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    ๋งˆ์‚ฐ์ˆ˜์ถœ์ž์œ ์ง€์—ญ๊ณผ ์ฐฝ์›๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ณต์—…๊ธฐ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณ„ํšํ•™๊ณผ, 2017. 2. ์ตœ๋ง‰์ค‘.1960๋…„๋Œ€ ๊ฒฝ๊ณต์—… ์‚ฐ์—…๋‹จ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ถœ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ์ „๋žต์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์ด๋ฃฉํ•ด ๋ƒˆ๋˜ ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ฏผ๊ตญ์€ 1970๋…„๋Œ€ ๋“ค์–ด์„œ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณต์—… ์ค‘์‹ฌ์—์„œ ํ•œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„ ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ์ „๊ตญ๊ฐ์ง€์— ์ค‘ํ™”ํ•™๊ณต์—…๋‹จ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฑด์„คํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด ๊ฒฝ๊ณต์—…๋‹จ์ง€์™€ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๊ฑด์„ค๋œ ์ค‘ํ™”ํ•™๊ณต์—…๋‹จ์ง€์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์€ ๋ณธ๋ž˜ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋˜ ๋„์‹œ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์‹œ์„ค์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ๊ฒฝ๊ณต์—…๋‹จ์ง€๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ค‘ํ™”ํ•™๊ณต์—…๋‹จ์ง€์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณต์—…๋‹จ์ง€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๊ฑด์„คํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ๊ฒฝ๊ณต์—…๋‹จ์ง€์˜ ์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ ํŠน์ง•์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋งˆ์‚ฐ์ˆ˜์ถœ์ž์œ ์ง€์—ญ๊ณผ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์ค‘ํ™”ํ•™๊ณต์—…๋‹จ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋Œ€ํ‘œํ•˜๋Š” ์ฐฝ์›๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ณต์—…๋‹จ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฝ๊ณต์—…๋‹จ์ง€์ธ ๋งˆ์‚ฐ์—๋Š” ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„ํš๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ค‘ํ™”ํ•™๊ณต์—…๋‹จ์ง€์ธ ์ฐฝ์›์—๋Š” ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑด์„ค๋œ ์ด์œ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‘ ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ ์‚ฐ์—…๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์‚ฐ์—…๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๋„์‹œ๋ฐœ์ „์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์‚ฐ๊ณผ ์ฐฝ์›์€ ๊ฑด์„ค๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ํŠน์ง•, ๊ณ„ํš๊ณผ์ • ๋“ฑ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๊ณ  ์ด๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‘ ์ง€์—ญ ๋ณ€์ฒœ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์š”์ธ๋“ค๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ๋งˆ์‚ฐ์ˆ˜์ถœ์ž์œ ์ง€์—ญ์€ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์กฐ์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋†’์€ ์ดํ•ด๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์ง€๋ฐฉ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€๋“ค๊ณผ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์ง€๋ฐฉ๊ณต์—…ํ™”์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ๊ฑด์„ค๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ฐฝ์›๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ณต์—…๊ธฐ์ง€๋Š” ๋‹น์‹œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์—…์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ์ค‘ํ™”ํ•™๊ณต์—…์œก์„ฑ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ ๋งˆ์‚ฐ์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๊ณ„ํš์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ๊ฑด์„ค ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฑด์„ค๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์€ ์‚ฐ์—…๋‹จ์ง€์˜ ํŠน์ง•์—๋„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณ ๋งˆ์‚ฐ์ˆ˜์ถœ์ž์œ ์ง€์—ญ์€ ๋ฏธํ˜ผ์—ฌ์„ฑ๊ณต ์œ„์ฃผ์˜ ๋…ธ๋™์ง‘์•ฝ์  ์‚ฐ์—…์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ฐฝ์›๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ณต์—…๋‹จ์ง€์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ์ˆ™๋ จ๋…ธ๋™๊ณต ์œ„์ฃผ์˜ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์ค‘ํ™”ํ•™๊ณต์—…๋‹จ์ง€๋กœ ์šด์˜๋˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ๋‘ ์ง€์—ญ์€ ๊ณ„ํš๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์‚ฐ์ˆ˜์ถœ์ž์œ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ถœ์ž์œ ์ง€์—ญ์„ค์น˜๋ฒ•(1970)์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ณต๋ถ€, ์ˆ˜์ถœ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณต๋‹จ, ๋งˆ์‚ฐ์‹œ์—์„œ ๊ณ„ํšํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ์€ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์ด ํˆฌ์ž…๋œ๋‹ค. ์ฐฝ์›๊ตญ๊ฐ€์‚ฐ์—…๋‹จ์ง€์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ตญ๋ฌด์ด๋ฆฌ์‚ฐํ•˜ ์ค‘ํ™”ํ•™๊ณต์—…๋‹จ์ง€์ถ”์ง„์œ„์›ํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ด ๋˜์–ด ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค์ข…ํ•ฉ๊ณ„ํš๋ฒ•(1963), ์ง€๋ฐฉ๊ณต์—…๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋ฒ•(1970), ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ์ง€๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด‰์ง„๋ฒ•(1973), ๊ณต์—…๋ฐฐ์น˜๋ฒ•(1977), ์ง€๋ฐฉ๊ณต์—…๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋ฒ•(1977) ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฒ•์ œ์˜ ์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ๋งŽ์€ ์ž๊ธˆ์ด ํˆฌ์ž…๋˜์–ด ๊ฑด์„ค๋œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์—…์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋‹ฌ๋ž๋˜ ๊ฑด์„ค๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณ„ํš๊ณผ์ •์€ ๋„์‹œ์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ณ€์ฒœ์—๋„ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณต์—…๋‹จ์ง€๋กœ ์„ฑ์žฅํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋งˆ์‚ฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๊ฒฝ๊ณต์—… ์ œ์กฐ์—… ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ์˜ ์•ฝํ™”๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์–ด๋ ค์›€์— ๋น ์ง€์ง€๋งŒ ์ˆ™๋ จ๋…ธ๋™๋ ฅ์˜ ์•ˆ์ •๋œ ๊ณต๊ธ‰๊ณผ ์œ ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ฐฝ์›์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด ๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์‚ฐ์—…์ด ๋„์‹œ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์ฃผ๋„๋กœ ๊ฑด์„ค๋œ ๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‚ฐ์—…๋‹จ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ง€์›ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ทธ ์ „๋žต์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ํŽธ์ค‘๋œ ์‚ฐ์—…๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ™๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ์•ฝ์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€์ ํ• ๋งŒํ•œ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋™์‹œ์— ๋งˆ์‚ฐ๊ณผ ์ฐฝ์›์˜ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ๊ณต์—…๊ณผ ์ค‘ํ™”ํ•™๊ณต์—… ์ „๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋Œ€๋ณ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„ ์—ญ์‹œ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํƒ€ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณต์—…๋‹จ์ง€์™€ ์ค‘ํ™”ํ•™๊ณต์—…๋‹จ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ›„์†์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์† ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.I. ์„œ ๋ก  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  1 1) ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 1 2) ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  2 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 2 1) ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ 2 2) ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 4 3. ์šฉ์–ด์˜ ์ •์˜ 5 1) ๊ฒฝ๊ณต์—…๊ณผ ์ค‘ํ™”ํ•™๊ณต์—…์˜ ์ •์˜ 5 2) ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณต๋‹จ์˜ ๋ช…์นญ 7 II. ์ด๋ก ์  ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 8 1. ์‚ฐ์—…๋‹จ์ง€๋Š” ์™œ ๊ฑด์„ค๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€ 8 2. ์‚ฐ์—…๋‹จ์ง€์—์„œ ์‚ฐ์—…๋„์‹œ๋กœ์˜ ํ™•์žฅ 11 III. ๋งˆ์‚ฐ์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ณ€์ฒœ 13 1. ๋งˆ์‚ฐ์ž์œ ๋ฌด์—ญ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฑด์„ค๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 13 1) ์ง€๋ฐฉ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ 13 2) ์ง€๋ฐฉ๊ณต์—…ํ™”์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ 14 2. ๋งˆ์‚ฐ์ˆ˜์ถœ์ž์œ ๋ฌด์—ญ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์‚ฐ์—… 17 1) ์ƒ์‚ฐํ’ˆ๋ชฉ 17 2) ๊ทผ๋กœ์ž์˜ ํŠน์ง• 23 3. ๋งˆ์‚ฐ์ˆ˜์ถœ์ž์œ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๊ณ„ํš 29 1) ๋ฒ•๊ทœ 29 2) ์กฐ์„ฑ๊ธฐ๊ด€ 32 3) ์†Œ์š”์˜ˆ์‚ฐ 33 4) ์‚ฌ์—…๊ทœ๋ชจ 34 4. ๋งˆ์‚ฐ ๋„์‹œ์˜ ๋ณ€์ฒœ 36 1) ์‚ฐ์—…๊ตฌ์กฐ 36 2) ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ตฌ์กฐ 43 5. ์†Œ๊ฒฐ 48 IV. ์ฐฝ์›์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ณ€์ฒœ 49 1. ์ฐฝ์›๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ณต์—…๊ธฐ์ง€์˜ ๊ฑด์„ค๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 49 1) ์ค‘ํ™”ํ•™๊ณต์—… ์œก์„ฑ์ •์ฑ… 49 2) ๋งˆ์‚ฐ์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๊ณ„ํš์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ 52 2. ์ฐฝ์›๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ณต์—…๊ธฐ์ง€์˜ ์‚ฐ์—… 53 1) ์ƒ์‚ฐํ’ˆ๋ชฉ 53 2) ๊ทผ๋กœ์ž์˜ ํŠน์ง• 58 3. ์ฐฝ์›๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ณต์—…๊ธฐ์ง€์˜ ๊ณ„ํš 64 1) ๋ฒ•๊ทœ 64 2) ์กฐ์„ฑ๊ธฐ๊ด€ 67 3) ์†Œ์š”์˜ˆ์‚ฐ 70 4) ์‚ฌ์—…๊ทœ๋ชจ 74 4. ์ฐฝ์› ๋„์‹œ์˜ ๋ณ€์ฒœ 78 1) ์‚ฐ์—…๊ตฌ์กฐ 78 2) ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ตฌ์กฐ 86 5. ์†Œ๊ฒฐ 93 V. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  94 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  94 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ 95 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 96 ๋ถ€๋ก 99 ABSTRACT 107Maste

