesis 4 that "Type 2 DM patients who participate in an exercise intervention program based on a stage of exercise using TTM will show higher exercise capability than non-exercise group.", (1) Papa-hypothesis 1 that "Type 2 DM patients who participate in an exercise intervention program based on a stage of exercise using TTM will show higher maximun oxygen uptake (VO2max) than non-exercise group." was supported(Z=-3.21, p=.00). (2) Papa-hypothesis 2 that "Type 2 DM patients who participate in an exercise intervention program based on a stage of exercise using TTM will show higher anaerobic threshold(AT) than non-exercise group." was supported(Z=-3.52, p=.00). In conclusion, this study demonstrates that this program is very effective in maintaining and promoting health in type 2 DM patients by facilitating and encouraging them to stick to a prescribed exercise program.prohibitio

    (The) Effects of exercise therapy applied in an efficary expectation promoting program on self-efficary and metabolism - in NIDDM p

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    ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘์€ ๋งŒ์„ฑ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์„ฑ ์งˆํ™˜์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์ ˆ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์™„์น˜๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ํ‰์ƒ ์ž๊ฐ€๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์ด ์ž๊ฐ€๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ดํ–‰ํ•˜์ง€์•Š์•„ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ด ์•…ํ™”๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” Bandura์˜ ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ์ด๋ก ์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ํšจ๋Šฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์ค‘์ง„ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ์šด๋™์š”๋ฒ•์„ ์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ ๋น„์˜์กด์„ฑ ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋˜๋Š”์ง€์™€ ๋‹น๋Œ€์‚ฌ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ์ง€์งˆ๋Œ€์‚ฌ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ๋น„๋™๋“ฑ์„ฑ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ ์‚ฌ์ „-์‚ฌํ›„ ์„ค๊ณ„(Nonequival ent pre-test post-test con71 design)๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋Š” ์„œ์šธ์‹œ๋‚ด ์ผ๊ฐœ ์ข…ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์› ๋‹น๋‡จํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰ ์™ธ๋ž˜์—์„œ ํ†ต์›์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ ๋น„์˜์กด์„ฑ ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž„์˜ํ‘œ์ถœํ•œ 28๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ 14๋ช…, ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ 14๋ช…์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํšจ๋Šฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์ฆ์ง„ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ์šด๋™์š”๋ฒ•์€ ํ‘œ๋Šฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์ž์›์ธ ์„ฑ์ทจ์™„์„ฑ, ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ๊ฒฝํ—˜, ์–ธ์–ด์  ์„ค๋“์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ณ„ ์šด๋™ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ, ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘์ฒดํ—˜์ˆ˜๊ธฐ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์†Œ์ฑ…์ž, ์ „ํ™” Coach ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์€ ๊ณผํ•™์ ์ธ ์šด๋™๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์šด๋™์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋‹น๋‡จ์ฆ์ƒ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์šด๋™์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ›์€ ๋‹ค์Œ, ์šด๋™์œ ํ˜•์€ ์œ ์‚ฐ์†Œ์šด๋™ ์ค‘์—์„œ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ์„ ํ˜ธ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ ํƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์šด๋™๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ 30๋ถ„-1์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ์šด๋™ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ์ง€์นจ ์„œ์™€ ์†Œ์ฑ…์ž๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๊ฐ€ 2ํšŒ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„๊ต์œกํ•œ ํ›„, ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ์šด๋™๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฃผ 75ํšŒ์— ํŽ„์ณ ๋งคํšŒ 20-70๋ถ„, ์ฒด๋ ฅ๋™์›์œจ์˜ 40-60% ๊ฐ•๋„์—์„œ ์ตœ์†Œ 4์ฃผ์ด์ƒ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž์˜ ์ฃผ 2-4ํšŒ, 1ํšŒ 3-10๋ถ„์— ๊ฑธ์นœ ์ „ํ™” Coach์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ™˜์ž ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์€ ํ‰์ƒ์‹œ ์ƒํ™œ์„ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ์€ Sherer ๋“ฑ(1982)์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ Oh(1993)๊ฐ€ ๋ฒˆ์—ญํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์ž๊ฐ€ํšจ๋Šฅ์ฒ™๋„๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋‹น๋Œ€์‚ฌ๋Ÿ‰์€ ๊ณต๋ณต์‹œ ํ˜ˆ๋‹น(FBS), ์‹ํ›„ ํ˜ˆ๋‹น(pc 2hrs. glucose), ๋‹นํ™” ํ˜ˆ์ƒ‰์†Œ(HbA^^1 C)๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ์ง€์งˆ๋Œ€์‚ฌ๋Ÿ‰์€ ์ค‘์„ฑ์ง€๋ฐฉ(Triglyoeride), ์ด์ฝœ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฐ๋ฅผ(To tal cholesterol), ๊ณ ๋น„์ค‘ ์ง€๋‹จ๋ฐฑ ์ฝœ๋ ˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋กค(HDL ddesterd), ์ฒด์ค‘์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜์ง‘๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์€ 1995๋…„ 10์›” 4์ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 12์›” 5์ผ๊นŒ์ง€์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ, ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์—๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์ „์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ, ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์šด๋™๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ์šด๋™์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ, ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์  ๊ต์œก, ์šด๋™ ๋™์š”๋ฒ•์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž์˜ ์ „ํ™” Coachํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์‚ฌํ›„์กฐ์‚ฌ๋Š” 4์ฃผ ์˜ˆ์•ฝ์ผ์— ์‚ฌ์ „์กฐ์‚ฌ์™€ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์™ธ๋ž˜์—์„œ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ถ„์„์€ SPSS/PC**+ ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ํŠน์„ฑ, ์งˆ๋ณ‘ ์ œํŠน์„ฑ, ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™ ๋ฐ ์šด๋™ํŠน์„ฑ, ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋™์งˆ์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ฯ‡**2 -test๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” t-test๋กœ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ ์ „ํ›„์ฐจ์ด๋Š” paired t-test๋กœ ์œ ์˜์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ์ธก์ •๋„๊ตฌ์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์€ Cronbarh's Alpha๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. 1. ์ œ1๊ฐ€์„ค: "ํšจ๋Šฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์ฆ์ง„ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ์šด๋™์š”๋ฒ•์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•œ ๊ตฐ์€ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ตฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ์ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค."๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ์ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์–ด(t=5.98, p=000) ์ง€์ง€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. 2. ์ œ2๊ฐ€์„ค: "ํšจ๋Šฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์ฆ์ง„ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ์šด๋™์š”๋ฒ•์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•œ ๊ตฐ์€ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ตฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‹น๋Œ€์‚ฌ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค."๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค(๊ณต๋ณต์‹œ ํ˜ˆ๋‹น:t=.32, p=.75, ๋‹นํ™” ํ˜ˆ์ƒ‰์†Œ: t= .60, p= .55, ์‹ํ›„ 2์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ˜ˆ๋‹น์น˜ t= -29, p= ,78). 3. ์ œ3๊ฐ€์„ค: "ํšจ๋Šฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์ฆ์ง„ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ์šด๋™์š”๋ฒ•์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•œ ๊ตฐ์€ยท์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ตฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ง€์งˆ๋Œ€์‚ฌ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค."๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์ง€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค(์ค‘์„ฑ์ง€๋ฐฉ: t=-1.87, p= .07,HDL ์ฝœ๋ ˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋กค: t= -.29, p=.77, ์ฒด์ค‘: t= 1.78, p= .09, ์ด์ฝœ๋ ˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋กค: t= -2.17, p = .04). 4. ์ œ4๊ฐ€์„ค: "ํšจ๋Šฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์ฆ์ง„ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ์šด๋™์š”๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰ ์ „-ํ›„์˜ ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ์—๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค."