Direct Electrochemical Preparation of Nickel Complexes

采用金属镍为“牺牲”阳极 ,首次在无隔膜电解槽中 ,电化学溶解金属镍一步制备了纳米NiO前驱体Ni(OEt) 2 ,Ni(OBu) 2 ,Ni(OEt) 2 (acac) 2 ,Ni(OBu) 2 (acac) 2 [acac为乙酰丙酮基 ].产物通过红外光谱 (FT IR)、拉曼光谱 (Ramanspectrum)进行表征 .同时讨论了影响电合成镍醇盐及其配合物的关键因素 .实验表明 ,防止阳极钝化 ,温度控制在30～ 40℃ ,采用有机胺溴化物为导电盐 ,可以提高电合成效率Nickel complexes were directly prepared by electrochemical dissolution of nickel in non-aqueous media. The products were characterized by FT-IR spectrum and Raman spectrum. The influence of temperature and conductive additives on product yield was also investigated. The experiments at the temperature under 30～40 ℃ with R 4NBr as a conductive additive gave improve yields. The study showed that the direct electrochemical preparation of nickel complexes had high current efficiency and electrolysis yield. These nickel complexes had high purity and could be directly used as precursor of nanometer oxides.国家自然科学基金 (No .2 98730 39);; 安徽省自然科学基金 (No.0 0 0 46 112 );; 安徽省教育委员会自然科学基金资助项

Effect of Ni~(2+) and Sn~(2+) Modified SO_4~(2-)/ZrO_2 Solid Super-Acid Catalysts on Visbreaking of Heavy Petroleum Oil

稠油黏度高的特性使其开采难度较大。为降低胜利油田稠油的黏度,制备了金属离子(Ni2+和Sn2+)改性的SO42-/ZrO2固体超强酸催化剂,考察了这两种催化剂对稠油的降黏性能。实验结果表明,Ni2+和Sn2+改性的SO24-/ZrO2固体超强酸催化剂能在较低的温度下催化稠油降黏,在反应温度240℃、压力3~4MPa、反应时间24h、稠油与催化剂质量比100∶0.05的条件下,稠油的黏度由0.319Pa.s分别降至0.135Pa.s和0.163Pa.s,降黏率达57.7%和48.9%。反应后,稠油中的饱和烃含量增加,芳烃、胶质和沥青质含量减少,杂原子S和N的含量降低。同时发现,水的存在对稠油降黏不利。SO2-4/ZrO2 solid super-acid catalysts(SZ) separately doped with Ni2+ and Sn2+(Ni2+/SZ,Sn2+/SZ) were prepared for catalytic visbreaking of heavy petroleum oil from Shengli oil field.The visbreaking reactions were carried out under conditions of 240 ℃,3-4 MPa,mass ratio of heavy petroleum oil to catalyst 100 ∶0.05 and reaction time 24 h.The effect of water content on viscosity change of heavy petroleum oil was also investigated.Both the catalysts can promote thermolysis of heavy petroleum oil,and make the viscosity dropping from 0.319 Pa·s to 0.135 Pa·s(Ni2+/SZ) and 0.163 Pa·s(Sn2+/SZ),respectively.The visbreaking rates are 57.7% and 48.9% correspondingly.After reactions,content of saturated hydrocarbons increases and contents of aromatics,resin and asphaltene decrease.At the same time,sulfur and nitrogen contents in heavy petroleum oil also reduce.The presence of water is disadvantageous to visbreaking of heavy petroleum oil.国家"973"计划项目(2004CB217805

基于~1H-NMR的中西药干预Wilson病铜负荷大鼠肝损伤代谢组学研究

目的从代谢组学角度探讨中西药对Wilson病(WD)铜负荷大鼠模型肝损伤代谢网络的干预机制。方法 105只大鼠按照随机数字表分为7组,每组15只,分别为对照组、模型组、肝豆灵组、青霉胺组、谷胱甘肽组、SB203580组、SB203580肝豆灵组,按照文献方法复制Wilson病铜负荷大鼠模型,共计12周。从第7周开始,各干预组予以等效剂量相应药物,对照组和模型组予以等容量生理盐水灌胃,直至模型复制结束。采用~1H-NMR代谢组学技术结合多元统计方法,阐述Wilson病肝损伤的肝脏代谢轮廓变化及分析不同治法对其生物标志物的干预作用。结果 WD铜负荷大鼠模型肝脏发生明显纤维化改变,不同方法干预后肝纤维化可不同程度减轻。WD铜负荷大鼠模型肝脏酮体代谢含量升高,肌酸含量下降;青霉胺干预后,谷胱甘肽、天冬氨酸盐、肌酸、氨基酸、缬氨酸、酪氨酸、组氨酸、嘧啶、嘌呤含量上升;SB203580肝豆灵组,肌酸上升,甲胺下降;谷胱甘肽及SB203580组,谷胱甘肽、缬氨酸、组氨酸、嘧啶、嘌呤含量上升。结论中西医不同干预方法影响WD铜负荷大鼠肝脏组织谷胱甘肽、肌酸、酮体、氨基酸、嘧啶、嘌呤代谢,并有调节以上小分子物质代谢紊乱的作用,进而对WD铜负荷大鼠肝损伤有一定的修复作用。国家自然科学基金面上项目(No.81774299)安徽省自然科学基金面上项目(No.170805MH199)~

