Distribution of anaerobic bacteria in surface sediments from the Western Arctic Sea

用逐步稀释法在4℃和25℃培养条件下测定了西北冰洋海域24个表层沉积物样品中厌氧菌(AnAErObIC bACTErIA,AAb)的检出率和含量.同时,分析了这两项指标的水平分布(纬度间、经度间)差异,以及在不同水深的变化特征.结果表明,在4℃和25℃培养条件下厌氧菌检出率高达100%,AAb含量范围分别为9.00x102~2.40x107CEll·g-1和2.90x104~2.40x107CEll·g-1,平均含量分别为4.54x106CEll·g-1和3.99x106CEll·g-1.AAb含量存在水平分布差异,随着纬度升高,或经度自西向东,或水深的加大,AAb的含量均呈现逐渐降低的趋势.The occurrence and content of anaerobic bacteria in 24 surface sediments in the Western Arctic Ocean were measured via progressive dilution under laboratory incubation at 4℃ and 25℃,and the spatial patterns of anaerobic bacteria distribution were further examined.All the samples have anaerobic bacteria.The contents of anaerobic bacteria cultivated ranged from 9.00×102 to 2.40×107 cell· g-1 wet sample (the same hereafter) and 2.90×104 to 2.40×107 cell· g-1 with an average of 4.54×106 cell· g-1 and 3.99×106 cell· g-1 in the 4℃ and 25℃ samples,respectively.The distributions of anaerobic bacteria varied by both latitude and longitude,and also in sediment samples with different water depths.The anaerobic bacteria content decreased from low latitude to high latitude,from the western area to the eastern area,and from shallow water to deep basin.国家自然科学基金(No.40576060;40376017)---

基于生物质谱技术的磷酰化修饰策略在多肽测序中的应用

该文建立了一种利用磷酰化修饰结合电喷雾质谱(ESI-Q-TOF)测定多肽氨基酸序列的有效方法。利用Atherton-Todd反应,以二丙基亚磷酰酯(DPP)为磷酰化试剂,应用生物质谱技术,对磷酰化修饰后的5种模型肽的磷酰化反应情况进行了系统研究,考察了磷酰化肽的二级质谱特征,并与未经磷酰化反应的肽的二级质谱特征对比。结果表明,经过磷酰化修饰后,肽的二级质谱中的a1离子信号强度明显增加,可以准确鉴定其N端氨基酸;b系列离子信息完整,信号强度增强,使得多肽C ID测序的谱图简单、清晰,有利于肽的氨基酸序列的测定;赖氨酸(K,128.10 u)和谷氨酰胺(Q,128.13 u)两种氨基酸质荷比相近,由于二者磷酰化修饰后的差异性,使其得到准确区分。经过5种已知氨基酸序列的模型肽的磷酰化后结合质谱技术进行氨基酸序列测定验证,结果表明该方法简单、快速、准确,提高了利用质谱技术进行多肽测序的准确度和灵敏度,可为蛋白质组学研究提供有效的技术手段

Occurrence and Distribution of Organotin Compounds in Thais clavigera from Xiamen Coast

采用戊基化格式衍生法,gC-fPd分析了厦门港周边海域9个小岛屿分布的疣荔枝螺(THAIS ClAVIgErA)体内3种丁基锡化合物(buTylTInS)和3种苯基锡化合物(PHEnylTInS)的存在形态与分布特征.结果表明,丁基锡化合物总浓度(ΣbTS)为0.3~70.6ng.g-1,平均值为28.8ng.g-1,以一丁基锡化合物(MbT)为主.苯基锡化合物总浓度(ΣPHTS)为nd~18.8ng.g-1,平均值为7.9ng.g-1,以三苯基锡化合物为主.厦门港周边海域以丁基锡化合物为主要污染物,占到总有机锡化合物(ΣOTS)的74.3%~96.8%.疣荔枝螺体内(ΣbTS)和(ΣPHTS)呈现从厦门港内到港外逐渐降低的趋势.疣荔枝螺体内TbT和TPHT的浓度显示良好的相关关系(r2=0.7109,P<0.01),说明TPHT和TbT来源趋同,即来源于船舶防污涂料,或水产养殖污染源.与我国东南沿海港口相比,厦门海域疣荔枝螺体内丁基锡化合物的污染处于一个较低水平但比2002年有所加重.Occurrence and distribution of 6 organotin compounds including butyltin and phenyltin species were detected in Thais clavigera which were collected from 9 coastal areas sites around Xiamen Coast,by pentylized derivatization,GC-FPD.Results indicated that all Thais clavigera samples were contaminated with organotin compounds.The concentrations in Thais clavigera soft bodies varied from 0.3 to 70.6 ng.g -1 with a mean value of 28.8 ng.g -1 for butyltin compounds,and from nd to 18.8 ng.g -1 with a mean value of 7.9 ng.g -1 for phenyltin compounds,respectively.MBT and TPhT were high levels in butyltin compounds and phentyltin compounds,respectively.In addition,butyltin compounds were the dominant contaminates in all samples with high percentage from 74.3% to 96.8%.There was a significant correlation between TBT and TPhT (R2 = 0.710 9,p < 0.01).This result showed that both TBT and TPhT came from antifouling paints for ships or for mariculture nets.Compared with those data reported from the other regions around southeast coast of China,present study reveals that contaminated level of organotin compounds in Thais clavigera are relatively lower in Xiamen Coast.But it is higher than those in 2002.国家自然科学基金项目(40476048;20777060