๋Š” ์ง€์ง€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค(t=-6.72, ? .000). 5. ์ œ5๊ฐ€์„ค: "ํšจ๋Šฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์ฆ์ง„ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ์šด๋™์š”๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰ ์ „-ํ›„ ์˜ ๋‹น๋Œ€์‚ฌ๋Ÿ‰์—๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค."๋Š” ์ง€์ง€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค(๊ณต๋ณต์‹œ ํ˜ˆ๋‹น t= 3.63 p= .003, ๋‹นํ™” ํ˜ˆ์ƒ‰์†Œ t= ,4.20, p= .000, ์‹ํ›„ 2์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ˜ˆ๋‹น: t= 1.98, p= .001). 6. ์ œ6๊ฐ€์„ค: "ํšจ๋Šฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์ฆ์ง„ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ์šด๋™์š”๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰ ์ „-ํ›„์˜ ์ง€์ง„๋Œ€์‚ฌ๋Ÿ‰๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค."๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ง€์ง€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค(HDL ์ฝœ๋ž˜์Šคํ…Œ๋กค: t= -.5.34 p= .67, ์ค‘์„ฑ์ง€๋ฐฉ: t= 2.50, p= .03, ์ด์ฝœ๋ ˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋กค: t= 2.26, p= .04, ์ฒด์ค‘: t= 5.34, p= .000). ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด ํšจ๋Šฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์ฆ์ง„ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ์šด๋™์š”๋ฒ•์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•œ ์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ ๋น„์˜์กด์„ฑ ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž๋Š” ์‹œํ–‰์ „๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋˜๊ณ  ๋‹น๋Œ€์‚ฌ์™€ ์ง€ํ•„๋Œ€์‚ฌ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ํšจ๋Šฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์ฆ์ง„ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ์šด๋™์š”๋ฒ•์€ ์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ ๋น„์˜์กด์„ฑ ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ค‘์žฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค๋ฌด์— ์ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋ ค๋œ๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ] Hon-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus(NIDDM) is a chronic metabolic disease and NIDDM Patients need self-care for a lifetime. But most diabetic patients grow worse due to a lack of adequate self-care. In particular, exercise therapy is very important for NIDDM patients. This study was conducted to investigate whether exercise therapy applied in an efficacy expectation promoting program based on the self-efficacy theory of Bandura(1977) would increase self-efficacy and metabolism in NIDDM patients. The study design was a nonequivalent control group pre-test post-test quasi-experimental design. The exercise therapy allied in the efficacy expectation promoting program was composed of a staged exercise program, a small booklet relating personal experience with diabetes mellitus and a telephone coaching program on performance accomplishment vicarious experience and verbal Persuasion, which are all induction modes of efficacy expectation. The subjects of the study were twenty eight NIDDM Patients who received follow-up care regularly through the out-patient department of endocrine medicine in one general hospital which had a diabetic clinic. Fourteen were assigned to the experimental group and fourteen to the control group. The experimental group participated in the exercise therapy applied in the efficacy expectation promoting program from three to five times per week for four weeks and the control group did not have the program. The collected data were analyzed using the ฯ‡**2 -test, t-test, paired t-test and Cronbach's Alpha using SPSS/PC**+ . The results are summarized as follows: 1. Hypothesis 1 that "NIDDM patients who participate in the exercise therapy allied in the efficacy expectation promoting program will have higher efficacy score than NIDDM patients who do not have the exercise therapy" was supported(t= 5.98, p= .00). 2. Hypothesis 2 that "NIDDM patients who participate in the exercise therapy applied in the efficacy expectation promoting program will have higher level of glucose metabolism than NIDDM patients who do not have the exercise therapy" was rejected(FBS: t=.32, p=.75, HbA^^1 C: t=.60, p=.55, pc 2hrs. glucose: t=-.29, p=.78). 