[[alternative]]Taiwan Natural Funeral Research--Focus On Ceremony And Facilities

[[abstract]]　　有越來越多的臺灣民眾選擇以自然葬的方式為自己的人生劃下圓滿句點，為全面、深度地瞭解國人對自然葬的認同、接受度，以及自然葬的發展性，本研究首度以田野調查、參與觀察、深度訪談結合全面性的問卷調查等多元研究方法，清晰地呈現了臺灣當前自然葬的完整樣貌。　　　研究過程針對臺灣本島22個縣市為母群體，以方便取樣方式取得有效樣數1105份抽樣問卷，並以全省22個縣市合法殯葬禮儀服務業者為母群，依立意取樣方式取得有效樣數578份問卷，分別調查受訪者對自然葬的認同、接受及配合度，對自然葬儀節和設施的看法，進行統計分析；另外也針對臺灣本島目前已實施之自然葬設施進行全面性的田野調查，並參與觀察自然葬的喪葬行為，再深入訪問採行自然葬的民眾、家屬、自然葬設施管理人員及殯葬禮儀服務業者、納骨塔業者等對自然葬的意見和建議。　　　研究成果如下：一、問卷調查有高達五成四的民眾和五成六的業者認同自然葬，認同的原因最多是因為「回歸大自然」，其次是「環保乾淨」。而民眾喜好的自然葬法以海葬排第一名，樹葬第二，草皮葬第三。另外，有高達四成六的民眾希望自己所居住的城市能有自然葬設施。二、分析歸納出自然葬禮的六個特性、三個處理階段、五個面對過程、七項需求，以及追思祭祀模式。三、分析歸納出採行自然葬民眾及家屬其觀念形成過程和行為轉變的決策過程和支持的背景因素。四、分析比較臺灣當前自然葬設施規劃、管理及維護的優缺點、民眾的需求，以及改善之道。五、提出臺灣自然葬的環保問題，並提供具體改進建議。六、分析臺灣自然葬的禮儀及服務需求發展趨勢，並提出具體建議。七、分析比較公辦及民營自然葬的經營優勢及發展瓶頸，並提供具體建議。八、對於臺灣自然葬的推廣宣導及法令限制提出建議。[[abstract]]　　More and more Taiwan resident chooses Nation Funeral as a perfect ending to life themselves. In order to understand the acceptability and recognition of Nature Funeral to Taiwan people and its possible development, the research clearly show the complete figure of Nature Funeral in Taiwan by field investigation, observation, visiting, questionnaire and other method.　　　Research procedure aims at the 22 counties and cities as mother group. It ought to help the methods to get 1105 effective samples and get 578 effective samples from the funeral service providers. This research analyzes acceptability, recognition and cooperation with Nature Funeral of the visited objects. In other hand, it gives suggestions and opinions to people who take Nature Funeral, their family, equipment administrators of Nature Funeral and service providers.　　　Research achievement:一、About 54% people and 56% funeral workers confirm the Nature Funeral. The reason is that ＂Nature Return＂, and ＂keep environmental clean＂. And the rank about the Nature Funeral's type by people; 1st: Sea Funeral, 2nd: Tree Funeral, 3rd: Turf Funeral. Besides, there is 46% people hope that could have Nature Funeral facilities in their city.二、Analyze and conclude six characters, three processes, five confront procedure, seven demand, and ancestor worship type within Nature Funeral.三、Analyze and conclude the background element of the people who support Nature Funeral about the procedure of concept form and the policy decision procedure of their behavior transfer.四、Analyze and compare the superior or inferior with programming, managing and maintaining the Nature Funeral facilities and the demand of people and the ways to improve.五、Posing the environmental issue and providing the concert advice of the Nature Funeral in Taiwan.六、Analyze the Nature Funeral's etiquette and the develop trend of the service demand in Taiwan. And set concrete advice.七、Analyze and compare with private and public of the Nature Funeral that business advantage and develop problem. And raise concrete advice.八、Taking some advice about the Nature Funeral's popularized and limit of the law in Taiwan

Effects of Si on the Low Molecular Weight Organic Acid Metabolism of Avicennia marina Under Cd Stress

