高寒草原土壤交换性盐基离子对氮添加的响应:以紫花针茅草原为例

土壤交换性盐基离子(Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、K~+、Na~+)在维持土壤养分与缓冲土壤酸化中起着重要作用,了解其对氮添加的响应有助于准确评估氮沉降背景下生态系统结构与功能的动态变化。然而,目前关于土壤交换性盐基离子对氮添加响应的相关研究主要集中在酸性土中。鉴于目前在碱性土中研究相对较少的现状,该研究以青藏高原高寒草原为研究对象,依托氮添加控制实验平台,通过连续3年(2014–2016)的测定,考察了8个不同施氮水平(0、1、2、4、8、16、24、32 g·m~(–2)·a~(–1))下土壤交换性盐基离子含量变化及其可能原因。结果显示:随着施氮量的增加,土壤交换性盐基离子,尤其是Mg~(2+)与Na~+含量显著降低。并且,盐基离子含量与植物地上生物量显著负相关(p<0.05),说明氮添加通过促进植物生长,加速植物对盐基离子的吸收,进而导致土壤中盐基离子含量降低。此外,盐基离子含量也与土壤无机氮含量呈显著负相关(p<0.05)关系,说明施氮还通过提高土壤中无机氮含量进而导致更多NH_4~+与土壤吸附的盐基离子交换,同时加剧NO_3~–淋溶,带走等电荷阳离子。需要指出的是,虽然连续施氮导致土壤pH值下降,但该土壤目前仍处于碳酸盐缓冲阶段,说明通常在酸性土中报道的"因缓冲土壤酸化引起的盐基离子损失机制"在碱性土中并不成立。这些结果意味着持续的氮输入会造成碱性土中盐基离子损失,进而影响土壤缓冲能力与植被生产力,未来草原生态系统管理中应重视这一问题

JUNO Sensitivity on Proton Decay p→νˉK+p\to \bar\nu K^+ Searches

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics. In this paper, the potential on searching for proton decay in $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ mode with JUNO is investigated.The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification. Moreover, the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits to suppress the sizable background caused by other delayed signals. Based on these advantages, the detection efficiency for the proton decay via $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ is 36.9% with a background level of 0.2 events after 10 years of data taking. The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years exposure is $9.6 \times 10^{33}$ years, competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel

JUNO sensitivity on proton decay p → ν K + searches*

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics. In this study, the potential of searching for proton decay in the $p\to \bar{\nu} K^+$ mode with JUNO is investigated. The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification. Moreover, the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits suppression of the sizable background caused by other delayed signals. Based on these advantages, the detection efficiency for the proton decay via $p\to \bar{\nu} K^+$ is 36.9% ± 4.9% with a background level of $0.2\pm 0.05({\rm syst})\pm$$0.2({\rm stat})$ events after 10 years of data collection. The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years of exposure is $9.6 \times 10^{33}$ years, which is competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel and complements the use of different detection technologies