Advances in Biotechnological Studies of Sweet Potato

新兴的生物技术为甘薯这一古老的农作物带来了新的发展契机。细胞大规模培养、体细胞融合、基因转导等技术的研究和应用 ,可望从根本上改变甘薯传统的生产和育种模式。本文综合近年来国内外甘薯体细胞胚胎发生、原生质体培养和基因工程等方面的研究进展 ,对影响甘薯体胚发生体系及原生质体再生体系建立的诸多因素进行了详细论述 ,讨论了甘薯基因工程研究的应用潜力和目前存在的一些问题。The development of biotechnology has brought new opportunities for development of crop production of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas Lam.).The application of the techniques of large_scale cell culture, somatic cell fusion and gene transformation will greatly change the traditional mode of production and breeding of sweet potato.The current advances in somatic embryogenesis, protoplast culture and gene engineering of sweet potato are reviewed in detail.The potential applications of biotechnology in sweet potato and some problems are discussed

Studies on Molecular Mechanism of Male Sterility in Plants

本文概述了植物雄性核不育基因的分子标记及其定位 ,综述了植物细胞质雄性不育中不育系与保持系在叶绿体和线粒体基因组的结构、转录和翻译产物方面的差异以及和雄性不育之间的可能关系 ,以及恢复系中的恢复基因分子水平的研究现状 ;讨论了环境条件如光周期和温度对雄性不育的影响在分子水平上的研究现状 ,指出了植物雄性不育基因研究方面存在的问题和解决的思路。This paper briefly describes the current status of studies on the molecular marker and localization of the genie male sterile genes, studies on the relationships between mtDNA structure,transcription and translation and cytoplasmic male sterility, and the relationship between cpDNAstructure, transcription and translation and cytoplasmic male sterility. The relation between malesterility and environmental factors is discussed. The problems and approaches regarding plant malesterility studies are pointed out.国家自然科学基金资助!( 3 9870 4 61 );; 中国博士后科学基金资助项

Biological Effects of Stevia rebaudianum Induced by Carbon Ion Implantation

对甜菊 (SteviarebaudianumBertoni)种子注入能量为 75keV、剂量为 10 14 /cm2 的碳离子 ,研究其种子萌发期产生的一系列生物学效应。注入碳离子的种子萌发率略高于对照组 ,但种苗的成活率比对照组低 (P <0 .0 2 )。运用假设检验法分析 ,结果表明注入离子的种子出苗株高显著高于对照组 (P <0 .0 1)。萌发 4d的处理组 ,叶片细胞壁增厚 ,胞间连丝扩大 ,内有高电子密度的物质沉积 ,细胞质膜皱折 ,膜上有高电子密度的沉积颗粒 ,质膜向细胞壁方向突起 ,质膜上的颗粒通过胞间连丝转移或沉积于细胞壁上。上述现象可能与注入离子的过壁运输有关 ,也可能与胼胝质的积累有关。此外 ,实验组植物的叶绿体发达 ,片层结构明显多于对照组 ,两个质体发生中心同时存在于同一个叶绿体内 ;线粒体丰富 ,内嵴发达 ;微体内可见典型的晶格排列结构。这些结果表明 ,离子注入种子以后 ,种子萌发期的合成代谢和呼吸代谢能力明显强于对照组The biological effects during seed germination were investigated after the dry seeds of Stevia rebaudianum Bertoni were implanted with carbon ion beam of 75 keV and 10 14 ions/cm 2. The results showed that the germination rate of carbon ion implanted seeds was slightly higher than that of the control, but the survival rate of the treated seedlings, on the contrary, was lower than that of the control (P<0.02), while the height of the treated seedlings was significantly higher than that of the control (P<0.01). On the 4th day after germination, the leaf cell wall in the treated group was thick, some high electron_dense substance deposited in the enlarged plasmodesma; Cell membrane creased with high electron_dense granules deposited on it. The plasma membrane protruded towards cell wall, and the granules shifted via plasmodesma or deposited onto cell wall. These phenomena may be related to the conveyance of implanted ions across cell wall, or be related to the accumulation of callose. In addition, the implantation of carbon ions could increase the lamellae of the chloroplast and cause high development of the chloroplast which sometimes contained two plastid centers in an individual chloroplast. Also, the highly developed cristae, abundant mitochondria and typical crystalloid structure in microbody could be found. All these results indicated that the anabolic and catabolic activities in the seedlings implanted with carbon ions before germination were obviously more active than those in the controls.TheNationalKeyProjectofInterdiscipline ( 19890 3 0 0

蓝色花的基因工程

介绍了近 10年来蓝色花花色素复合体与蓝花基因工程的研究进展

毛细管区带电泳法测定低卡路里食品中甜菊苷

厦门大学固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室基金资助项

ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDIES ON MEMBRANED INCLUSIONS IN THE CELLS of MERISTEMATIC REGIONS of STEVIA REBAUDIANA CALLUS

