A Method for Assessing the Sustainability of Design in Developing World Projects

Projects for the developing world usually find themselves at the bottom of an engineer’s priority list. There is often very little engineering effort placed on creating new products for the poorest people in the world. This trend is beginning to change now as people begin to recognize the potential for these projects. Engineers are beginning to try and solve some of the direst issues in the developing world and many are having positive impacts. However, the conditions needed to support these projects can only be maintained in the short term. There is now a need for greater sustainability. Sustainability has a wide variety of definitions in both business and engineering. These concepts are analyzed and synthesized to develop a broad meaning of sustainability in the developing world. This primarily stems from the “triple bottom line” concept of economic, social, and environmental sustainability. Using this model and several international standards, this thesis develops a metric for guiding and evaluating the sustainability of engineering projects. The metric contains qualitative questions that investigate the sustainability of a project. It is used to assess several existing projects in order to determine flaws. Specifically, three projects seeking to deliver eyeglasses are analyzed for weaknesses to help define a new design approach for achieving better results. Using the metric as a guiding tool, teams designed two pieces of optometry equipment: one to cut lenses for eyeglasses and the other to diagnose refractive error, or prescription. These designs are created and prototyped in the developed and developing worlds in order to determine general feasibility. Although there is a recognized need for eventual design iterations, the whole project is evaluated using the developed metric and compared to the existing projects. Overall, the success demonstrates the improvements made to the long-term sustainability of the project resulting from the use of the sustainability metric

Effects of Supervisor–Subordinate Guanxi on Subordinate’s Work Engagement and Job Performance and the Moderation of Subordinate’s Traditionality

本研究采用社会交换理论，探讨企业员工与直属上司的上下级关系对其工作投入及工作绩效的影响，以及员工的传统性的调节效应。192名企业员工两阶段问卷调查的数据，为研究假设的检验提供了充分证据：（1）和上司保持良好上下级关系的员工，工作投入程度更高，并通过工作投入的间接效应影响工作绩效；（2）下属的传统性调节上下级关系对工作投入的影响。当传统性较高时，上下级关系与工作投入正相关；当传统性较低时，上下级关系与工作投入之间不存在显著相关；（3）传统性调节上下级关系经由工作投入影响工作绩效的间接效应，只有在传统性较高时，该间接效应才显著。本研究对于上下级关系和传统性——反映中国传统文化特征的构念——两个领域均有理论贡献，结果可为企业的员工管理提供借鉴

Effects of Supervisor-Subordinate Guanxi and Subordinate’s Traditionality on Work Engagement and Job Performance: A Moderated Mediation Model

本研究采用社会交换理论，探讨企业员工与直属上司的上下级关系对其工作投入及工作绩效的影响，以及员工传统性的调节效应。192名企业员工两阶段问卷调查的数据，为研究假设的检验提供了充分证据：(1)和上司保持良好上下级关系的员工，工作投入程度更高，并通过工作投入的间接效应影响工作绩效。(2)下属的传统性调节上下级关系对工作投入的影响，当传统性较高时，上下级关系与工作投入正相关；当传统性较低时，上下级关系与工作投入之间不存在显著相关。(3)传统性调节上下级关系经由工作投入影响工作绩效的间接效应，只有在传统性较高时，该间接效应才显著。本研究对于上下级关系和传统性&mdash;&mdash;反映中国传统文化特征的构念&mdash;&mdash;两个领域均有理论贡献，结果可为企业的员工管理提供借鉴。</p

Metabolites of Mangrove Endophytic Fungus ZSU-H19 from South China Sea

对南海红树林内生真菌ZSU-H19代谢产物进行研究,从菌体中分离得到6个化合物,现代谱学方法分析表明它们是:ophioglonin(1)、ophioglonin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(2)、吲哚-3-乙酸(3)、尿囊素(4)、环(酪氨酰-亮氨酸)(5)、环(色氨酰-丙氨酸)(6),其中1和2为首次从微生物中分离发现。初步药理活性显示,1和2对人鼻咽癌细胞株KB显示微弱抑制活性,IC50分别为3.0×10-2和1.0×10-2g/L。国家自然科学基金资助项目(20072058,20572136);广西自然科学基金资助项目(0832081);广西民族大学科学研究基金资助项

塔里木盆地南缘绿洲农田土壤粒径分布分形特征及影响因素研究

本文以塔里木盆地南缘策勒绿洲为例,基于农田表层土壤样品的体积粒径分布数据,通过分形理论重点探讨绿洲农田这一主要土地利用类型下土壤粒径分布特征及变异状况,并根据粒径分布分形维数变化对其主要影响因素进行研究。结果表明:绿洲范围内农田土壤分维值存在显著性差异,其值介于2.11～2.27之间,总体偏低;土壤粒径分布分维值与小于50μm粒径土壤颗粒体积含量及土壤有机质含量呈显著正相关;农田利用年限的差异性对土壤粒径分布产生重要影响,而农田分布位置的差异性则对土壤粒径分布未体现出规律性影响。因此,保证农田长期合理的耕作管理方式将有助于土壤粒径分布属性的稳定及提高

农田病虫害监测预警数据自动采集技术

研发微小昆虫自动计数系统和植物叶面分析系统,实现了在田间抽样过程中对农田害虫种群动态的自动监测和对作物叶面积的自动测量及叶面病害症状的形态分析。集成传感器、单片机和无线通讯技术研发了农田小气候数据采集系统,在此基础上进一步将作物管理专家系统软件植入单片机,推出温室作物生态健康智能监护系统;它们实现了对田间小气候的自动监测

绿洲农田土壤粒径分布特征及其影响因素分析——以策勒绿洲为例/Characterizing Soil Particle-size Distribution and Its Variation in Farmland of Oasis——A Case Study of Cele Oasis[J]

以塔里木盆地南缘策勒绿洲为例,重点探讨了绿洲农田土壤粒径分布特征及其主要影响因素。基于2008年9月对策勒绿洲范围内农田表层土壤粒度测定数据,首先通过土壤粒径分布体积分形维数分析,表明绿洲农田土壤粒径分布差异性显著,并根据分析结果提出假设,认为农田利用年限及空间位置的不同是土壤粒径分布产生差异性的主要因素;其次利用排序方法对影响因素的贡献率进行定量分析,并与分维值结果进行相互验证。研究结果表明在影响土壤粒径分布差异性方面,利用年限为主导因素,其相对贡献率达67％。因此,保证农田长期合理的耕作管理方式将有助于土壤粒径分布属性的稳定及改善