以红树植物白骨壤为实验材料,通过水培实验,施加不同浓度的SI和Cd,对比研究Cd胁迫下外源SI对白骨壤幼苗低分子质量有机酸代谢的影响,以探讨外源SI对红树植物抗重金属的影响效应和作用机理.结果表明:Cd胁迫显著降低白骨壤幼苗各器官和根系分泌物中低分子质量有机酸含量;SI对有机酸代谢的影响随Cd处理水平不同而不同,在对照(Cd 0Mg/l)和低质量浓度(Cd 0.5Mg/l)处理下,SI对各器官有机酸含量影响不显著或降低其含量,高质量浓度Cd(Cd 5Mg/l)处理下,SI显著增加叶片和茎部有机酸总量,显著增加根系分泌物中柠檬酸含量;白骨壤各器官和根系分泌物有机酸含量两两间显著相关.由此推测SI是白骨壤生长的有益元素,SI缺乏造成的营养胁迫促使植物体内有机酸代谢做出响应;SI促进高质量浓度Cd处理下植物体内的有机酸代谢,对缓解白骨壤Cd毒害效应具有重要意义.Mangrove plants seem to be highly tolerant of high levels of heavy metal pollution.Some researchers have focused on the mechanisms involved in their metal uptake and tolerance.However the important mechanisms involved are still only partially understood.There are higher concentrations of available Si in mangrove sediments.There is increasing evidence that Si has many beneficial effects on mangrove growth and development and can improve heavy metal resistance of mangrove.In order to explore the Si alleviation mechanisms of the toxicity of heavy metal on mangrove,we investigated the effects of Si and Cd on low molecular weight organic acid metabolism of Avicennia marina by pot experiment.The concentration of low molecular weight organic acid in different organs and root exudates were decreased by Cd addition.The effect of Si on low molecular weight organic acid metabolism varied with Cd treatments.Si did not affect or decreased the concentrations of low molecular weight organic acid in different organs and root exudates in 0mg/L and 0.5mg/L Cd treatments.Si increased the total concentrations of low molecular weight organic acid in the stem and leaf and the concentration of citric acid in root exudates under 5mg/L Cd treatments.The correlation analysis showed that there was a significantly positive correlation between the total concentration of low molecular weight organic acid in different organs and root exudates of A.marina.This suggested that Si was beneficial for the healthy growth and development of A.marinaand organic acid metabolism was enhanced by the lack of Si nutrition stress.Si enhanced low molecular weight organic acid metabolism of A.marina under high Cd stress,which may be related to the amelioration by Si of Cd toxicity.国家自然科学基金重点项目(2013CB956504);国家自然科学基金项目(30970527;31170471;31370516

生长温度对InAs／GaSb超晶格晶体结构和表面形貌的影响

采用分子束外延（MBE）技术，在GaSb（100）衬底上外延生长InAs（4ML）／GaSb（8ML）超晶格（SLs）。研究了生长温度（400～440℃）对超晶格晶体结构和表面形貌的影响。结果表明，420℃生长的超晶格结构完整和表面粗糙度最小，其荧光光谱（PL）峰值波长在约2．54μm处，响应光谱50％截止波长在约2．4μm处。通过控制快门顺序形成InSb和混合两种界面，并发现生长温度强烈影响混合界面InAs／GaSb超晶格结构和表面形貌，而对InSb界面超晶格的影响较小

Establishment and implementation of the nursing order system based on the Gui Meifen's nursing records model of syndrome differentiation (桂梅芬辨证施护病历模式下医院信息管理护嘱系统的构建与实施)

This paper summarized the establishment and implementation of the hospital information (HIS) nursing order system based on the Gui Meifen's nursing records model of syndrome differentiation Based on HIS of Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Gui Meifen Traditional Chinese Medicine Nursing Inheritance Studio of Beijing Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the nursing order system for discharged patients was designed and developed. A personalized and comprehensive TCM nursing discharge order system was constructed, including diet care, emotional care, medication care, exercise regimen, rehabilitation and return visit. The nursing order system is conducive to the inheritance of Gui Meifen's nursing records model of syndrome differentiation, construction of nurses team, promotion of health education standardization, and improvement of patients' satisfaction. (本研究总结了基于桂梅芬辨证施护病历模式构建医院信息管理(HIS)护嘱系统并开展实践的相关经验。HIS护嘱系统包含饮食护理、情志调护、用药护理、运动养生、康复及复诊等方面的个性化、全面居家中医护理指导, 该系统的应用有利于促进中医护理的传承发展和护士队伍的建设, 推进健康教育规范化, 提高患者满意度。

2004–2016年中国生态系统研究网络水体酸碱度和总溶解性固体数据集

水体的酸碱度(pH)和总溶解性固体(TDS)是中国生态系统研究网络(CERN)的重要监测指标,可为生态系统水体质量长期变化研究提供重要数据。降水pH可以表征其是否为酸沉降,地表水和地下水的pH则关系到水质是否对植物生长和动物饮用存在危害等。TDS是表征水体溶解性固体总含量的指标,同样影响到植物根系的水分吸收和动物的生存分布。本数据集收集整理了CERN农田、森林、荒漠、草原、沼泽5种典型生态系统34个生态站2004–2016年降水、地表水、地下水pH和TDS数据。本数据集可为分析降水、地表水、地下水的酸碱度和TDS的时间变化和空间格局提供数据,可为研究中国典型生态系统水质酸碱度和盐碱化的长期变化提供数据支撑