Study of the Voluntary Surrender System of Bribery Crime

自首制度是我国刑法明文规定的一项重要刑罚裁量制度，体现了我国一贯坚持的“宽严相济”刑事政策。自首制度的确立，对于及早感化犯罪分子，提高司法效率，节约司法资源具有重大意义。但自从1997年刑法典颁布以来，相关规范性法律文件对于自首的规定过于笼统、分散，造成各地司法机关对自首的认定没有统一标准，学界对于这一问题也颇有争议。受贿罪是最普遍的职务犯罪,有其自身的特点，特别是在办案机关、犯罪主体特殊性方面和普通的刑事犯罪有很多不同，这也决定了受贿罪的自首认定方面有其自身的特点。 本文就受贿犯罪的自首问题分为三个部分进行探讨，第一部分介绍了我国的自首制度的本质、特点及受贿罪自首认定的特殊性；第二部分探讨...The voluntary surrender system is an important criminal penalty and discretion system which was provided expressly in China' criminal law and it reflects our consistent criminal policy, "the combination of punishment and leniency". The establishment of voluntary surrender system has important meaning in the aspects such as helping criminal offenders to change themselves by education and persuasion...学位：法律硕士院系专业：法学院_法律硕士学号：X200912003

選択的レーザー溶融と熱間等方加圧により作製したニッケル基超合金Alloy718の組織と機械的特性

首都大学東京, 2017-09-30, 博士（工学）首都大学東

下田歌子の女子教育思想の変容 桃夭学校から欧米留学前まで

　The idea of “good wife, wise mother” was one of the most important principle in the Meiji period. The one who put forward the principle of “good wife, wise mother” clearly is Utako Shimoda, who is also the founder of Jissen Joshi Gakuen. Thus it’s apparent that Shimoda’s “good wife, wise mother” principle occupied a very important position in modern female education. Shimoda not only conceived the idea of “good wife, wise mother”, but also put it into practice in her education for about 50 years. Her concept of “good wife, wise mother” was not always identical throughout her rich career of education and experience of studying abroad. She started her career by founding Toyo School, and she was later appointed to manage the Peeress’ School. Later she also devoted herself to the establishment of Jissen Girls’ School and Jissen Girls’ Polytechnic, which attempted to give public female education. In addition she studied in Europe and the US for 2 years. Through these experiences she changed her concepts of female education.　In Toyo Girls’ School, Shimoda carried out traditional education of etiquette for girls from the upper class without the idea of educating the girls “for the sake of the country”. At the Peeress’ School she paid more attention to giving practical knowledge. As Shimoda came to be more aware of herself as a representative of the government in the field of female education at the Peeress’ School, she began to refer to the education “for the sake of the country”. As a result, her concepts of nation and national female education gradually became more crystalized. Before studying abroad she used the word “kuni (country)”, while after the experiences in Europe and America she began to use the word “kokka (nation)”. From these things it is possible to say that her concepts of nation and national female education were not sufficiently developed before studying in Europe and America

下田歌子の職業観 : 女子教育への批判に対する下田の対応から見て（仮）

Utako Shimoda is a famous Japanese educator living through era of Meji, Thaishou and Showa. Shimoda is one of the earliest people who proposed the idea of “good wife, wise mother”. Shimoda not only conceived the idea of “good wife, wise mother”, but also put it into practice in her education for about 50 years.Indeed, her career of female education had twists and turns, espcially from 1904 to 1906, when female education was regarded valueless to neither the family nor the society. Therefore, Utako Shimoda proposed to train females to regulate families so as to enable them to make contribution to the family as well as the country. She believed doing housework and educating offsprings being the career of females. The motivation of females from lower middle class going out to work was to help finance the family, rather than to pursue economic independence. Her perspective on female education is limited by her view of family-based female value

