Study on Pension Methods and its Influential Factors among the Elderly by Using Andersen Behavior Model

目的了解厦门市老年人养老意愿及其影响因素,为明确养老服务需求及保障策略提供循证依据。方法以Andersen行为模型为指导,基于厦门市14292名; 老年人的面对面问卷调查,卡方检验分析人群分布差异,采用多分类; logistic回归模型从倾向性因素、使能因素、需求性因素分析老年人养老意愿的影响因素。结果被调查的老年人中选择居家养老最多,占86.37%,其; 次是社区居家养老(10.77%)和机构养老(2.86%)。受教育年限越长、失能程度越高、居住在农村的老年人更倾向于社会化养老,OR值均大于1(P; <0.01);子女数越多、与直系亲属居住、入不敷出的老年人更倾向居家养老,OR值均小于1(P; <0.01)。从影响因素回归模型中剔除使能因素后-2LL、Cox & Snell R2和Nagelkerke; R2的变化值比剔除倾向性因素和需求性因素大。结论厦门市老年人养老意愿以居家养老为主,不同特征老年群体的养老意愿不同。养老意愿受多种因素影响,其中; 使能因素影响最大。Objective To learn about the selection of pension methods of the elderly; in Xiamen city and provide evidences based on the demand of pension; services and security strategies. Methods According to the Andersen; behavior model, based on the data of 14292 old people in Xiamen,this; study analyzes the population distribution difference using Chi - square; analysis, and the influential factors of pension methods by building; Logistic Regression Analysis Model. Results The percentages of; preferences to home care,community care andinstitutional care are 86.; 37%,10. 77% and 2. 86% respectively. The OR of preference to social; pension,for the elderly with characteristics of higher education; level,lower level of self - care ability,habitat in countryside are over; 1 (P < 0. 01). The OR of preference to home care,for the elderly with; characteristics of more children, living with families,lower level of; salary are less than 1(P < 0. 01). The changes of - 2LL,Cox & Snell R2; and Nagelkerke R2 are bigger when enablin gresource factors are excluded; from the regression model than predisposing factors and needs factors.; Conclusion Conclusion Home care is the main preference of pension; methods for the elderly in Xiamen City. The elderly with different; characteristics have different preferences for pension methods. The; preferences for pension methods are influenced by many factors,among; which enabling resource factors show the bigger influence.国家自然科学基金青年项目; 国家自然科学基金项

Analysis on Influential Factors of the Preference for Old-age Support among Elder People in Urban and Rural Areas of Xiamen

目的研究城乡老年人养老意愿的影响因素,为优化配置养老资源和提高老年人生活质量提供依据。方法采用多阶段抽样方法对厦门市60岁以上常住老年人进行问卷; 调查,采用多分类logistic回归分析城乡老年人养老意愿影响因素。结果有效调查问卷城区652份、农村622份。城、乡老年人选择家庭养老、社区居; 家养老、机构养老和暂未考虑比例分别为67.5%、18.6%、12.7%、1.2%和71.1%、23.1%、4.7%、1.1%,差异有统计学意义(; P <0.05),且城乡老年人在文化程度、患慢性病、子女是否提供养老费、退休金以及距最近医疗单位的距离等方面分布差异也有统计学意义(P; <0.05)。以家庭养老为参照,城乡,年龄大于80岁者更倾向于机构养老(城、乡的OR(95% CI)分别为3.84(1.845; ~7.99)和3.64(1.07 ~12.47)),距最近医疗单位较远者倾向于社区居家养老(城、乡的OR(95% CI)分别为1.73(1.04; ~2.86)和2.12(1.31; ~3.42))。但城区老年人文化程度较高、退休金较多和子女有提供养老费者更愿意选择非家庭养老,而农村在婚老年人倾向于选择机构养老。结论城乡老年人; 养老意愿均以家庭养老为主,但农村老年人更倾向于社区居家养老,城区老年人更倾向于机构养老,城乡间的经济、文化差异是造成这种差异的主要原因。建议除强; 化家庭养老的功能外,应针对城乡差异合理配置城乡养老资源。Objective To study the influential factors about the preference for; old-age support among the urban and rural elder people,and provide; theoretical basis for optimum allocation of supporting resources along; with greater improvement of life quality for the aged. Methods Based on; the multi-stage sampling method,a survey was conducted among senior; residents older than 60 years old in Xiamen by means of questionnaire.; Chi-square test was used to compare the differences of basic information; between the elderly who lived in the urban and rural areas while; multinomial logistic regression played a role in analyzing the factors; which influenced the old people,s preference for old-age support.; Results 1274 valid questionnaires were obtained, including 652 from; urban and 622 from rural areas. The percentage of elderly people who; would like to live with family support, community-based support at; home,organization support or choice not-considered were 67. 5%,18.; 6%,12. 7% and 1. 2% in urban areas,and as for the countryside those were; 71. 1%,23. 1%,4. 7% and 1. 1%,which were statistically significant (P <; 0. 05). The differences between urban and rural old people were also; statistically significant on the aspects of their education levels,; condition of chronic diseases,pension costs from children,retirement; pension,distance from the nearest medical unit (P < 0. 05). To take; family support as reference,no matter in urban and rural areas,the; elderly older than 80 years old were more likely to choose organization; support;and people who lived far away from the nearest medical unit; would prefer community-based support at home. However,the urban old-aged; with higher education levels,more retirement pension and who got pension; from children were more likely to live without family support,while; rural old people who got married preferred organization support.; Conclusion Family support was the main choice for the elderly from both; urban and rural areas. However,the aging in countryside preferred; community-based support at home and urban old people tended to choose; organization support. The difference of local economy and culture; between urban and rural areas was the key reason. Therefore,apart from; strengthening the function of family support,pension resources should be; appropriately allocated aimed at those differences between urban and; rural areas.国家自然科学基金项目; 厦门大学大学生创新训练项