3. Hypothesis 3 that "NIDDM patients who participate in the exercise therapy applied in the efficacy expectation promoting program will have a higher level of lipid metabolism than NIDDM patients who do not have the exercise therapy" was partly supported(triglyceride: t= -1.87, p= .07,HDL cholesterol: t= -.29, p= .77, body weight: t= 1.78, p=.09, Total cholesterol: t= -2.17, p= .04). 4. Hypothesis 4 that "there will be a significant difference in the efficacy score before exercise therapy applied in the efficacy expectation promoting program and after in NIDDM patients" was supported(t=-6.42, p= .00). 5. Hypothesis 5 that "there will be a significant difference in the amount of glucose metabolism before exorcise therapy applied in the efficacy expectation promoting program and after in NIDDM patients" was supported(FBS: t=3.63, p= .003, HbA^^1 C: t=4.20, p=.00, pc 2hrs. glucose:t=1.93, p=.001). 6. Hypothesis 6 that "there will be a significant difference in the amount of lipid metabolism before exercise therapy applied in the efficacy expectation Promoting program and after in NIDDM patients was partly supported (triglyceride: t= 2.50, p= .03, HDL cholesterol: t= -.43, p= .67, body weight: t= 5.34, p= .00, Total cholesterol: t= 2.26, p= .04). In conclusion, it was found that exercise therapy applied in an efficacy expectation promoting program was an effective nursing intervention for increasing self-efficacy and metabolism.restrictio

    ์•ˆ์ง€์˜คํ…์‹  II๋กœ ์œ ๋ฐœ๋œ ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์•• ๋ฐฑ์„œ์—์„œ ์‹ ๊ฒฝํ˜• ์‚ฐํ™”์งˆ์†Œ ํ•ฉ์„ฑํšจ์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์‹ฌ๊ทผ์ˆ˜์ถ• ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ์ „

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์˜๊ณผํ•™๊ณผ ์˜๊ณผํ•™ ์ „๊ณต, 2013. 2. ์žฅ์€ํ™”.Renin-angiotensin-system has been implicated in hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy and fatal heart failure. Angiotensin II (Ang II) is an important mediator of myocardial pathogenesis, mostly via inducing oxidative stress secondary to NADPH oxidase (NOX) activation and adverse remodeling leading to contractile dysfunction. In contrast, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) has been shown to reduce intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) by modulating cardiac oxidases and facilitates myocardial relaxation by promoting Ca2+ reuptake into the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) through increasing PKA-dependent phospholamban phosphorylation (PLN-Ser16). Importantly, nNOS protein expression and activity are up-regulated in hypertrophic and failing myocardium which protects the heart from disease progression. So far, the mechanisms mediating nNOS regulation of intracellular ROS, signaling and contractility in hypertensive heart are unknown. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to examine whether nNOS protein expression and activity are affected by Ang II treatment (both in vitro and in vivo via osmotic minipumps, 125ng/min/kg, 4 wks) in left ventricular (LV) myocytes and the cellular mechanisms mediating nNOS regulation of myocyte contraction and relaxation in normal and Ang II-induced hypertensive rats. The results showed that nNOS protein expression and activity were increased by Ang II treatment both in vitro (3h) and in vivo (hypertension). At 3h, nNOS reduced NOX activity and facilitated LV myocyte relaxation. Interestingly, nNOS increased PLN-Ser16 via cGMP/PKG-dependent (but PKA, CaMKII or peroxynitrite-independent) signaling. Similarly, nNOS up-regulation was associated with faster myocyte relaxation, increased PLN-Ser16 and quicker decay kinetics of Ca2+ transients (tau) in hypertensive rat heart. However, faster tau and relaxation were independent of nNOS, PKA, CaMKII or cGMP/PKG. Instead, nNOS increased troponin I phosphorylation (TnI-Ser23/24) and reduced myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity, which in turn, increased diastolic Ca2+ level and promoted Ca2+ reuptake into the SR. In summary, the results suggest that nNOS shifts its target proteins and signaling during disease progression: from PKA-dependent PLN-Ser16 in normal to PKG-dependent PLN-Ser16 at early stage with pathogenic stress (Ang II 3h) to cGMP/PKG-dependent phosphorylation of myofilament proteins (e.g. TnI) in hypertensive myocardium. These novel findings are important in better understandings of the endogenous cardiac protective mechanisms of nNOS during disease progression. Fatty acids (FA) are preferential substrates of cardiac metabolism to provide fuels for myocardial contraction. NO has been implicated in FA uptake and