Liang Qichao' s Concept of the "Wise Wife, Good Mother" and Female Education

The concept of "wise wife, good mother" has been used since the turn of the 20th century in China, in order to construct a particular image of the modern woman. It is generally accepted that the concept was put forward by Liang Qichao in China. By examining the social background of the time and Liang Qichao's personal experience, this article aims to discuss his understanding of the image-and his teaching practice in light of this understanding-in order to understand the meaning of the image in modern China, the reason for its emergence, the relation of the image to female education, and the requirement that females received in order to be wise wives and good mothers

Response of Photosynthetic Apparatus to Different Irradiance in Flag Leaves of High-Yielding Winter Wheat PH01-35 Grown under Low Light Conditions

为了解弱光下生长的小麦叶片在不同光强下PS II和光合电子传递链的工作状态,解释其突然转入强光下时发生光抑制和光破坏的原因,以PH01-35为材料,采用大田人工遮光的方法,测定了小麦旗叶叶绿素含量、光合特性参数及快速光曲线。弱光处理15 d后,旗叶叶绿素含量明显上升,净光合速率、光补偿点、光饱和点、表观量子效率、羧化效率均出现不同程度的下降。与250μMOl M-2 S-1的弱光适应3 H相比,1 200μMOl M-2 S-1的强光适应3 H后,弱光下生长叶片的快速光曲线初始斜率下降幅度较大,曲线下降部分的斜率、最大相对电子传递速率、半饱和光强的上升幅度均小于自然光下生长的叶片,光能利用能力较低,其非光化学猝灭系数nPQ也明显低于自然光下生长的叶片,为自然光下生长叶片的87.5%。弱光下生长的小麦叶片光能吸收能力增强,但较低的光能利用能力和过剩光能耗散能力是其转入自然强光后易发生光抑制甚至光破坏的主要原因。To further explain the mechanism of photoinhibition and light damage in wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) leaves when it was suddenly transferred from low light to high light conditions,the responses of photosynthetic apparatus in shaded leaves of the high-yielding winter wheat line,PH01-35,were examined using chlorophyll fluorescence and gas exchange techniques.After 15-day shading,the chlorophyll content increased greatly,but the net photosynthetic rate(Pn),light compensation point(LCP),light saturation point(LSP),apparent quantum yield(AQY),and carboxylation efficiency(CE) all decreased.Compared with leaves grown in full sunlight,the initial slope(α),decline slope(β),maximum relative electron transport rate(rETRmax),and minimum saturating irradiance(Ek) of rapid light curves in leaves grown in low light were lower when the plant was transferred from low light intensity of 250 μmol m-2 s-1 to high light intensity of 1 200 μmol m-2 s-1.Non photochemical quenching(NPQ) in leaves grown in low light was significantly lower than that in leaves grown in full sunlight,indicating that the ability of light use and thermal energy dissipation was limited in leaves grown in low light.The wheat leaves grown in low light were more suscepti-ble to photoinhibition due to low CO2 assimilation and photoprotective ability,such as xanthophylls cycle-dependent dissipation of excessive energy,despite the better energy absorbability in low light conditions.山东省农业良种工程重大课题(鲁农良种字[2006]6号)资

新型コロナウィルス禍における沖縄観光－2. 観光客と観光業者の実態調査

新型コロナウィルス感染が、世界的レベルで蔓延し観光業界は多大な打撃を被った。このコロナ禍に、沖縄県那覇市と国頭郡今帰仁村を訪問している県外からの旅行者と地元の観光業者を対象とし、コロナ禍での日常生活の影響とコロナ渦での沖縄訪問について聞き取り調査を実施した。感染予防と余暇享受について多様な見解が集約された。なお、本研究は、「新型コロナウィルス禍における沖縄観光－1.中国人の観光動機」と連関する調査である

新型コロナウィルス禍における沖縄観光－1. 中国人の観光動機

新型コロナウィルス感染が、世界的レベルで蔓延し観光業界は多大な打撃を被った。本研究では、わが国有数の観光地である沖縄へのインバウンド観光客である中国人の観光動機を調査した。その結果、自然陶冶・刺激性・外国期待・新体験・交流・非日常・現地シンボル・意外性の8 因子構造であることが明らかになった。とりわけ、中国人男性は自然陶冶と刺激性が中国人女性よりも高いことが示された