Investigation of the origin and evolution of groundwater in Yang-Dai River Plain by chlorine,oxygen 18 and deuterium

通过分析地表水和地下水中氯离子浓度和δd、δ18O值的空间分布特征,揭示了秦皇岛洋戴河平原地下水的形成演化规律.结果发现,洋戴河平原地表河水来源于中上游水库水和大气降水的混合,且河水沿程受到δd、δ18O值、氯离子浓度更低的支流或灌渠水补给,从而使δd、δ18O值、氯离子浓度呈现沿程逐渐降低的现象.山前丘陵区地下水主要接受大气降水的直接补给,洪积扇及山麓地带地下水受到了一定的蒸发作用影响,除了接受丘陵区地下水的侧向补给外,洋河附近地下水还受到洋河水库水的混合.研究区西部咸水带的地下水由上游地下水和大泥河地热咸水混合而成,地热咸水的混合比率约为13%,而东部咸水带的地下水由上游地下水、本地污水和地热咸水混合而成,地热咸水的混合比率不超过9%.在海水入侵区,地下水主要由本区地下淡水和海水(海水混合比率不超过10%)混合而成,并且受到了不同程度的地表水或农田灌溉水的补给,其中,浦河一带是地表水或灌溉水补给较为明显的地段.The aim of this paper is to reveal the origin and evolution of surface water and groundwater by analyzing the spatial distribution of chloride ion concentration and δD and δ18O values in surface water and groundwater in Yang-Dai River Plain.The Yang-Dai River originates from the mixing of water of reservoir and meteoric water,and river water is also from the recharge in the tributary and irrigation ditch which have much lower chloride ion concentration and δD and δ18O values.Therefore,chloride ion concentration and δD and δ18O values in river water decreases gradually from upstream to downstream.The groundwater in hilly area is primarily recharged by meteoric water,and the groundwater in pluvial fan and piedmont experiences evaporation partly.The groundwater in pluvial fan and piedmont is recharged not only laterally by upstream groundwater from mountainous and hilly area,but also by Yang River reservoir water.In the study area,the groundwater in the west part of salty water region is mixed between upstream groundwater and salty geothermal water originated from Danihe area,with a mixing radio of 13% salty geothermal water.In comparison,the groundwater in the east part of salty water region is mixed by upstream groundwater,sewage water and salty geothermal water,with a mixing radio of up to 9% salty geothermal water.In the seawater intrusion region,the groundwater was mainly constituted of local fresh groundwater and intrusive seawater with a mixing ratio of up to 10% seawater,and is also partly recharged by surface water and agricultural irrigation water which have higher contribution to the groundwater recharge in Pu River area.国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)项目(No.2010CB428805); 环保公益性行业科研专项经费项目(No.201309006)~

Occurrence and distribution of organotin in seawater of Xiamen Bay

[摘要]：利用固相萃取气相色谱火焰光度检测(SPEGCFPD) 对厦门海域表、底层海水中的有机锡化合物进行了 分析检测。其中表层海水中检出的有机锡化合物以二丁基锡( DBT ) 为主, 底层海水中以三丁基锡( T BT) 为主, 且 TBT 的浓度显著高于表层水。表层海水中总有机锡浓度在129&#56256;1 4 826 8 ng ( Sn) L- 1 之间, 底层海水则分布在 321 6 1 9545ng ( Sn) L- 1 之间。结果显示, 厦门港内及同安湾附近海域水体中的有机锡浓度远高于九龙江口 及厦门西南海域, 这与厦门海域船舶活动和网箱养殖密切相关。通过对鼓浪屿站点表层海水中有机锡化合物15 h 的连续监测, 推测光照对水体中有机锡的降解影响显著。[Abstract]:Organot in compounds in the surface and bot tom w ater samples f rom the Xiamen Bay w ere collected and analyzed using SPEGCFPD ( So lio l Phase Ext ract ion Gas Chromatography Flame Photometric Detection) . Dibut ly ltin ( DBT) and Tributy ltin ( T BT ) w er e the dominant or gano tin compo unds in the surface and bo ttom w ater respect ively, and the co ncent ration of TBT in the bot tom w ater w ere sig nif icantly hig her than that in the surface w ater . The concentr at ions of org anot in compo unds rang ed betw een 1291 and 48268ng ( Sn) L- 1 in the surface w ater and betw een 3216 and 19545ng ( Sn) L- 1 in the bo ttom w ater. The highest org anot in compound level w as found near the Xiamen Harbor and the cage cultur e area of the Tongan Bay , and the low est level in the Jiulong estuary and in the so uthw est w aters of Xiamen Bay, sug gest ing that the org anot in contaminat ion in the Xiamen Bay is clo sely correlated w ith shipping act ivity and marine aguicultar e. It is deduced that photoly sis due to sunlig ht may be the major way fo r org anot in compounds to degr ade in sea water.国家自然科学基金项目( 40476048