    ๋Œ€์ƒ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ๋ฐ ๋ฐฐ์‹ฌ์›์˜ ์ž๊ฒฉ๊ณผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๋ฒ•๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๋ฒ•ํ•™๊ณผ, 2022.2. ์ด์ƒ์›.๊ตฐ ์‚ฌ๋ฒ•์ œ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์  ์ •๋‹น์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด์™€ ์‹ ๋ขฐ ํ˜•์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์š”๊ตฌ๋Š” ์˜ค๋ž˜์ „๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ œ๊ธฐ๋˜์–ด์™”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ตฐ ์‚ฌ๋ฒ•์ œ๋„๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ถฉ์กฑํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ตฐ์˜ ์ œ๋„ ๊ฐœ์„ ์˜ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ ์—ญ์‹œ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋น„ํŒ์„ ๋ฌด๋งˆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ์žฌํŒ์—์„œ์˜ ๋ฐฐ์‹ฌ์ œ ๋„์ž…์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋น„ํŒ์—์„œ ์ž์œ ๋กญ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค. ์žฌํŒ์˜ ๋…๋ฆฝ์„ฑ ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด์™€ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์‹ฌ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋„์ž…๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž„์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ œ๋„์˜ ์„ธ๋ถ€์ ์ธ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ทจ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ ์ ˆํžˆ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ตฐ์—์„œ์˜ ๋ฐฐ์‹ฌ์ œ ๋„์ž…์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ์ค€์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋„์ž…๋˜์–ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ตฐ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ชจํ˜ธํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋…์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ ์ œ๋„์˜ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ €ํ•ดํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์•ˆ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ œ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊นŠ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณ ๋ฏผ๊ณผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ์žฌํŒ์—์„œ์˜ ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฐ์‹ฌ์ œ ๋„์ž…์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ฑด์„ ์กฐ์„ฑํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๊ธ€์—์„œ๋Š” ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ์šด์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„๊ต๋ฒ•์  ๊ฒ€ํ† , ์ œ๋„ ๋„์ž…๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ฌธํ—Œ ๋ถ„์„ ๋“ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ทธ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œํŽธ ๋‚˜๋ฆ„์˜ ๊ฐœ์„  ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ์žฌํŒ์—์„œ์˜ ๋ฐฐ์‹ฌ์žฌํŒ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ œ๋„์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ•˜์œ„ ๊ทœ๋ฒ”์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ชจํ˜ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ง€์ •ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ตฐ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ”์ฃ„ ํ˜•ํƒœ, ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๋นˆ๋„ ๋ฐ ๊ตฐํ˜•๋ฒ•์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒ๋˜๋Š” ๋ณ„๋„์˜ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„ ์œ ํ˜• ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ๋กœ์จ ๊ทธ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์ •ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žฅ๊ธฐ 3๋…„ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„ ๋ฐ ์ˆœ์ •๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ฒ”์ฃ„๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐฐ์‹ฌ์žฌํŒ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ˜„ ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๋Œ€์ƒ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ์žฌํŒ์—์„œ์˜ ๋ฐฐ์‹ฌ์› ์ž๊ฒฉ๊ณผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๊ทธ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ๊ตฐ์ธ ๋˜๋Š” ์ƒ์œ„ ๊ณ„๊ธ‰์— ๊ตญํ•œ๋  ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†๋‹ค. ๊ตฐ์ธ๋งŒ์ด ๋ฐฐ์‹ฌ์›์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ์ •๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋„๋ฆฌ์–ด ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ œํ•œ์ด ๊ตฐ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฒฐ๋ถ€๋˜์–ด ๋ถˆ๊ณต์ •ํ•œ ํŒ๊ฒฐ์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์›์ธ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ์ƒ์œ„ ๊ณ„๊ธ‰์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์ •๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์‹ฌ์› ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์—ญ์‹œ ๋ฐฐ์‹ฌ์› ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด ๋ฐ ๊ณต์ •ํ•œ ํŒ๊ฒฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ตฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณ„์ธต์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์ด ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ์žฌํŒ์˜ ๋ฐฐ์‹ฌ์›์œผ๋กœ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ตฐ ์‚ฌ๋ฒ•์ œ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ์‹œ์™€ ํ†ต์ œ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ตฐ ์‚ฌ๋ฒ•์˜ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์  ์ •๋‹น์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด์™€ ์‹ ๋ขฐ ํ˜•์„ฑ์˜ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.Social demands to secure democratic legitimacy and build trust in South Koreaโ€™s military justice system have long been raised. However, the system still does not meet these needs, while reform efforts have often appeared as mere attempts to deflect criticism. Proposals to introduce the jury trial in court-martial proceedings are not free from such criticism. Although the introduction of jury trials is intended to secure the independence and fairness of military proceedings in order to build public trust, the details of this system do not adequately support such a purpose. The jury trial system in court-martial should not simply be introduced mutatis mutandis from the civil law system. In addition, ambiguous concepts such as the nature of the military should not hinder the proper function of a jury system. Ultimately, it is necessary to create proper conditions for the introduction of a jury system in court-martial through in-depth consideration and review. Accordingly, this thesis reviews challenges relating to the introduction of a jury system in court-martial, through comparative legal review and literature analysis. It then concludes with a proposal for reform. The scope of cases that may be subject to jury trial in court-martial should not be defined simply by reference to the civil law jury system or vaguely designated through lower-level regulations. Rather, it is necessary to set specific standards by law in consideration of the type of crimes occurring in the military, frequency of occurrence, and separate categories of crime punishable under the Korean Military Criminal Act. In addition, crimes designated as subject to a period of imprisonment for three or more years and military crimes as defined in the Military Criminal Act may at present be appropriately brought within the scope of jury trials. Jury eligibility and composition in military trials need not be limited to military personnel or higher ranking officers. There is no particular reason why only military personnel should qualify as jurors; on the contrary, such restrictions may result in injustice, through being linked to the idiosyncrasies of the military system. Likewise, the composition of jurors needs to be modified to include all ranks of the military, to secure representativeness and produce fair judgments. Ultimately, providing a means to monitor and regulate the military justice system by allowing citizens to participate as jurors in court-martial will be a concrete measure to secure democratic legitimacy and build trust in military law.์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ ๋ก  1 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ์ œ๊ธฐ 1 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„์™€ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 4 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ์žฌํŒ์—์„œ์˜ ๋ฐฐ์‹ฌ์ œ ๋„์ž… ๋…ผ์˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ „์ œ 6 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ์žฌํŒ์—์„œ์˜ ๋ฐฐ์‹ฌ์ œ ๋„์ž…์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 6 โ… . ์‚ฌ๋ฒ•์˜ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์  ์ •๋‹น์„ฑ๊ณผ ์‹ ๋ขฐ ํ˜•์„ฑ 6 โ…ก. ๊ตฐ ์‚ฌ๋ฒ•์ œ๋„์˜ ๋ฏผ์ฃผํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ 10 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ์žฌํŒ์—์„œ์˜ ๋ฐฐ์‹ฌ์ œ ๋„์ž…์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜ 13 โ… . ๋…ผ์˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ 13 โ…ก. ๋…ผ์˜์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ 16 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ์žฌํŒ์—์„œ์˜ ๋ฐฐ์‹ฌ์ œ ๋„์ž…์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ 18 โ… . ๋ฐฐ์‹ฌ์ œ ์ž์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์˜ ๋ถ€์กฑ 18 โ…ก. ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ์žฌํŒ์—์„œ์˜ ๋ฐฐ์‹ฌ์ œ ๋„์ž…์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ ๊ฐ„๊ณผ 20 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์˜๊ตญ/๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋น„๊ต๋ฒ•์  ๊ณ ์ฐฐ ๋ฐ ๊ทธ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  22 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ณ„ ์ œ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 22 โ… . ์ œ๋„ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 22 โ…ก. ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ์žฌํŒ์—์„œ์˜ ๋ฐฐ์‹ฌ์žฌํŒ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฒ”์ฃ„ 24 โ…ข. ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ์žฌํŒ์—์„œ์˜ ๋ฐฐ์‹ฌ์› ์ž๊ฒฉ๊ณผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 27 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  31 โ… . ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ์žฌํŒ์—์„œ์˜ ๋ฐฐ์‹ฌ์žฌํŒ ๋Œ€์ƒ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„ ๋ฒ”์œ„์˜ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์„ฑ 31 โ…ก. ๋ฐฐ์‹ฌ์›์˜ ์ž๊ฒฉ๊ณผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์— ์žˆ์–ด ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์š”์†Œ๋“ค 32 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ์žฌํŒ์—์„œ์˜ ๋ฐฐ์‹ฌ์žฌํŒ ๋Œ€์ƒ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ 39 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๋Œ€์ƒ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ์„ค์ •ํ•œ ๊ทœ์ •์˜ ์ž…๋ฒ• ๋ฐฉ์‹์ƒ ๋ชจํ˜ธ์„ฑ 39 โ… . ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์ฐธ์—ฌ์žฌํŒ๋ฒ•์˜ ๊ทœ์ •์„ ์ค€์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋ชจํ˜ธ์„ฑ 39 โ…ก. ๋Œ€์ƒ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์˜ ์ง€์ •์— ์žˆ์–ด ๋Œ€๋ฒ•์›๊ทœ์น™ ์œ„์ž„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ชจํ˜ธ์„ฑ 41 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๋Œ€์ƒ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ํŒ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์ค€์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 47 โ… . ๋ฒ”์ฃ„์˜ ๋ฒ•์ •ํ˜•์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ์„ค์ • ๊ธฐ์ค€ 47 โ…ก. ๋ฒ”์ฃ„์˜ ์œ ํ˜•์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ์„ค์ • ๊ธฐ์ค€ 50 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๋Œ€์ƒ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ๋ฒ”์œ„์˜ ์„ค์ • 53 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ์žฌํŒ์—์„œ์˜ ๋ฐฐ์‹ฌ์›์˜ ์ž๊ฒฉ๊ณผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 55 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๋ฐฐ์‹ฌ์›์˜ ์ž๊ฒฉ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ 55 โ… . ์žฅ๋ณ‘์ฐธ์—ฌ์žฌํŒ๋ฒ•์•ˆ ์ œ6์กฐ ๋‚ด์šฉ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ์  55 โ…ก. ์‹ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์‹ฌ์› ์ž๊ฒฉ ์ œํ•œ์˜ ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ 58 โ…ข. ์—ฐ๋ น์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์‹ฌ์› ์ž๊ฒฉ ์ œํ•œ์˜ ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ 68 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๋ฐฐ์‹ฌ์›์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ 71 โ… . ์žฅ๋ณ‘์ฐธ์—ฌ์žฌํŒ๋ฒ•์•ˆ ์ œ9์กฐ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ์  71 โ…ก. ๊ณ„๊ธ‰์˜ ์—ญํ• ๊ณผ ๋ฐฐ์‹ฌ์› ๊ณ„๊ธ‰์˜ ์ฐจ๋“ฑ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 73 โ…ข. ๋ณ‘์‚ฌ ๊ณ„๊ธ‰์˜ ๋ฐฐ์‹ฌ์› ์ฐธ์—ฌ ์ œํ•œ์˜ ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ 77 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ์žฌํŒ์—์„œ์˜ ๋ฐฐ์‹ฌ์› ์ž๊ฒฉ๊ณผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์„ค์ • 83 โ… . ๋ฐฐ์‹ฌ์›์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ ๋ณด์žฅ 83 โ…ก. ๋ฐฐ์‹ฌ์› ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์— ์žˆ์–ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๊ณผ ๊ตฐ์ธ์˜ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ํŽธ์„ฑ 84 ์ œ 6 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ ๋ก  94 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๋…ผ์˜์˜ ์ •๋ฆฌ 94 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๋…ผ์˜์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ 95 ์ฐธ ๊ณ  ๋ฌธ ํ—Œ 97 Abstract 107์„