Electrochemical synthesis of zinc complexes and preparation of nano-sized ZnO

Zinc complexes were directly prepared by using zinc metal as sacrificing anode in a cell without separating the cathode and anode spaces. The products were characterized by using FT-IR, NMR and Raman spectroscopy. The influence of temperature and conductive additives on product yield was also investigated. The study shows that direct electrochemical preparation of zinc complexes such as Zn(acac)(2), Zn(OEt)(2) (acac)(2) and Zn(OBu)(2)(acac)(2) has high current efficiency and electrolysis yield than that of Zn(OR)(2). Furthermore, these zinc complexes have high purity and can be directly used as sol-gel precursor for preparation of nanometer ZnO. Experimental results show that controlling temperature in the range of 50 similar to 60 degreesC, selecting R4NBr as conductive additives and preventing zinc anode from being covered by electrochemical products can improve product yield. The study also shows that nano-sized ZnO prepared by this method has monoclinic structure with a narrow size distribution of 5-10 nm

准脆性材料损伤破坏的细宏观联结分析

准脆性材料在外力作用下不仅产生应力与变形,而且还会内部缺陷或微裂纹随着变化和出现宏观裂缝扩展.根据材料的微细观测,通过固体力学原理建立模型分析其微裂纹与宏观裂缝之间的关联.材料中宏观裂缝端部通常存在损伤区,且在该区内存在许多相对微小缺陷或微裂纹,从而使得材料局部变形增加而力量减弱.若把该损伤带视为裂缝一部分,那么在该虚拟裂缝两岸上将存在分布黏聚力;虚拟裂缝两岸的相对位移将是微裂纹区变形及扩展的综合体现.为此,对包含有细观裂纹的代表性体积单元进行力学计算,然后将其嵌入到宏观裂缝端部损伤带的变形计算中,以探寻固体失效的细观与宏观尺度力学分析的联结,并与实测数据相对比

A NEW TYPE FEASIBLE QP-FREE ALGORITHM FOR INEQUALITY CONSTRAINED OPTIMIZATION

本文对非线性不等式约束优化问题提出了一个新的可行QP-free算法.新算法保存了现有算法的优点,并具有以下特性:(1)算法每次迭代只需求解三个具有相同系数矩阵的线性方程组,计算量小;(2)可行下降方向只需通过求解一个线性方程组即可获得,克服了以往分别求解两个线性方程组获得下降方向和可行方向,然后再做凸组合的困难;(3)迭代点均为可行点,并不要求是严格内点;(4)算法中采用了试探性线搜索,可以进一步减少计算量;(5)算法中参数很少,数值试验表明算法具有较好的数值效果和较强的稳定性.国家自然科学基金(71061002,11171250);广西自然科学基金(2011GXNSFD018022);广西民族大学科研基金(2011MDYB035)资助项

UAV Path Planning in 3D Based on Autonomous Learning Framework

提出一种基于自主学习框架的无人机三维路径规划方法。该自主学习框架由知识学习、知识检索和在线更新三部分组成。在该框架下，无人机在线路径规划时首先从过去的规划经验中提取控制量直接用于指导当前机器人的行动，另一方面，如果过去的规划经验不充分，可以在线启动常规三维路径规划算法，实时计算机器人的控制量，控制机器人行动的同时更新知识库。此外，分别采用分层判别回归算法(IHDR)和KD 树方法建立了路径规划知识库，通过大量仿真结果对比，基于IHDR 方法具有更好的实时性

氮化钛、碳化钛、低价钛合量、二氧化钛物相分析的研究

本工作研究了钛精矿氮化、碳化产品中钛化物的物相分析。试料中钛化物主要为氮化钛(TiN)、碳化钛(TiC)、碳氮化钛、钛的各种氧化物(TiO_2、Ti_3O_5、Ti_2O_3、TiO)、钛铁矿等。氮化钛、碳化钛的物相分析一般为两种方法:一是通过测定其中氮或碳,确定氮化钛、碳化钛的含量。二是使各种钛化物彼此分离,分别测定钛,确定其各组分含量。金属试料中钛化物的物相分析多用此法。我们采用选择性溶解法。有关氮化钛、碳化钛、各种氧化物,在一些溶剂及它们混合物中的稳定性已有介绍。但由于钛化物的状态及实验条件不同,结论并非一致。因此,本实验室制备了几种钛化物以及光谱纯二氧化钛、金红石、碳化钛、金属钛试剂进行了试验,建立了氮化钛、碳化钛、低价钛(TiO、Ti_2O_3、黑钛石)合量以及二氧化钛的测定方法