Imposex of Thais clavigera and Cantharus cecillei in the coastal waters of Xiamen

海产腹足类性畸变以其对有机锡的敏感性、特异性和不可逆性而成为海洋有机锡污染的理想指示种。调查研究了厦门海域岩相海岸带疣荔枝螺(THAIS ClAVIgErA)和甲虫螺(CAnTHAruS CECIllEI)的性畸变情况,通过生物学指标IOI(性畸变率)、rPSI(相对阴茎发展指数)、VdSI(输精管发展指数)及SrI(性比指数)综合评价其性畸变发展程度,间接指示厦门周边海域的有机锡污染程度。研究结果发现,在采集疣荔枝螺的17个站点中有5个站点种群性畸变率为100%,其中宝珠屿种群性畸变程度最为严重,VdSI达4,采集甲虫螺的4个站点的种群性畸变率均为100%。性畸变程度较严重的种群普遍集中于厦门西港,并且表现出由港内到港外逐渐减轻的趋势,而白城、会展中心和大嶝岛等位于开阔的厦门东海域的种群性畸变程度最轻,与往年厦门西海域有机锡污染监测数据相比一致,体现出性畸变程度与有机锡污染程度及海港码头远近之间的相互关系。The degree of imposex,i.e.the imposition of male characteristics onto females,in neogastropods can be used as a sensitive and accurate biomarker to evaluate organotin contamination in coastal marine environment.Now,the imposex status in females of Thais clavigera and Cantharus cecillei in 17 sites was investigated to evaluate the organotin contamination along Xiamen Bay during 2006 and 2007.The four indices including incidence of imposex(IOI),relative penis size index(RPSI),vas deferens sequences index(VDSI) and sex ratio index(SRI) were used comprehensively to assess the imposex status in order to ascertain the extent of organotin bioavailability in Xiamen Bay.Based on this research,T.clavigera in 5 sites and C.cecillei in all survey sites exhibited the IOI of 100%.At Bao ZhuYu Islet,the imposex level was the most serious with maximum VDSI value of 4.In general,the imposex level decreased from the inner to the outer of Xiamen Western Harbour,and the populations in the open Xiamen Eastern Waters including Bai Cheng,Convention and Exhibiton Center and Dadeng Island showed a lower imposex level.These results were accordant with the concentrations of organotins in 2005.The imposex degree also increased with increasing organotin contamination and decreasing distance from shipping facilities.国家自然科学基金资助项目(40476048);厦门大学近海海洋环境科学国家重点实验室开放基金资助项目;厦门大学新世纪优秀人才计划基金资助项

Spatial and temporal variation of organotin compounds in seawater and sediment along the coast of Fujian

由于有机锡化合物具有高毒性和相对持久性，海洋环境中的有机锡污染一直受到普遍关注。本研究对福建近岸海域海水及沉积物中的有机锡化合物进行分析，并对厦门海域有机锡化合物在海水及沉积物中的垂直变化及季节变化特征进行研究，初步探讨有机锡化合物在海水/悬浮颗粒物及微表层/表层海水之间的分配行为。取得以下结果： 1.对海水及沉积物中的有机锡化合物进行分析表明：台湾海峡西部海域临近经济发达、航运频繁的长三角与珠三角的南北部有机锡污染水平相对较高，靠近开阔海域站点的∑OTs浓度要显著低于同纬度近岸站点。船舶往来频繁的厦门西港内的有机锡污染水平要高于水动力条件相对较好的东海域。 2.厦门海域表层海水溶解态有机...Marine pollution by organotin compounds (OTs) containing tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPhT) has been of great concern in many countries, because of its extremely high toxicity to marine organisms at low concentration levels. Levels of six organotin compounds were determined in seawater and sediment, to characterize the spatial and distribution of organotin compounds along the coast of Fujia...学位：理学硕士院系专业：海洋与环境学院环境科学与工程系_环境科学学号：20043406