生长在分化培养基上的甜菊（STEVTTIrEbAudIAnA）愈伤组织分生区细胞中存在双膜和多膜内含物。电镜观察表明，这些膜内含物是由一圈或多圈呈同心圆或卷绕状排列的内质网包围部分细胞质而形成的。双膜内含物内外层膜的靠细胞质表面有核糖体附着，而多膜内含物仅在其最外层储油的外膜上偶有少量核糖体附着。随着细胞液泡化程度的提高，多膜内含物通过液泡膜内陷而转移到液池中或通过消化其中被包围的细胞质及内膜而转化为小液泡。此外，还观察到内质网潴泡膨大直接形成小池，有时在其外表面附有核糖体，且通过界膜的局部内陷吞噬部分细胞质。结果表明，某些内质网参与了对部分细胞质的分隔及继后的降解，而这对于甜菊愈伤组织器官分化前的细胞改建中细胞质组分的正常更新可能是必需的。The presence of both double and multiple membraned inclusions were observed inthe cells From the meristematic regions Formed in callus cultures of Stevia rebaudiana ondiFFerentiating medium.It was Found that these membraned inclusions appear to be de-rived From the endoplasmic reticulum elements which arrange themselves in a multiple-concentric or convoluted manner around portions of cytop1asm or Form a ring enclosingareas of cytoplasm.The doublemembraned inclusions have ribosomes attached to the cy-toplasmic surFaces of both the outer and the inner membranes, while the multimem-braned inclusions show a Few ribosomes attached occasionally to the outer membrane ofthe outermost cisterna.As cellular vacuolation progresses,the multi-membraned inclu-sions are transFerred to the enlarging vacuoles by tonoplast invagination or transFormed into small vacuoles by the digestion of the sequestered cytoplasm and inner membranes.In addition,vesicles can be Formed directly by the dilation of the endoplasmic reticulumcisternae,which,in some cases,bear ribosomes on the outer surFace and engulF a portionof cytoplasm by local invagination of the limiting membrane.The results indicate thatcertain endoplasmic reticulum cisternae are engaged in the sequestration and subsequentdigestion of cytop1asm which may be required For the normal turnover of cytoplasmiccomponents in the cellular remodeling which precede organ diFFerentiation in the cul-tured callus of Stevia rebaudiana

Comparison of Polymorphism of RFLP, RAPD and AFLP in Rice Nongken 58S and 1514

本文用RFLP、RAPD和AFLP三种分子标记技术对农垦 58SX1 51 4组合及其F2 极性集团进行了分析 ,比较了它们多态性和阳性的比率 ,结果显示 ,三种分子标记的多态性和与目的基因连锁的阳性比率分别为 1 9.93% ,5.2 3% ;1 1 .1 7% ,0 .76%和 86.47% ,7.52 %。AFLP的多态性比率和阳性比率均为最高。分析探讨了三种分子标记技术的优缺点及其在区间高分辨率作图和筛选与目的基因连锁标记中的运用RFLP, RAPD and AFLP analysis were performed between Nongken 58S and 1514, two varieties of rice, and their bulked extremes of F 2. The rate of polymorphism and positive marker linked to target gene was compared. The results indicated that the rates of polymorphism and positive marker of RFLP, RAPD and AFLP are 19.93%, 5.23%;11.17%, 0.76% and 86.47%, 7.52%, respectively. The rate of polymorphism and positive marker of AFLP is highest in the three kinds of molecular marker systems. It was discussed that the advantages and disadvantages, and application of the three kinds of molecular marker systems in constructing a high resolution map of a specific chromosome region and selecting linkage markers to target gene

Effects of Low Energy Carbon Ion and Nitrogen Ion Implantation on Germinant Rate, Growth Weight and Peroxidase of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni

以经过碳、氮 (75× 1 0 14 ke V/ cm2 )离子注入处理后的甜叶菊 (Stevia rebaudianaBertoni)种子为材料 ,研究低能离子注入对甜叶菊萌发率、生长量及过氧化物同工酶的影响。结果表明 :(1 )萌发期处理组的萌发率低于对照 ,萌发延迟 ,幼苗成活率不及对照组 ;萌发后期处理组的相对生长量、过氧化物酶活性高于对照组。 (2 )幼苗移至实验地种植后 ,处理组幼苗长势明显优于未处理组 ,处理组 60 d蕾株比明显高于对照组。 (3)过氧化物酶同工酶谱分析发现 ,对照组具有完整 6条基本带的植株数为 1 2 ,具有完整 B1、B2基本带的植株数为 2 0 ;C+处理组分别为 5和 1 1 ,N+处理组分别为 5和 6。统计发现低能离子的注入影响最大的是同工酶谱 B1、B2带。 N+处理组生物学负效应大于 C+处理组The paper reports the effects of low energy Carbon and Nitrogen ion (75×10 14 keV/cm 2 )implantation into S. rebaudiana seeds.on germinant rate, relative growth weight and peroxidase of S. rebaudiana. The results showed: (1)The seed germinant rates were lower and seeding servival rates and deve lopment speeds were slower in the treated groups than those in the control in the initial period of seed germinating;but in the late period of seed germinating the relative growth weight and peroxidase activity were higher in treated groups than those in the control.(2)When seedings were transplanted into experimental field the growth and development were speeded up in treated groups than that in the control.The rate of flower bud plants were higher in treated groups than that in the control. (3)The isozymogram of peroxidase by PAGE showed that there were 12 plants which had 1～6 basic bands and 20 plants which had B1,B2 bands in the control,but only there were 5 plants and 11 plants, respectively, in C + treated groups,and there were 5 plants and 6 plants, respectively, in N + treated groups. The result also showed there were more negative effects by ion implantation into S. rebaudiana in N + treated groups than those in C + treated groups in the periods of seed germinating and plant growth.国家基金委重大项目资助课题!( 1 9890 30 0