《下一代二次电池》专辑序言

随着人类社会的迅速发展,能源和环境问题逐渐成为人们关注的焦点.化石燃料的过度依赖和使用所导致的全球变暖和环境污染日趋严重,国内大范围高频率的雾霾天气引起了民众的广泛担心,迫切要求加快能源技术创新,建设清洁低碳、安全高效的新能源体系.风能、太阳能和潮汐能等清洁可再生能源在空间和时间上分布不均,电化学储能是实现其广泛应用的关键环节.以锂离子电池为代表的二次电池技术一经出现就在数码产品等移动电源市场占据了主导

Co3（HCOO）6@rGO作为锂离子电池负极材料的研究

MOFs材料作为一类新型的锂离子电池电极材料而受到广泛关注和研究.作者通过溶液扩散法将Co3（HCOO）6原位负载在rGO（还原氧化石墨烯）上制备出Co3（HCOO）6@rGO复合材料.将Co3（HCOO）6@rGO作为锂离子电池负极材料,以500 mA·g-1的电流密度恒电流充放电循环100周后,仍然保持有926 mAh·g-1的比容量,亦表现出很好的倍率性能.循环伏安和X-射线光电子能谱测试表明,Co3（HCOO）6@rGO材料上的Co2+和甲酸根在充放电过程中均发生可逆的电化学反应.对比同样采用溶液扩散法合成的Co3（HCOO）6的测试结果发现,rGO起到活化甲酸根的电化学反应的作用,同时也改善了Co3（HCOO）6的倍率性能.将MOFs材料与rGO复合为优化MOFs材料的电池性能提供了一个新思路.973项目(No.2015CB251102);;国家自然科学基金项目(No.U1305246,No.21673196,No.21621091)资

Research Progress and Prospects of Lithium Sulfur Batteries

Corresponding author e-mail:qfdong@ xmu. edu. cn[中文文摘]锂硫电池是一类极具发展前景的高容量储能体系。通过近10年的研究和开发,人们对这一体系的了解不断深入。虽然对其电化学过程中的复杂反应机理尚没有完整系统的理论描述,但是围绕正极材料的研究工作仍取得了很多成果,这为我们深入了解该体系的复杂性提供了诸多素材。本文回顾了过去10年间在该领域取得的成果,从锂硫电化学体系、正极材料、电解质、电极结构和基于锂硫电池反应的新体系几个方面展开,结合本实验室的研究工作,介绍了锂硫电池的研究现状,分析了该体系的缺陷和存在的问题,并展望了今后的发展方向和前景。[英文文摘]Lithium sulfur battery is a high capacity energy storage system with very bright future,and it is considered as the next generation portable energy supply device for electronic vehicle(EV) and hybrid vehicle(HEV).Through decades of research and development,people understand this system stepwisely.The electrochemistry of sulfur cathode is very complex and hard to be examined,which is the key point to develop lithium sulfur battery.Although there are many unknown mechanisms in the electrochemical process of charge/discharge of the lithium sulfur battery，some achievements have been made on the development of cathode materials which provide various sources to study. Sulfur is an insulating molecular crystal，carbon is added as the additive reagent to improve the electric conductivity in the cathode，sulfur/carbon composite is common as cathode active material in lithium sulfur battery. Ethers and polymers are employed as the components of the electrolytes to coordinate with sulfur cathode. This paper reviews the achievements on lithium sulfur battery in the past decade from the respects of lithium sulfur battery system，cathode materials，electrolytes，cathode structure and new systems based on lithium sulfur battery. The weaknesses are revealed and the future is prospected