    ๋‚˜๋…ธ ์ž…์ž์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด ๊ธฐ๋Šฅํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž ๋‚˜๋…ธ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ฒด์˜ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ์‘์šฉ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ํ™”ํ•™๋ถ€, 2014. 8. ์ด์ง„๊ทœ.Nanoparticles have been extensively studied because they possess novel properties that come from the quantum effect and a high surface area to volume ratio. Among the many interesting applications of nanoparticles, polymer nanocomposites have been studied extensively because nano-sized inorganic materials are expected to effectively enhance the thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties of polymers without sacrificing the advantages of polymers such as flexibility and easy processability. In this thesis, various polymer nanocomposites were fabricated by incorporating nanoparticles via surface functionalization with a ligand that has a structure similar to polymer repeating unit in order to enhance compatibility between polymer and nanoparticle. As a result, nanoparticles were successfully incorporated in polymer matrices without aggregation. Various metal oxide such as SiO2, TiO2 and BaTiO3 were used as nanofiller due to their high thermal stability, mechanical properties, and outstanding electrical properties (high-k). Thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties of polymer nanocomposites were investigated depending on the content of nanoparticles. Also polymer nanocomposite with enhanced electrical properties was applied to an organic thin film transistor. The thesis chapters are organized by the following. Chapter 1 briefly describes the research background of polymer nanocomposites, categorization of synthetic methods of polymer nanocomposites, surface modification of nanoparticles, and the application of polymer nanocomposites. In Chapter 2, SiO2-Triacethylcellulose (TAC) nanocomposite films having up to 40 wt% of incorporated silica nanoparticles were successfully fabricated by deliberately designing a surface ligand that has a structure similar to that of TAC repeating units and effectively modifying the surface of silica nanoparticles through chemical bonding. The thermal properties including glass transition temperature (Tg), crystallization temperature (Tc), and melting temperatures (Tm) and optical properties of SiO2-TAC nanocomposite were investigated. In Chapter 3, SiO2-polyimide (PI) nanocomposites were prepared by surface modification of silica nanoparticles in order to create structural similarity between the polyimide and the SiO2 surface. SiO2-PI nanocomposites showed enhanced processability (low glass transition temperature), thermal (coefficient of thermal expansion) and mechanical (hardness and modulus) properties. In Chapter 4, TiO2-polyvinylphenol (PVP) and BaTiO3-PVP nanocomposites were successfully fabricated by ligand exchange with 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, which is similar in structure to the repeat unit in PVP. The dielectric constant of PVP nanocomposites was increased by high-k TiO2 and BaTiO3. As a result, organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) with TiO2-PVP nanocomposites dielectric exhibited enhanced device performance.Abstract i Contents iv List of Figures viii List of Scheme xvii List of Tables xx Chapter 1. Research Background 1 1.1 Introduction 2 1.2 Synthetic method of polymer nanocomposites 3 1.3 Surface modification of nanoparticles 6 1.4 Characterization and properties of polymer nanocomposites 9 1.5 Appilication of polymer nanocomposites 12 1.6 References 13 Chapter 2. Fabrication of SiO2-Triacetylcellulose (TAC) Nanocomposites by Surface Modification of Silica Nanoparticles 16 2.1 Abstract 16 2.2 Introduction 17 2.3 Experimental Section 20 2.4 Results and Discussion 25 2.5 Conclusions 34 2.6 References 35 Chapter 3. Polyimide Nanocomposites with Func-tionalized SiO2 Nanoparticles: Enhanced Processability, Thermal and Mechanical Properties 37 3.1 Abstract 37 3.2 Introduction 38 3.3 Experimental Section 40 3.4 Results and Discussion 44 3.5 Conclusions 59 3.6 References 60 Chapter 4. Polymer Nanocomposites for Electronic Application 62 Abstract 62 Introduction 63 Part 1. TiO2-PVP Nanocomposite Dielectrics for Organic Thin Film Transistors 68 4.1.1 Introduction 68 4.1.2 Experimental Section 70 4.1.3 Results and Discussion 74 4.1.4 Conclusions 89 Part 2. BaTiO3-PVP Nanocomposite Dielectrics 90 4.2.1 Introduction 90 4.2.2 Experimental Section 91 4.2.3 Results and Discussion 93 4.2.4 Conclusions 96 References 97 Appendix 100 Chapter 1. Cytop Nanocomposite Dielectrics 100 1.1 Introduction 100 1.2 Experimental Section 101 1.3 Results and Discussion 104 1.4 Conclusions 109 1.5 References 110 Chapter 2. Au-PVP Nanocomposite Dielectrics 111 2.1 Introduction 111 2.2 Experimental Section 113 2.3 Results and Discussion 115 2.4 Conclusions 117 2.5 References 118 Chapter 3. High-Sensitivity Fluorescence Imaging of Iron in Plant Tissues 119 3.1 Introduction 119 3.2 Experimental Section 122 3.3 Results and Discussion 126 3.4 Conclusions 144 3.5 References 145 Korean Abstract 147Docto

