滨海社区空间演变分形研究——以厦门市高浦社区为例

滨海城市社区的空间形态及其海岸线表现出一定程度的复杂性,发展量化描述方法对于其可发展研究有重要的理论与应用价值。本研究基于分形理论,以滨海城市厦门的高浦社区为研究对象,利用计盒法对该滨海社区空间形态和边界进行复杂性分析和分形维计算,研究社区空间形态复杂性演变规律。结果表明:作为典型海湾渔村的高浦社区空间形态具有分数维,呈现分形结构特性。自1989年至今,该社区空间形态的分形维数呈现增长态势;社区边界的分形维数呈现下降态势。社区空间形态的分形维数与社区建筑占地面积、建筑总面积、建筑密度、容积率都表现出相关性。这表明滨海社区在快速城市化进程中,社区规模急剧扩张可能会导致空间形态和边界复杂性的显著变化。住建部科学技术计划资助项目(2017-R2-015

A Review of Patent Information Systems

专利是创新成果的重要载体,对专利资源的有效利用有助于打破信息壁垒,准确评估成果的创新性和价值,推动科技成果向生产力转化。专利信息系统可以提高工作效率和创新能力,完成专利数据收集、专利信息检索、专利技术挖掘和分析等工作。本文对专利信息系统的功能和分析算法进行了分类介绍,并结合典型系统进行展示和比较,同时提出专利信息系统面临的问题与挑战。As important carriers of innovation, patents are usuallyused to break information barriers, evaluate scientific achievements and drive the transforming from technical innovation to productivity asimportant carriers of innovations. Patent information can improve the innovation ability by increasing the working efficiency of searching and analyzing patent information. This review introduces the major functions and algorithms of patent information systems, and also presented and compared the representative systems. Moreover, the issues and challenges for patent information systems are discussed in this study.本研究得到科技部创新方法工作专项（No.2015IM020500）的资助

急性髓系白血病NPM1基因突变检测方法的研究

本研究旨在建立检测急性髓系细胞白血病(AML)患者NPM1基因突变的方法。针对NPM1基因突变集中区域设计引物/探针,建立高分辨熔解曲线方法(HRM)和等位基因特异PCR方法(AS-PCR),通过89份AML标本进行了临床评估,并采用毛细管电泳法(CE)和测序法作为对照进行了验证。结果表明,通过上述4种方法共检出阳性标本17例(19.1%),其中A型突变15例,B型和Nm型突变各1例。上述方法中HRM法检测全面,灵敏度为5%,而AS-PCR法有一定的漏检,但灵敏度高达0.01%。结论:考虑到操作的难易程度,同时也结合临床样品的检测情况,HRM在临床上可法用于NPM1突变筛查,而AS-PCR法可用于后续的微小残留病定量检测

改良分子信标-双重实时荧光PCR快速检测SARS病毒

目的建立改良分子信标-双重实时荧光PCR检测SARS病毒的方法,用于SARS的早期诊断和动物溯源。方法利用改良分子信标技术、装甲RNA和双片段双色荧光技术,根据GenBank公布的SARS病毒聚合酶基因1b的阅读开放框架结构的保守序列,自行设计一对引物和探针,以部分临床标本的酶联吸附实验结果和传统细胞培养方法作为对照,建立分子信标检测SARS病毒的方法。对368份临床标本(咽漱液、血液、粪便、尿液)、52份细胞培养液和50份动物标本进行荧光PCR扩增。结果分子信标检测SARS病毒的方法灵敏度为10～100个拷贝ml,与流感病毒等呼吸道病毒无交叉反应。分子信标检测368份临床标本,20份阳性。其中确诊病例阳性率为21.27%(1047),确诊病例的咽漱液阳性率为43.48%,还分别从粪便和血清中检测到SARS病毒。52份细胞培养液,29份阳性,阳性率为55.77%。50份动物标本,23份阳性,阳性率为46%。结论改良分子信标-双重实时荧光PCR检测SARS病毒方法灵敏度高、特异性强,可用于SARS的临床早期诊断和动物溯源

Establishment and Application of A Novel Method for Detecting MLL Fusion Genes of Acute Leukemia