Influence of Temperature on the Performance of a Graphite Electrode

运用电化学阻抗谱(EIS)并结合循环伏安法(CV)研究了石墨电极25和60℃时在1 MOl.l-1 lIPf6-EC(碳酸乙烯酯)∶dEC(碳酸二乙酯)∶dMC(碳酸二甲酯)电解液中,以及60℃时在1 MOl.l-1 lIPf6-EC∶dEC:dMC+5%VC(碳酸亚乙烯酯)电解液中的首次阴极极化过程.发现高温下(60℃)石墨电极在1 MOl.l-1 lIPf6-EC∶dEC∶dMC电解液中可逆循环容量衰减的主要原因在于其表面无法形成稳定的固体电解质相界面(SEI)膜.实验结果显示,VC添加剂能够增进高温下石墨电极表面SEI膜的稳定性,进而改进石墨电极的循环性能.The first lithiation of a graphite electrode in 1 mol.L-1 LiPF6-EC(ethylene carbonate)∶DEC(diethyl carbonate)∶DMC(dimethyl carbonate) electrolyte at 25 and 60 ℃,and in 1 mol.L-1 LiPF6-EC∶DEC:DMC+5%VC(vinylene carbonate) electrolyte at 60 ℃ were investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) combined with cyclic voltammetry(CV).It was found that deterioration of the graphite electrode′s electrochemical performance was mainly caused by the unstable solid electrolyte interphase(SEI) film on the electrode′s surface in 1 mol.L-1 LiPF6-EC:DEC:DMC electrolyte at 60 ℃.However,the use of VC as an additive to the above electrolyte significantly improved the electrochemical performance of the graphite electrode,which was attributed to an improvement in the stability of the SEI film that formed on the graphite electrode′s surface.国家重点基础研究发展规划(973)项目(2009CB220102)资

Influence of binder on the performance of graphite anode

研究了水溶性粘结剂f-103和油性粘结剂P(Vdf-HfP)对锂离子电池石墨负极电化学性能和表面SEI膜成膜机理的影响。循环伏安的结果表明:在1 MOl/l lIPf6/EC+dEC+dMC电解液中,油性粘结剂石墨负极的电化学性能较好。电化学阻抗谱的结果表明:水溶性粘结剂石墨负极和油性粘结剂石墨负极表面SEI膜的成膜电位分别为1.00--0.60 V和0.80--0.55 V。油性粘结剂石墨负极表面SEI膜的稳定性较好。The influences of water-soluble binder F-103 and oiliness binder P(VDF-HFP)on the electrochemical performance and the surface SEI film formation mechanisms of graphite anode for Li-ion battery were researched.The results of cyclic voltammetry showed that the graphite anode with oiliness binder had better electrochemical performance in 1 mol/L LiPF6/EC+DEC+DMC.The results of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy showed that the SEI film formation potential on graphite anode with oiliness binder and with water-soluble binder were between 1.00～0.60 V and 0.80～0.55 V,respectively.The stability of surface SEI film on the graphite anode with oiliness binder was better.国家重点基础研究发展规划(973)项目(2009CB220102);中国矿业大学青年科技基金(ON080282

Preparing CNT/MnO_2 composite by direct reducing potassium permanganate

曾双双(1984-),女,福建人,厦门大学化学系硕士生,研究方向: 超级电容器; 郑明森(1975-),男,福建人,厦门大学化学系助理教授, 博士,研究方向:能源材料; 董全峰(1964-),男,河南人,厦门大学化学系教授, 博士, 研究方向: 能源材料, 本文联系人。[中文文摘]直接还原高锰酸钾(KMnO4)制备了碳纳米管(CNT)/MnO2复合材料。用XRD、SEM和TEM等对复合材料进行形貌和结构分析,发现MnO2均匀地包覆在CNT表面。循环伏安、恒流充放电测试表明,复合材料的比电容较高,循环性能良好,以1 A/g、20 A/g放电的比电容分别为200.3 F/g和120.8 F/g,第2 000次循环(20 A/g)时的电容保持率为94.7%。[英文文摘]Carbon nanotube(CNT)/MnO2 composite was prepared by direct reducing potassium permanganate(KMnO4).The morphology and structure of the composite were analyzed by XRD,SEM and TEM.It was found that MnO2 homogeneously dispersed on the surface of CNT.Cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge tests showed that the composite had high specific capacitance and fine cycle performance.The specific capacitance was 200.3 F/g and 120.8 F/g when discharged at 1 A/g,20 A/g,respectively.The capacitance retention at the 2 000th cycle(20 A/g) was 94.7%.国家自然科学基金项目(200933005,20903077);973项目(2009CB220102);福建省科技项目(2006H0090,2008H0087