    A Study on The PFC Converter for DC Dual Output

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    The advantages of DC systems are being revisited in recent times. The new-age consumer equipments, for example, computers, LED lights, home appliances like LED TV, washing machine, etc., use DC supply for their operation. However, the conventional utility supply is AC. This paper presents a dual output AC-DC converter as a suitable candidate in emerging DC distribution systems. In accordance with the need of vast range of DC loads and standard distribution levels, the proposed dual output PFC rectifier has been designed to provide simultaneous boost and buck outputs. In addition, the design ensures that the rectifier operates at high power factor. Therefore, a suitable digital control technique has been implemented for close loop control, which regulates two DC outputs at the same time. The topology, operating principles, and theoretical analysis of the proposed converter are presented. By using PSIM software, the validation of the converter has been verified.๋ชฉ ์ฐจ โ…ฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ ๋ชฉ์ฐจ โ…ฒ ํ‘œ ๋ชฉ์ฐจ โ…ณ Abstract โ…ด ๊ธฐํ˜ธ ๋ฐ ์•ฝ์–ด โ…ถ 1. ์„œ๋ก  1 1.1 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋™ํ–ฅ 1 1.2 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋‚ด์šฉ 2 1.3 ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 2 2. DC-DC ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ 3 2.1 Buck ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ 3 2.2 Boost ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ 10 2.3 Buck - Boost ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ 15 3. ์ด์ค‘์ถœ๋ ฅ AC-DC PFC ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ 20 3.1 ํ† ํด๋กœ์ง€ 20 3.2 ์ž‘๋™์›๋ฆฌ 22 3.3 ์ œ์–ด๋ฐฉ์‹ 26 4. ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ 29 4.1 ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฐœ์š” 29 4.2 ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 30 5. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  40 ์ฐธ๊ณ  ๋ฌธํ—Œ 41Maste

    ์ƒ์•… ์ „์น˜๋ถ€์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์ด์ค‘์น˜: ์ฆ๋ก€๋ณด๊ณ 

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    Fusion and gemination are irregularities in tooth development. It is often difficult to differentiate between gemination and fusion and it is common to refer to these anomalies as 'double teeth'. The deciduous teeth are most commonly involved, but in 0.1% of cases permanent teeth are affected, in which case aesthetic, funtional and periodontal problems can result. Double teeth present great difficulties in management and required a multidisciplinary approach. The central groove on the labial and palatal surfaces of a double tooth is extremely prone to caries, therefore early 'fissure sealing' is essential. In permanent dentition, surgical separation of fused teeth may be possible with subsequent orthodontic alignment and restorative treatment as needed to reshape the crown. Reshaping or reduction of a double tooth with a single canal may be attempted by modifying the appearance of the labial groove and the use of composite tints but is often impossible and extraction may be the only alternative. Orthodontic treatment and prosthetic replacement is then required. Implants may be an option for adolescents. The present study describes three clinical cases of double teeth in the position of the maxillary permanent incisors. The first case demonstrates an example of multidisciplinary care including surgical intraoral hemisection, root canal therapy, restorative and orthodontic treatment. The second and third cases describe the external and internal morphology of the two fused teeth by means of three dimensional dental computer tomography

    Two Cases of Humoral Hypercalcemia of Malignancy in Metastatic Cholangiocarcinoma

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    Humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM) is rarely associated with cholangiocarcinoma (CC), and represents dismal prognosis. A 63-year-old male was admitted for evaluation of an intrahepatic mass. He was diagnosed with HHM associated with locally advanced CC. As the tumor responded to the concurrent chemoradiotherapy with capecitabine and cisplatin, serum calcium level was normalized. However, according to the disease progression, he suffered recurrence of HHM and he expired approximately one year after initial diagnosis. A 68-year-old male who presented with abdominal pain was diagnosed with metastatic CC. After the eighth cycle of gemcitabine and cisplatin, progression of the disease was found with HHM. He was treated with the best supportive care, until his demise approximately one month after the diagnosis of HHM. We report on two cases of HHM associated with CC that demonstrate strong correlation between hypercalcemia and disease burden.ope

    ์ˆ˜ํ‰ ๋งค๋ณต๋œ ์ƒ์•… ์ค‘์ ˆ์น˜์˜ ๊ต์ •์  ๊ฒฌ์ธ: ์ฆ๋ก€ ๋ณด๊ณ 

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    Maxillary central incisor impactions occur infrequently. Their origins include various local causes, such as odontoma, supernumerary teeth, space loss, and disturbances in the eruption path, also trauma and apical follicular cysts. Impacted teeth can cause serious dental and aesthetic difficulties as well as psychological problems especially in anterior regions. Although the impaction of maxillary incisor occurs less frequently than that of the maxillary canine, it is of concern to parents during the early mixed dentition stage because of the uneruption of the tooth. Forced eruption of impacted teeth should be considered in young patients because this technique can lead to suitable results from a periodontal, occlusal, and esthetic perspective at an earlier stage better than with other treatment options. This report presents the surgical and orthodontic treatment of cases with horizontally impacted and dilacerated maxillary central incisors. For each patient, we used the closed eruption method, placed an attachment on the impacted tooth on surgery, and fully closed the flap. Traction was applied immediately. The impacted tooth erupts through the healed tissue in a manner resembling normal eruption