utilization in the myocardium from normal heartconversely, reduced bioavailability of NO has been associated with impaired FA metabolism and cardiac performance in failing heart. So far, functional roles of nNOS in FA regulation of myocardial contractility in normal and hypertensive myocardium remain elusive. Hence, nNOS regulation of FA-dependent LV myocyte contraction in sham and Ang II-induced hypertensive rats and the potential mechanisms mediating the function of nNOS were explored. Supplementation of palmitic acid (PA) to the perfusate increased LV myocyte contraction in shams but not in hypertension. Carnitine palmitoyltransperase 1 and nNOS mediated the inotropic effect of PA in shams. Surprisingly, nNOS was responsible for impaired PA-dependent inotropic effect in hypertensive rats. nNOS increased s-nitrosylation of transglutaminase II (TG2) and reduced its activity and attenuated PA-increase in LV myocyte contraction, possibly via reducing ATP production in hypertensive myocardium. Exercise training restored PA-dependent LV myocyte contraction in hypertensive heart, an effect that was independent of nNOS activity. These results suggest that nNOS plays contrasting roles in FA-dependent metabolism and LV myocyte contraction in healthy and hypertensive hearts. Taken together, my research revealed several novel mechanisms of nNOS in posttranscriptional regulation of intracellular signaling pathways, Ca2+ handling processes, metabolism and myocyte contraction in both healthy and diseased heart.Abstract---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- i List of table and figures -------------------------------------------------------------------------- iv List of abbreviations ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ viii Introduction----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 Outline of the thesis ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8 Materials and Methods--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10 Results ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 24 Part I --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 24 Part II-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 40 Part III------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 63 Part IV------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 87 Discussion------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 99 Part I--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 99 Part II-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 104 Part III------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 108 Part IV------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 112 References--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 115 Abstract (in Korean) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 138Docto

    The Relationship between Depression, Perceived Stress, Fatigue and Anger in Clinical Nurses

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    Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between depression, perceived stress, fatigue and anger in clinical nurses. Method: A descriptive survey was conducted using a convenient sample. Data was collected by questionnaires from four hundred clinical nurses who worked at a university hospital. Radloff's CES-D for depression, Cohen, Kamarck & Mermelstein's Perceived Stress Scale, VAS for Fatigue, and Spielberger's STAXI for anger were used. The data was analyzed using the pearson correlation coefficient, students' t-test, ANOVA, and stepwise multiple regression with SPSS/WIN 12.0. Result: The depression of clinical nurses showed a significantly positive correlation to perceived stress(r=.360, p=.000), mental fatigue(r=.471, p=.000), physical fatigue(r=.350, p=.000), trait anger(r=.370, p=.000), anger-in expression(r=.231, p=.000), and anger-control expression(r=.120, p=.016). There was a negative correlation between depression and age(r=-.146, p=.003). The mean score of depression of nurses, 26, was a very high score and 40.8% of clinical nurses were included in a depression group. The main significant predictors influencing depression of clinical nurses were mental fatigue, trail anger, perceived stress, anger-in expression, and state anger, which explained about 32.7%. Conclusion: These results indicate that clinical nurses with a high degree of perceived stress, mental fatigue and anger-in expression are likely to be depressed.ope
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