共同通讯作者 :李庆阁，教授．电话 :(0592)2187363． E-mail: qgli@ xmu.edu.cn ;鹿全意，教授、主任医师．电话 :(0592)－2292032E-mail:luquanyi@ xmu.edu.cn[中文文摘]本研究旨在建立一种快速检测急性白血病中常见MLL融合基因的方法。针对10种最常见的MLL融合基因,首先通过检索文献及数据库,确定已报道的所有融合形式并据此设计引物和探针。其次,以构建的16个阳性质粒和阴性细胞系建立和优化多重实时PCR检测体系。最后,利用所收集的54份白血病标本对该体系进行临床评估,并对检出的阳性标本进行测序验证。结果:该体系可对所有阳性质粒进行有效检测,且灵敏度均可达10个拷贝。在54份标本中,检出MLL-AF4、MLL-AF9、MLL-AF10、MLL-ELL 4种类型的融合基因,对阳性标本进行测序,测序结果与检测结果一致。结论:本研究建立了一种筛查MLL融合基因的多重实时PCR方法,能够对发生频率约占MLL融合类型90%的10种融合基因进行检测。该体系具有快速、灵敏、特异、可靠的优点,将有助于临床上MLL融合基因阳性患者的诊断和管理。[英文文摘]This study was aimed to establish an efficient method to detect 10 common MLL fusion genes in patients with acute leukemia.Firstly,the relevant references and databases were searched to throughly inivestigate all fusion breakpoints;the primers and probes were designed according to nearly all the involved fusion types of gene.Then the multiplex real-time PCR system was established and optimized by using the established 16 positive plasmids and negative cell lines.Finally,the detection system was clinically evaluated by means of collected 54 samples of leukemia． The results indicated that the established detection system could efficiently detect all positive plasmids with sensibility to 10copies． Four kinds of fusion gene types such as MLL-AF4，MLL-AF9，MLL-AF10，MLL-ELL could be detected in 54 samples，the sequencing of positive samples showed consistency of sequencing results with detectionresults． It is concluded that a novel multiplex real-time PCR detection method is established which can detect 10 common MLL fusion genes covering about 90% of the cases harboring MLLfusions． This method is fast，sensitive，specific and reliable，and should be an useful clinical tool for identification and management of leukemia patients with MLLfusions．厦门大学医学院博士点基金项目基金资

中国物理海洋学研究70年：发展历程、学术成就概览

本文概略评述新中国成立70年来物理海洋学各分支研究领域的发展历程和若干学术成就。中国物理海洋学研究起步于海浪、潮汐、近海环流与水团,以及以风暴潮为主的海洋气象灾害的研究。随着国力的增强,研究领域不断拓展,涌现了大量具有广泛影响力的研究成果,其中包括:提出了被国际广泛采用的"普遍风浪谱"和"涌浪谱",发展了第三代海浪数值模式;提出了"准调和分析方法"和"潮汐潮流永久预报"等潮汐潮流的分析和预报方法;发现并命名了"棉兰老潜流",揭示了东海黑潮的多核结构及其多尺度变异机理等,系统描述了太平洋西边界流系;提出了印度尼西亚贯穿流的南海分支(或称南海贯穿流);不断完善了中国近海陆架环流系统,在南海环流、黑潮及其分支、台湾暖流、闽浙沿岸流、黄海冷水团环流、黄海暖流、渤海环流,以及陆架波方面均取得了深刻的认识;从大气桥和海洋桥两个方面对太平洋–印度洋–大西洋洋际相互作用进行了系统的总结;发展了浅海水团的研究方法,基本摸清了中国近海水团的分布和消长特征与机制,在大洋和极地水团分布及运动研究方面也做出了重要贡献;阐明了南海中尺度涡的宏观特征和生成机制,揭示了中尺度涡的三维结构,定量评估了其全球物质与能量输运能力;基本摸清了中国近海海洋锋的空间分布和季节变化特征,提出了地形、正压不稳定和斜压不稳定等锋面动力学机制;构建了"南海内波潜标观测网",实现了对内波生成–演变–消亡全过程机理的系统认识;发展了湍流的剪切不稳定理论,提出了海流"边缘不稳定"的概念,开发了海洋湍流模式,提出了湍流混合参数化的新方法等;在海洋内部混合机制和能量来源方面取得了新的认识,并阐述了混合对海洋深层环流、营养物质输运等过程的影响;研发了全球浪–潮–流耦合模式,推出一系列海洋与气候模式;发展了可同化主要海洋观测数据的海洋数据同化系统和用于ENSO预报的耦合同化系统;建立了达到国际水准的非地转(水槽/水池)和地转(旋转平台)物理模型实验平台;发展了ENSO预报的误差分析方法,建立了海洋和气候系统年代际变化的理论体系,揭示了中深层海洋对全球气候变化的响应;初步建成了中国近海海洋观测网;持续开展南北极调查研究;建立了台风、风暴潮、巨浪和海啸的业务化预报系统,为中国气象减灾提供保障;突破了国外的海洋技术封锁,研发了万米水深的深水水听器和海洋光学特性系列测量仪器;建立了溢油、危险化学品漂移扩散等预测模型,为伴随海洋资源开发所带来的风险事故的应急处理和预警预报提供科学支撑。文中引用的大量学术成果文献(每位第一作者优选不超过3篇)显示,经过70年的发展,中国物理海洋学研究培养了一支实力雄厚的科研队伍,这是最宝贵的成果。这支队伍必将成为中国物理海洋学研究攀登新高峰的主力军

First Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope Results. VIII. Physical Interpretation of the Polarized Ring

In a companion paper, we present the first spatially resolved polarized image of Sagittarius A* on event horizon scales, captured using the Event Horizon Telescope, a global very long baseline interferometric array operating at a wavelength of 1.3 mm. Here we interpret this image using both simple analytic models and numerical general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations. The large spatially resolved linear polarization fraction (24%–28%, peaking at ∼40%) is the most stringent constraint on parameter space, disfavoring models that are too Faraday depolarized. Similar to our studies of M87*, polarimetric constraints reinforce a preference for GRMHD models with dynamically important magnetic fields. Although the spiral morphology of the polarization pattern is known to constrain the spin and inclination angle, the time-variable rotation measure (RM) of Sgr A* (equivalent to ≈46° ± 12° rotation at 228 GHz) limits its present utility as a constraint. If we attribute the RM to internal Faraday rotation, then the motion of accreting material is inferred to be counterclockwise, contrary to inferences based on historical polarized flares, and no model satisfies all polarimetric and total intensity constraints. On the other hand, if we attribute the mean RM to an external Faraday screen, then the motion of accreting material is inferred to be clockwise, and one model passes all applied total intensity and polarimetric constraints: a model with strong magnetic fields, a spin parameter of 0.94, and an inclination of 150°. We discuss how future 345 GHz and dynamical imaging will mitigate our present uncertainties and provide additional constraints on the black hole and its accretion flow

Deep learning method for the super-resolution reconstruction of small-scale motions in large-eddy simulation

A super-resolution reconstruction model for the subgrid scale (SGS) turbulent flow field in large-eddy simulation (LES) is proposed, and it is called the meta-learning deep convolutional neural network (MLDCNN). Direct numerical simulation (DNS) data of isotropic turbulence are used as the dataset of the model. The MLDCNN is an unsupervised learning model, which only includes high-resolution DNS data without manually inputting preprocessed low-resolution data. In this model, the training process adopts the meta-learning method. First, in the a priori test, the SGS turbulent flow motions in the filtered DNS (FDNS) flow field are reconstructed, and the energy spectrum and probability density function of the velocity gradient of the DNS flow field are reconstructed with high accuracy. Then, in the a posteriori test, the super-resolution reconstruction of the LES flow field is carried out. The difficulty of LES flow field reconstruction is that it contains filtering loss and subgrid model errors relative to the DNS flow field. The super-resolution reconstruction of the LES flow field achieves good results through this unsupervised learning model. The proposed model makes a good prediction of small-scale motions in the LES flow field. This work improves the prediction accuracy of LES, which is crucial for the phenomena dominated by small-scale motions, such as relative motions of particles suspended in turbulent flows. (c) 2022 Author(s)

Responses of soil inorganic nitrogen to increased temperature and plant removal during the growing season in a Sibiraea angustata scrub ecosystem of eastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau

为了揭示气候变暖背景下高寒灌丛土壤氮转化过程,该文研究了青藏高原东缘窄叶鲜卑花(Sibiraea angustata)灌丛生长季节土壤硝态氮和铵态氮含量对增温和去除植物的响应。结果表明:窄叶鲜卑花灌丛土壤硝态氮和铵态氮含量具有明显的季节动态。整个生长季节,土壤硝态氮含量呈先增加后降低的趋势,而铵态氮含量均表现为一直增加的趋势。在生长季初期和中期,各处理土壤硝态氮含量均显著高于铵态氮含量,而在生长季末期土壤硝态氮含量均显著低于铵态氮含量,说明该区域土壤氮转化过程在生长季初期和中期以硝化作用为主,而在生长季末期以氨化作用为主。不同时期土壤硝态氮和铵态氮含量对增温和去除植物的响应不同:增温对硝态氮的影响主要发生在生长季中期和末期,且因植物处理的不同而有显著差异,增温仅在生长季中期使不去除植物样方铵态氮含量显著升高。去除植物对土壤硝态氮的影响仅表现在对照样方(不增温),去除植物显著提高了生长季初期和中期土壤硝态氮含量,显著降低了生长季末期土壤硝态氮含量;同时去除植物显著降低了增温样方生长季中期土壤铵态氮含量。灌丛植被在生长季初期和中期可能主要吸收土壤硝态氮,其吸收过程不受土壤增温的影响