    ์‹ฌ์‹ค ์ค‘๊ฒฉ ๊ฒฐ์†์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ์—ผ์„ฑ ์‹ฌ๋‚ด๋ง‰์—ผ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์น˜๊ณผ์น˜๋ฃŒ

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    Infective endocarditis is a life-threatening disease, although it is relatively uncommon. Substantial morbidity and mortality result from this infection. Therefore, primary prevention of endocarditis whenever possible is very important. The American Heart Association updated recommendations for the prevention of infective endocarditis in individuals at risk for this disease in 1997. But, utilization of antibiotic prophylaxis for patients at risk does not provide absolute immunity from infection. This report presents the case of infective endocarditis that occurred in spite of appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis in the ventricular septal defect(VSD) patient

    ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์—์„œ ํ•จ์น˜์„ฑ ๋‚ญ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋œ ๋งค๋ณต ์†Œ๊ตฌ์น˜์™€ ๋Œ€๊ตฌ์น˜์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ

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    Tooth impaction is a frequently observed eruption anomaly in pediatric dental practice. Young patients with impacted or unerupted teeth have more prediction for dentigerous cyst formation. Dentigerous cyst presents radiographic features, unilocular or multilocular radioluscency. Cysts occur most frequently in the premolar region except third molar. Dentigerous cysts can grow to a considerable size, and large cysts may be associated with a painless expansion of the bone in the involved area. Extensive lesions may result in facial asymmetry, osseous destruction, root resorption of proximal teeth and displacement of associated tooth. The nature of the causative tooth influences the type of surgical treatment required for the dentigerous cyst. If the cyst is associated with a supernumerary or wisdom tooth, complete enucleation of the cyst along with extraction of tooth may be the first treatment choice. Otherwise, preservation of the associated teeth should be considered to prevent a young patient from psychological and mental trauma because of the loss of tooth. We should consider the degree of tooth displacement, osseous destruction and growth pattern of oromaxillofacial area when planning treatment. Thus a proper and logical treatment planning can help a proper growth and development of oromaxillofacial area and can save the patient from a psychological and mental trauma. This report describes 4 cases of the management of impacted premolars and molars associated with dentigerous cysts in children

    Comparison of CT-Determined Pulmonary Artery Diameter, Aortic Diameter, and Their Ratio in Healthy and Diverse Clinical Conditions

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    BACKGROUND: The main pulmonary artery diameter (mPA), aortic diameter (Ao), and the mPA/Ao ratio, easily measured using chest computed tomography (CT), provide information that enables the diagnosis and evaluation of cardiopulmonary diseases. Here, we used CT to determine the sex- and age-specific distribution of normal reference values for mPA, Ao, and mPA/Ao ratio in an adult Korean population. METHODS: Data from non-contrast, ECG-gated, coronary-calcium-scoring CT images of 2,547 individuals who visited the Health Screening Center of the Severance Hospital were analyzed. Healthy individuals (n = 813) included those who do not have hypertension, diabetes, asthma, obstructive lung disease, ischemic heart disease, stroke, smoking, obesity, and abnormal CT findings. Both mPA and Ao were measured at the level of bifurcation of the main pulmonary artery. RESULTS: The mean mPA and Ao were 25.9 mm and 30.0 mm in healthy participants, respectively, while the mean mPA/Ao ratio was 0.87. Medical conditions associated with a larger mPA were male, obesity, smoking history, hypertension, and diabetes. A larger mPA/Ao ratio was associated with female, the obese, non-smoker, normotensive, and normal serum level of lipids, while a smaller mPA/Ao ratio was associated with older age. In healthy individuals, the 90th percentile sex-specific mPA, Ao, and mPA/Ao ratio were, 31.3 mm (95% CI 29.9-32.2), 36.8 mm (95% CI 35.7-37.5), and 1.05 (95% CI 0.99-1.07) in males, and 29.6 mm (95% CI 29.1-30.2), 34.5 mm (95% CI 34.1-34.9), and 1.03 (95% CI 1.02-1.06) in females, respectively. CONCLUSION: In the Korean population, the mean mPA reference values in male and female were 26.5 mm and 25.8 mm, respectively, while the mean mPA/Ao ratio was 0.87. These values were influenced by a variety of underlying medical conditions.ope
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