Overall Planning and All-Round Consideration to Construct a Competitive Marine Fishery Industry in Fujian

海洋渔业是我国稳步发展的海洋产业,其不仅能提供充足的优质蛋白,也可为海洋生物医药及生物制品生产提供原料,还能带动渔港建设、渔船修造、渔具生产、水产品加工、贸易等行业发展,对旅游品市场及滨海旅游业也有积极影响,可对相关产业的发展起到促进作用。福建省具有全国约五分之一的海岸线,海域面积比陆域面积大12%,具有发展海洋渔业所需的优越条件和产业基础。针对福建海洋渔业目前面临的问题,综合考虑各方因素,提出了以海洋生物资源的保护、开发利用为主线,进行产业链的规划设计,打造福建海洋渔业品牌,做大做强海洋渔业。Marine fishery is a steadily growing marine industry in China.It provides not only sufficient high quality protein,but also raw materials for marine bio-pharmaceutical and biological products.The development of marine fishery will stimulate the construction of port,repairing and building of fishing boats,Production of fishing gear,processing of aquatic products and trade.Moreover,it will bring positive effect to the market,tourism and other related industries.Fujian province has great advantages and industrial basis for the marine fishery development.It has a long coastline(about one-fifth of the national coast-line) and a large sea area(12% larger than the land area).With overall consideration to the current problems in marine fishery,we proposed to reinforce marine biological resources protection, development and utilization, as well as to design an industrial chain in order to build the brand of Fujian marine fishery and bring a brighter and more prospective future.福建省科协决策咨询和调查研究重点课题“福建省海洋经济发展布局研究”(A1209

A REVIEW AND PERSPECTIVE of SUBMARINE HYDROTHERMAL DEPOSITS STUDIES IN CHINA

简要回顾了海底热水矿床的研究简史,根据我国的国情,将海底热水矿床从研究到开采划分为5个阶段。根据全球同类矿产资源勘探开采形势,结合我国的特点,建议尽早将工作重点从勘探期转移到圈矿阶段,寻找资源量大,开采成本低,回报率高的海底热水矿床,并向国际海底管理局申报,同时建议积极研发海底热水矿床的圈矿与开采技术。A brief review is made on the history of submarine hydrothermal deposits researches in China.The history could be divided into five stages.Take into consideration the global exploration and exploitation activities of relevant mineral resources,we suggest that China should select some parts of international seabed with large reserve of submarine hydrothermal deposits,low mining cost and high return on the basis of the survey data in hands and make application for mining privilege from the International Seabed authority as early as possible.Meantime,China should concentrate its survey cruises more on enclosure of rich areas,and at the same time,invest more on development of mining technology as preparation for future exploitation of the resources.九五中国大洋矿产资源开发研究项目(DY95-05-10);国家自然科学基金(49873015

Immobilization of Amylase on Metal Complex of Rosin-based Functional Polymers

分别以聚马来松香己二醇酯、马来松香乙二醇丙烯酯聚合物和马来松香乙二醇丙烯酯-丙烯酸共聚物为载体,金属离子为桥键配位离子固定化淀粉酶。测定了固定化淀粉酶的性能,探讨了固定化酶反应机理。结果表明金属离子作为桥键配离子的固定化淀粉酶中,PMGAECa(Ⅱ)En和poly(MGAE-AA)Ca(Ⅱ)En效果较好,重复使用5次后,每5 min的活性分别为11.33、9.44 mg/g,相对保留活性为32.78%、37.59%,最适宜温度为60、50℃,最适宜pH值为6.03、5.00。Immobilized amylases were prepared by using polymer of maleated rosin acid-hexandiol ester（PMHE）,copolymer of maleated rosin acid-glycol-acrylic acid ester-acrylic acid [poly（MGAE-AA）] and polymer of maleated rosin acid-glycol-acrylic acid ester（PMGAE） respectively as carriers and the method of metallic ion coordination.The performance of the immobilized enzyme was determined.The mechanism of immobilization was discussed.The result showed that PMGAECa（Ⅱ） and poly（MGAE-AA）Ca（Ⅱ） were the best carriers for immobilizing amylase among all carriers with metal ions as coordination bridge.Their activities were maintained at 11.33 and 9.44mg/g for per 5 min and relative retention activities were 32.78% and 37.59%,respectively,after using five times.The optimal reaction conditions of starch oxidation catalyzed by the amylase immobilized on PMGAECa（Ⅱ） and poly（MGAE-AA）Ca（Ⅱ）were found to be as follows： reaction temperature 60℃（20℃ higher than that of free enzyme） and 50℃（10℃ higher than that of free enzyme）,pH value 6.03 and 5.00,respectively.广西科学研究与技术开发基金资助项目(桂科攻08395003-9