The maxim of Tsinghua University and the education of universal geniuses

【中文文摘】当年清华国学研究院的梁启超先生提出以“自强不息 ,厚德载物”作为清华校训。从此 ,这一校训激励了一代又一代清华人自强不息 ,朝着品学兼优的方向发展。在“通识为本 ,专识为末”的通才教育思想指导下 ,清华为国家造就了一大批栋梁之才。今天我们通过对清华校训及清华教育宗旨的进一步领悟 ,来探讨通才教育的真谛 ,探讨今天大学及大学教育的真正意义 ,无疑有助于我们搞好高等教育事业 【英文文摘】Mr.Liang Qi-chao from National Affairs Research Institute,Tsinghua University once put forward the maxim of Tsinghua:Make unremitting efforts to improve oneself,Improve one′s morality to build the country.From then on,this maxim has been inspiring generations of Tsinghua students to strive constantly to be excellent both morally and academically.Under the guidance of the thought of universal geniuses education:Universal knowledge is basic,specialized knowledge next.Tsinghua has trained a large number of graduates who turned to be the pillars of the state. Now , through the understanding of the maxim of Tsinghua ,we are probing into the truth of universal geniuses education ,higher education and the significance of higher education ,which will undoubtedly improve higher education

城市建设中的土地污染和光污染的危害性与防治对策

【中文文摘】本文作者主要探讨了现在城市建设中往往被忽视的两种污染 ,即土地污染和光污染 ,指出了其危害性及防治对策。河南省科技攻关项目( 981140 2 10 )

STUDY ON THE CONSTITUTION AND DEVELOPMENT SURVEY OF INTELLIGENT BUILDING

【中文文摘】探讨了智能大厦（ＩＢ）的构成体系及其相互关系；同时，还研究了ＩＢ的发展概况及其与经济发展的制约关系。 【英文文摘】The constitution and development survey of intelligent building are discussed simultaneously,the restrict relation between intelligent building and economy development is researched in this thesis河南省科技攻关项

Testing System of Phosphor Excited by Blue LED Based on Integral Sphere

为尽可能反映荧光粉在实际工作条件下的发光性质,准确测量荧光粉的发光性能,提出了一种基于积分球的荧光粉发光性能测试系统。该系统采用蓝光lEd作为激发光源,配置有TEC控温系统对光源有效实施控温,可提供持续稳定的激发荧光粉发光。采用出光筒控制光源方向和积分球收集光线,能有效防止能量损失,提高测试的精确性。通过实验得到了不同强度蓝光激发下的荧光粉光谱功率分布以及发光效能、量子效率、光转换效率等参数的变化规律。随着驱动电流的增大,由于蓝光芯片内量子限制斯塔克效应,从而导致蓝光峰值波长出现小幅度的蓝移。三种效率在小电流下基本呈线性下降趋势,且在大电流下趋于平缓。实验结果表明,该系统及方法可以有效地评价实际lEd芯片工作状态下的荧光粉发光性能。A testing system for phosphor luminous characteristics based on integral sphere is proposed so as to show luminous characteristics of phosphor at actual operation circumstances and measure its luminous characteristics accurately.Blue LED is used as an excited source in the system.TEC temperature control system is used to control the temperature of the source effectively.And continuous and stable excited light is provided to excite phosphor illumining.Energy loss is prevented effectively and testing accuracy is enhanced for the direction of source controlled by a light tube and light ray collected by integral sphere.Based on experiments,spectrum power distributions of phosphor excited by blue light with difference light strength and variation rules of parameters such as luminous efficiency,quantum efficiency and light conversion efficiency are got.With the increasing of driving current,a small blue shift appears in blue light peak wavelength for quantum confined Stark effect in blue light chip.Three kinds of efficiency almost show linear decline trend at low current and then approach to constant at high current.Experimental results show that luminous characteristics of phosphor on real LED chip at operation state can be evaluated effectively by the system and method.国家自然科学基金项目(11104230); 福建省重点科技项目(2011H6025;2012H0039

Effect of rich organic matter on Paraprionospio pinnata (Polychaeta:Spionidae) on Futian tidal flat in Shenzhen Bay

根据1999年1月至2002年10月在深圳湾福田潮滩A、D、E三个断面获得的大型底栖动物奇异稚齿虫(Paraprionospiopinnata)和有机质数据,分析了深圳湾福田潮滩奇异稚齿虫对有机质含量的效应特征。结果表明,深圳湾福田潮滩奇异稚齿虫有明显的季节变化,即3、4月密度高,形成全年的高峰期,9、10月密度低,形成全年低谷期。奇异稚齿虫密度随着有机质含量的增加逐渐降低,前者密度和生物量大小是:A>D>E,而有机质大小也是:AD>E.The distribution of organic matter content is also A<D<E.There is negative correlation between density of P.pinnata and organic matter content.The higher organic matter is,the lower density and biomass of P.pinnata are

海洋浮游植物自动分析和识别技术

浮游植物是海洋生态系统的初级生产者,对其种类的分类鉴定和定量分析是海洋科学研究和应用的基础性工作.传统的分析方法主要采用显微镜下的人工鉴定和定量计数.为了适应海洋科学和环境监测中的快速检测的需要,解决目前显微镜人工鉴定中存在的专业水平要求高、分类人员断层、耗时等问题,至今已有不少学者对各种浮游植物自动分析和识别方法进行了研究,包括基于藻细胞形态的与计算机技术相结合的图像法,基于藻类色素组成的吸光光度法、荧光分光光度法和高压液相色谱法,基于藻细胞大小、色素组成、DNA等的流式细胞仪法,基于细胞基因系列的分子探针法等.本文对这些方法的原理、发展动态、优缺点等进行了综述.认为基于藻细胞形态的浮游植物显微图像自动识别技术,由于其综合了现代仪器自动分析和传统显微分类方法的优点,是浮游植物自动识别的一种理想和实用的方法,将有很好的应用前景

The Difference of Luminous Performance Between Traditional Phosphor Packaging LED and Remote Phosphor LED

研究了传统白光lEd与蓝光激发的球冠形远程荧光粉白光lEd在不同电流、不同热沉温度下的发光性能,并对其机理差异展开了探讨。实验结果表明:随热沉温度和驱动电流的上升,传统白光lEd的量子效率和电光转换效率急剧下降,并导致其y/b比(yEllOW/bluE rATIO)下降,相关色温上升。而在远程荧光粉白光lEd中,其量子效率、光转换效率和相关色温在相同实验条件下变化幅度都较小。由光强空间分布和y/b比空间分布可知,远程荧光粉白光lEd的光强分布呈类似蝠翼分布,且y/b比空间均匀性远大于传统白光lEd。Under different drive current and heat sink temperature,luminous performances as well as physical mechanisms were studied for both traditional phosphor-dispensing packaging white LED and blue light-converting hemisphere remote phosphor LEDs.With the increase of the heat sink temperature and the drive currents,the quantum efficiency and light conversion efficiency in the traditional phosphor-dispensing packaging white LED drop rapidly,which is responsible for the decrease of Y/B ratio(Yellow/Blue Ratio) and the apparent increase of CCT(correlated color temperature).However,the parameters of quantum efficiency,light conversion efficiency and CCT in blue light-converting hemisphere remote-phosphor packaging LEDs have little change under the same experimental conditions.In addition,the remote phosphor LEDs exhibit a batwing spatial luminous intensity distribution and the spatial Y/B ratio distribution is much more homogeneous compared with the traditional phosphor-dispensing packaging white LED.国家自然科学基金(11104230;61102030); 福建省产学研重大科技项目(2011H6025;2013H6024); 福建省重点科技项目(2012H0039)资

Understanding large plastic deformation of SiC nanowires at room temperature

Tensile behaviors of SiC [111] nanowires with various possible microstructures have been investigated by molecular-dynamics simulations. The results show that the large plastic deformation in these nanowires is induced by the anti-parallel sliding of 3C grains along an ultra- thin intergranular amorphous film parallel to the (11¯1) plane and inclined at an angle of 19.47◦ with respect to the nanowire axis. The resulting large plastic deformation of SiC nanowires at room temperature is attributed to the stretching, breaking and re-forming of Si–C bonds in the intergranular amorphous film, which is also evident from the sawtooth jumps in the stress-strain response

类泛素蛋白及其中文命名

泛素家族包括泛素及类泛素蛋白,约20种成员蛋白.近年来,泛素家族领域取得了迅猛发展,并已与生物学及医学研究的各个领域相互交叉.泛素家族介导的蛋白质降解和细胞自噬机制的发现分别于2004和2016年获得诺贝尔奖.但是,类泛素蛋白并没有统一规范的中文译名. 2018年4月9日在苏州召开的《泛素家族介导的蛋白质降解和细胞自噬》专著的编委会上,部分作者讨论了类泛素蛋白的中文命名问题,并在随后的\"泛素家族、自噬与疾病\"(Ubiquitinfamily,autophagy anddiseases)苏州会议上提出了类泛素蛋白中文翻译草案,此草案在参加该会议的国内学者及海外华人学者间取得了高度共识.冷泉港亚洲\"泛素家族、自噬与疾病\"苏州会议是由美国冷泉港实验室主办、两年一度、面向全球的英文会议.该会议在海内外华人学者中具有广泛影响,因此,参会华人学者的意见具有一定的代表性.本文介绍了10个类别的类泛素蛋白的中文命名,系统总结了它们的结构特点,并比较了参与各种类泛素化修饰的酶和它们的生物学功能.文章由45名从事该领域研究的专家合作撰写,其中包括中国工程院院士1名,相关学者4名,长江学者3名,国家杰出青年科学基金获得者18名和美国知名高校华人教授4名.他们绝大多数是参加编写即将由科学出版社出版的专著《泛素家族介导的蛋白质降解和细胞自噬》的专家

Analysis of buckling deformation of positive plates during formation at low temperature

[中文文摘]在低温条件蓄电池生产中,极板化成时经常产生正极板弯曲的现象。对此进行了研究,发现在低温下,电化学反应形成了致密的结晶,很难形成颗粒状的活性物质和分布均匀的孔隙,产生的应力无法释放;低温下化成的极板内部和极板外部的成分差异很大,也是产生应力的因素之一,这些应力导致了极板的变形。[英文文摘]During battery production at low temperature, buckling phenomenon of positive plates often appeared due to the formation of plates. Research showed that electrochemical reaction formed the dense crystals at low temperature. It is difficult to form the granular active materials and uniform distributed porosity, so that the resulted stress could not be released. During formation at low temperature, the difference of components between the internal and external plates was remarkable. This was also one of the factors of resulting in stress which lead to the deformation of plates