养老机构老年人生活满意度影响因素的主成分logistic回归研究

目的分析养老机构内老年人生活满意度情况及其影响因素。方法采用整群随机抽样方法,在厦门市13家养老机构抽取230名老年人进行调查,了解养老机构老年人生活满意度状况,并利用主成分logistic回归分析其影响因素。结果获得有效问卷204份。调查显示厦门市养老机构内老年人生活满意度普遍较高。女性、年龄小、文化程度高、日常生活能力和健康自评效果好、与亲人相见频数高、对机构支持信任度高的老年人生活满意度相对较高。结论为提高养老机构老年人生活满意度,积极应对老龄化,老人应理性对待自身健康状况,积极面对生活;亲属应多去看望,给予老人更大的关爱和心理慰藉;养老机构也应大力提高其服务质量,丰富服务内容,给予老年人充分的物质、精神支持。国家自然科学基金(71403229,81573257

2017年厦门金砖会晤期间气象因素与管控措施对空气质量的影响

2017年厦门金砖会晤期间采取了大气污染临时管控措施,使AQI小时值和日均值均达到了双优的预期目标.本文根据管控措施实施的前、中、后阶段,厦门及周边城市大气污染物浓度的变化,对气象因素和人为因素的影响分别进行分析.结果发现,气态污染物对临时管控措施的敏感性最强,SO2和NO2的降幅（39.9%和25.6%）明显高于PM2.5和PM10的降幅（5.5%和4.8%）,台风外围带来的大风和降水可显著改变大气污染物的周期性变化规律.大气PM2.5组成及SO2/NO2、SO【math395z】/NO【math396z】、OC/EC和WSOC/OC等比值变化显示机动车（尤其是柴油货车）是本地区大气污染物的重要来源.控制变量分析显示,厦门金砖会晤期间气象因素对颗粒物和NO2削减的贡献更大（20.3%）,而临时管控措施对SO2的削减效果更明显（23.2%）,且有一半以上（51%～64%）的大气污染物来自外来源输送.国家重点研发计划(No.2016YFC0502901);;国家自然科学基金(No.41471390);;厦门大学校长基金本科生项目(No.20720162006)~

激光熔凝和熔敷在热轧辊强化中的应用

为提高热轧辊寿命对球墨铸铁、白口铸铁热轧辊进行了激光熔凝、熔敷实验研究,并对激光处理效果进行了现场轧制实时寿命评估.研究确认:球墨铸铁、白口铸铁激光熔凝小样的硬度随扫描速度的降低和激光功率的增大而提高.分别按轧钢量、磨损量计算,球墨铸铁、白口铸铁激光熔凝热轧辊寿命分别比原来延长50%和15.6%～23.4%.利用激光熔敷技术在白口铸铁热轧辊上可以成功制备无宏观裂纹、气孔和夹杂存在的镍基合金涂层.现场轧制后表面也无宏观缺陷存在,寿命延长18.7%～37.4%

戊型肝炎病毒中和性单克隆抗体的鉴定

阻断实验发现,用戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)衣壳蛋白重组抗原制备的8株抗HEV单克隆抗体(mAb),分别识别3个构象表位和2个线性表位。用抗体捕获反转录PCR方法证实,其中识别2个构象表位的3个mAb可以直接捕获HEV颗粒,表明这2个表位位于HEV颗粒的外表面。识别这两个表位的mAb8C11和8H3均可中和HEV对恒河猴的致病性和感染性。mAb8C11缩短排毒时间的效应较明显,而mAb8H3延迟机体抗HEV抗体阳转时间的效应较明显。二者的中和效应具有较明显的协同作用。中和单抗8C11、8H3对戊肝不同感染时期的血清均有显著阻断作用,Fab片段的阻断作用与完整抗体类似,表明这两个mAb对应的中和表位是HEV体液免疫应答的优势表位

Narrow Weld Spot Recognition Based on RANSAC and Kalman Filter

针对高效鲁棒的焊缝识别对于提高焊接质量和效率具有重要的作用,提出了一种基于线结构光的薄壁件窄焊缝快速识别方法。首先,对激光照射的焊缝图像进行去噪和增强;其次,分别利用Ransac算法和最小二乘法对焊缝和激光条纹进行直线拟合;接着,以二直线交点为中心建立ROI,连接ROI中的连通体获得修正后的交点;最后,对修正后的交点加以平移,以斜率为状态变量进行卡尔曼滤波,以修正后的交点为中心建立ROI并计算ROI中各点斜率,寻找具有最接近滤波后的斜率的点,将其反向平移后的坐标作为交点的最终值。实验证明该算法具有较高的鲁棒性和较快的处理速度,可满足窄焊缝的实时识别需求。</p