107 research outputs found

    Dedicated School Counseling Teacher in Junior High School (1) : How did dedicated counseling teacher develop in Toyama prefecture

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    Observation results by the TAMA300 detector on gravitational wave bursts from stellar-core collapses

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    We present data-analysis schemes and results of observations with the TAMA300 gravitational-wave detector, targeting burst signals from stellar-core collapse events. In analyses for burst gravitational waves, the detection and fake-reduction schemes are different from well-investigated ones for a chirp-wave analysis, because precise waveform templates are not available. We used an excess-power filter for the extraction of gravitational-wave candidates, and developed two methods for the reduction of fake events caused by non-stationary noises of the detector. These analysis schemes were applied to real data from the TAMA300 interferometric gravitational wave detector. As a result, fake events were reduced by a factor of about 1000 in the best cases. The resultant event candidates were interpreted from an astronomical viewpoint. We set an upper limit of 2.2x10^3 events/sec on the burst gravitational-wave event rate in our Galaxy with a confidence level of 90%. This work sets a milestone and prospects on the search for burst gravitational waves, by establishing an analysis scheme for the observation data from an interferometric gravitational wave detector

    國際農業合作技術交流-刺探電位圖譜監測儀在農業之應用

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    薊馬、蚜蟲、粉蝨、木蝨、介殼蟲、飛蝨、葉蟬、沫蟬、角蟬、椿象等農業重要害蟲,以其刺吸式口器,吸食植物汁液,造成水分或養分流失之直接危害;其間接危害所造成之經濟損失,不亞於直接危害,例如蚜蟲、粉蝨、木蝨、介殼蟲等韌皮部取食習性昆蟲,因吸食富含碳水化合物的篩管汁液,經肛門排出之廢液 (即蜜露) 成為適合真菌生長的天然培養基,致使廢液覆蓋之處布滿菌絲,被稱之為煤煙病,影響植物光合作用,造成生長勢衰弱。除此,尚有為數不少的刺吸式口器昆蟲,因具傳播植物病原微生物 (如病毒、植物病原原核生物) 的能力,被稱之為媒介昆蟲,加以其所傳播之此類蟲媒病原,通常並無有效藥劑可以治療,成為產業發展之重要限制因子 (如葡萄皮爾斯病、柑橘黃龍病、植物毒素病等)。刺吸式口器昆蟲對植物直接或間接危害的方式,與其取食習性有關。然因此類害蟲之初期危害徵狀並不明顯,直到農友發現其直接或間接危害徵狀時,通常已錯失田間之適當防治時機。為研擬有效的整合管理策略,首要步驟必需確認此類害蟲的取食行為,其後才能瞭解取食行為、寄主選擇及傳病特性的相互關係。由於早期並無任何儀器可觀察或呈現刺吸式口器昆蟲,其口針從刺探、穿刺植物組織,乃至吸食植物組織汁液等活動過程,致使研究此類昆蟲的取食行為、對植物損害方式與傳病機制等相關研究,僅能間接透過觀察昆蟲遺留在植物組織內部的唾液鞘、或分析昆蟲肛門所排出之廢液成份、或觀察媒介昆蟲吸食罹病植物病原以及傳播至健康植物之傳病效率等方式,瞭解或推測刺吸式口器昆蟲之取食行為,此些瓶頸直至第一代刺探電位圖譜監測儀 (electrical penetration graph monitor, 以下簡稱 EPG 監測儀) 發明之後,才逐步解決。本文將簡要陳述 EPG 監測儀原理與操作、發展簡史、農業應用實例、引進臺灣緣由與未來展望,使讀者透過瞭解此技術之應用潛力後,未來可視產業需求,運用此技術進行跨領域合作研究,縮短研究時程,提升研究效能,其他有關 EPG 監測儀之詳細內容,讀者可參閱 Backus et al. (2016) 之報告內容
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