Preparation and performance of mesoporous NiO for supercapacitor

[中文文摘]以十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)、尿素分别为模板和沉淀剂,在80℃下与NiCl2.6H2O反应6 h,合成了前驱体Ni(OH)2。前驱体在260℃下煅烧5 h后,得到超级电容器电极材料介孔NiO。材料的孔径约为5 nm,比表面积为305 m2/g,在0.5 A/g的电流下,比电容可达685 F/g。[英文文摘]The precursor Ni(OH)2 was synthesized by reacting 6 h at 80 ℃ with NiCl2·6H2O,sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS) and urea were used as template and precipitating agent,respectively.Supercapacitor electrode material mesoporous NiO was prepared by calcining the precursor at 260 ℃ for 5 h.The pore size of the material was 5 nm,the specific surface area was 305 m2/g,the speci-fic capacitance could reach to 685 F/g at the current of 0.5 A/g.国防基础研究项目(XMDX2008176); 福建省重点项目(2008H0087)

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopic Studies of Insertion and Deinsertion of Lithium Ion in Spinel LiMn_2O_4

运用电化学阻抗谱(EIS)研究了尖晶石lIMn2O4电极的首次充放电过程.发现EIS谱高频区域拉长压扁的半圆是由两个半圆相互重叠而成的,分别归属于与锂离子通过固体电解质相界面膜(SEI膜)的迁移和与尖晶石lIMn2O4材料的电子电导率相关的特征.通过选取适当的等效电路,对实验所得的电化学阻抗谱数据进行拟合,获得尖晶石lIMn2O4电极首次充放电过程中SEI膜电阻、电子电阻和电荷传递电阻等随电极极化电位变化的规律.根据研究结果提出了嵌锂物理机制模型.The processes of insertion and deinsertion of lithium ion in a spinel LiMn2O4 electrode during the first charge-discharge cycle were investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).The results illustrate that the depressed semicircle in the high frequency region consists of two semicircles that are overlapped each other, and were assigned respectively to lithium-ion migration through solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) film as well as the electronic properties of the material.An appropriate equivalent circuit was proposed to fit the experimental EIS data and variations of the resistance of SEI film, the electronic resistance of the material and the resistance of charge transfer along with the increase and decrease of electrode polarization potential were quantitatively analyzed.Based on the EIS results and analysis, a physical mechanism of lithium insertion and deinsertion was suggested.国家重点基础研究和发展规划“973”项目(No.2009CB220102);中国矿业大学青年科技基金(No.ON080282)资助项

Application of IR spectroscopy in Li-ion batteries studies

综述了傅立叶变换红外光谱在锂离子电池基础研究中应用的进展,主要包括负极表面SEI膜的组成和结构、电解液稳定性、电极材料的结构表征以及聚合物电解质的表征等。Progress in applications of FTIRS in studies of Li-ion batteries was reviewed. It included composition and structure of SEI film on anode, stability of electrolyte, structure characterization of electrode materials and characterization of polymer electrolyte.国家"973"项目(2002CB211804);; 国家自然科学基金项目(20173045

Prospect of research on electrochemical power sourcesâ â Report on the 213th Electrochemical Society Meeting

[中文文摘]以化学电源为着重点,介绍了2008年5月18-22日在美国亚利桑那州凤凰城举行的美国电化学会第213次会议的情况。本次会议有关化学电源的内容占主导地位,重点集中在高能量密度、高安全性的锂离子电池;还介绍了生物质燃料电池等新兴领域的发展状态,同时也注意到了室温燃料电池和氧化物燃料电池、超级电容量等的最新研究进展。[英文文摘]With emphasizing on battery,the development of electrochemical power sources in the 213th Electrochemical Society Meeting was introduced,which was held in Phoenix City,AZ,U.S.from May 18 to 22,2008.In this meeting,the chemical power sources session in which lithium batteries with the focus on high energy density and improving safety were still dominating part.The new area of biological fuel cell was introduced.The progress in room temperature and metal oxide fuel cells and supercapacitors was also released