美国大学汉语教材现状对海外教材开发的启示

美国大学汉语教材的现状是:优秀的中、高级综合技能教材缺乏,部分教材与课型不符,文学教材采用英译本,教材种类整体偏少等。教学环境、教师理念、文学教材的难度、汉语教学的发展程度等因素是造成上述现状的原因。它为开发海外汉语教材提供了有益启示,即教材编写以中外合作为宜;分技能和分语素教材的开发宜定位为学习参考书;海外缺少专业汉语教材,应大力开发;文学教材可仿效英语经典名著的做法,采用简写本。厦门大学研究生国外访学资助项目(项目编号为0006—E6110)成

The functions of Chinese-English phonetic and lexical contrast in the writing of Chinese textbooks for the country specific

本文主要探讨了汉外对比中的汉英对比在国别化汉语教材编写中的功用，具体包括：如何在汉英对比分析的基础上，确定适用于美国教材的语音教学内容、教学顺序；如何通过汉英高频词的对比来筛选美国汉语教材适用的词语，如何在词语基础上确定教材的用字范围，以及如何确定汉字和词语的等级；如何基于汉英高频词的话题标注来筛选出高频的文化项目；如何有效运用汉英对比形式进行语音、汉字、词汇、文化的教学。在分析探讨汉英对比之功用的过程中，还涉及到若干深层次理论问题的探讨，主要包括：Stockwell和Bowen的语音难度等级是基于印欧语系内部，不适用于汉、英这样差异巨大的语言。林焘、王理嘉的实证研究结果显示，汉语的语音难度等...This dissertation mainly discussed the functions of the contrast between Chinese and English belonging to the contrast between Chinese and foreign languages in the writing of Chinese textbooks for specific country. The details include: how to make decision on the phonetic contents and order appropriate for the Chinese textbooks in USA in the basis of contrast and analysis of Chinese and English; h...学位：文学博士院系专业：人文学院中文系_汉语言文字学学号：1022008015038

The Standards for Judging Modifier and the Cognitive Grounds in Them

学者们所争议的逆序词,运用两个标准即可准确判断:第一,哪一个语素的修饰、限定功能更明显;第二,整个词义接近第一个语素还是第二个语素。无论前偏后正还是逆序词,有两种认知理据贯穿其中:从大单位到小单位的认知顺序;从具体到抽象的认知习惯。认知顺序中隐含着中国人的传统哲学理念,因而具有稳定性。认知习惯具有地方差异性,因而更容易产生同素异序词。The words with reverse order under the dispute of scholars could be judged accurately by the application of two standards.First,which morpheme has more apparent function of modification or restriction? Second,does the whole meaning of the word get closer to the first morpheme or the second one? Whatever it is the word with modifier ahead or the word with reverse order,two cognitive grounds are covered in them,that is,the cognitive order from big unit to small unit and the cognitive habit from concretion to abstract.There hides the traditional philosophic concept of Chinese people in cognitive order,so it has the feature of stableness.The cognitive habits get changed in different areas,so it causes the appearance of words with the same morpheme but different orders easier

从“文化传承学校法案”看加州K-12外语教育战略演变

2010年,在金融危机的阴霾下,以多族裔、多文化和多语言著称的美国加州制定和通过了“文化传承学校法案“。该法案反映了加州外语教育战略在目标、任务、标准和路径等方面的演变。两方面原因促成了加州外语教育战略发生演变:内因是加州需要更多的外语人才,它必须要解决自身外语教育存在的问题,以满足其经济和社会发展的需求;外因是金融危机的影响和联邦政府外语教育政策的变化。这值得深思

Language Used in the Online Course of Learning Chinese as a Foreign Language

通过对几所大学对外汉语网络课程的试用分析,认为对外汉语网络课程在导航语言、讲解语言、反馈语言的设计中都必须注意语言设计的科学性:导航语言应符合汉语韵律,以2字句、3字句为佳;选词用字时,以常用词为佳;讲解性语言应以1行为宜,量不超过3屏;反馈时须使用直接消极反馈语言以及改善视频教学中的保姆式语言;另外应充分考虑网络学习者的认知特点。After the trial and analysis of the online course of Learning Chinese as a Foreign Language in several universities,we conclude that attention should be paid to the navigation,illustration and feedback expressions for the curriculum.The navigation can achieve the best effect in clusters of two or three small or other common words in accordance with the Chinese rhythm.The illustration is to be limited to one line at a time taking up no more than three screens.The direct and negative expressions should be taken when making feedbacks in place of the baby-feeding instructions in the video teaching.Furthermore,the cognitive characteristics of learners online should be taken into careful consideration

电子政务信息资源共享本质及其动力机制研究

本文在分析电子政务信息资源及其特性、电子政务信息资源共享及其本质、电子政务信息资源共享的主体及其关系的基础上,发现了电子政务信息资源共享的动力机制,并认为社会需求、社会利益、政府权力、社会竞争和道德精神是推动电子政务信息资源共享的主要社会动力

EFFECT OF MATERIAL WORK HARDENING MODEL ON THE SIMULATION PRECISION FOR SPRINGBACK

Springback is an inevitable phenomenon in the stamping process,which not only affects the dimension precision,but also affects the structure reliability. Therefore,an accurate prediction of springback is the first important to decrease and control the springback. The material in the stamping process will undergo reversed loading,and shows different mechanical properties from monotonic loading. Therefore,the material work hardening model is one of the most important factors affect the simulation precision. This paper uses finite element method to study the springback in the punching of a flanging,and the effects of isotropic,kinematic and mixed hardening models have been discussed,which is verified by the experimental. The results show that the isotropic hardening model does not consider the Bauschinger effect,which leads to an overestimation of springback. The kinematic hardening model does not consider the effect induced by the quick stress-strain,which leads to underestimation of springback. The mixed hardening model considers both the Bauschinger effect and transient characteristics,showing a true stress and strain,which leads to an accurate calculation of bending residual stress and springback. The result of mixed hardening model is well consistent with the experimental

知识关联的测度及应用研究

知识关联的测度主要包括三个方面:一是有无关联的测度;二是关联强度的测度;三是关联方式的测度。不同的知识关联结构和系统有不同的测度指标和方法。目前知识关联的应用主要集中三个层面,沿着三条路径发展,即知识关联在图书情报领域的应用,知识关联在信息技术领域的应用和知识关联在社会经济领域的应用

知识单元研究述评

知识单元是知识控制与处理的基本单位,是一切知识管理活动的前提和基础。文献单元、信息单元和知识单元是三种主要的知识单元形态。从知识单元的概念、特征、类型、比较和应用五个方面对当前知识单元研究现状进行了梳理和总结。知识单元在知识表达、知识组织、知识检索、知识计量、知识挖掘和知识发现等方面具有广泛的应用

高干病房老年患者孤独、焦虑、抑郁情绪及其相关因素探讨

目的调查高干病房老年患者孤独、焦虑、抑郁情绪的发生情况,并分析其相关因素。方法调查并分析北京市某三级医院高干病房60例老年慢性疾病患者UCLA孤独量表、医院焦虑抑郁量表(HAD)、日常生活能力量表(ADL)得分。结果96.7%的老年患者有不同程度的孤独感,有焦虑状态者占23.3%,有抑郁状态者占13.3%; 相关影响因素有住院天数、家庭月收入、文化程度、日常生活能力(ADL)、健康自评得分、人际关系、婚姻状况。结论应重视高干病房老年患者伴发的孤独、焦虑、抑郁情绪,并针对相关因素加强心理护理