研究資料 伏彩色螺鈿再考―技法と史的資料から

In August 2012, upon a request from the Thai Ministry of Culture, members of the TNRICP staff conducted an onsite survey of the Japanese lacquer doors that adorn the worship hall of Wat Ratchapradit, built in 1864, which has been designated as a first class Royal Buddhist temple. Samples of the mother-of-pearl and lacquer painting materials were carried to Japan where experimental repair was carried out through a study of the materials and consideration of possible repair methods. The double doors of the inner area of the worship hall are made of 65 pieces of Japanese-made mother-of-pearl on ground color, and 31 pieces of lacquer painting. They are a fascinating standard-setting example of late Edo period, Japanese export-use mother-of-pearl on ground color. The author anticipates that they will further research into 19th-century export lacquer. With thoughts of connections to lacquer doors in mind, the author, Futagami Yoko and Yamashita Yoshihiko, who were involved from the onsite survey for the commissioned research onwards, carried out a “Basic Survey of Late Edo Period Mother-of-Pearl with Ground Color Works,"" thanks to the cooperation of the Nagasaki Museum of History and Culture, the Siebold Memorial Museum, the Kobe City Museum and the Tobacco and Salt Museum. This article presents a revised version of the “Chronology of Export Lacquer with Mother-of-Pearl with Ground Color,” which was presented at the research group meeting held on July 30, 2018 at the TNRICP. In addition the article presents new information gained from the above-mentioned survey, plus relevant historical materials, while also with the aim of positioning the Wat Ratchapradit doors as a benchmark example of export lacquer with mother-of-pearl with ground color. First, we examined plaques and plaquettes that can be dated as a precursor in our consideration of 19th-century mother-of-pearl with ground color. The first example is found on the back surface of a plaque with a design of a landscape in St. Petersburg in maki-e, which was a European-made bronze plate with a lacquer picture fired onto it. The back surface has a floral spray design worked in mother-of-pearl. The Writing Chest with Battle Design in Maki-e and Mother-of-Pearl Inlay is signed Sasaya. There is no ground color found on these works, which were made around the year 1800. Counter to these works, the Plaquette with Portrait of Frederick II is a mother-of-pearl with ground color work thought to correspond to the ""rectangular portrait of Frederick II with mother-of-pearl inlay,"" included on the 1793 collection list of Johan Frederik van Reede tot de Parkeler. Thus it is at this stage that mother-of-pearl with ground color appears. However the next benchmark example of mother-of-pearl with ground color on a colored portrait picture does not appear until the 1830 (Tenpô 1) Snuff Box with Portrait of Philipp Franz von Siebold’s Wife and Daughter in Mother-of-Pearl Inlay. In 1806 the Dutch commissioner Hendrik Doeff was en route to an audience with the shôgun when he saw objects with shell inlay at Aogaiya (shell work shop) in Kyoto and placed an order for such goods. Starting in the 6th month of that year Aogaiya moved to Nagasaki and became a merchant that dealt with the traders on Deshima. While up until around 1800 export lacquer wares consisted largely of planar items such as plaques, plaquettes and pen cases, or large-scale items such as furniture, an order list sent to the shell inlay merchant in 1814 indicates that with the new participation of the shell inlay merchant, there was then a shift to a richer variety of small items. Next we investigated works from European collections, namely the Paint Box with Design of Landscape, Birds and Flowers in Maki-e and Mother-of-Pearl Inlay that corresponds to no. 448 in the collection catalogue of Jan Cock Blomhoff (1779-1853) who was both warehouse manager and trading commissioner on Deshima, and the Snuff Box with Portrait of Johann Bartholomäus von Siebold in Mother-of-Pearl Inlay, a work with the portrait made in mother-of-pearl with ground color worked solely in silver leaf and ink lines, found amongst the Philipp Franz von Siebold (1796-1866) materials. These works, along with the Tobacco Box with Design of Venus and l\u27Amour in Maki-e and Mother-of-Pearl Inlay, can be positioned as early examples of mother-of-pearl inlay with ground color. Nagasaki trade declined in the Tenpô era (1830-44) and this meant Aogaiya similarly went through difficulties. But then in 1840 (Tenpô 11), they participated in an attendance on the shôgun by Nagasaki businessmen. It was the general rule at the time that Kyoto was the center of export lacquer production, but then real power shifted to Nagasaki merchants and at some point this meant a shift of export lacquer production locale from Kyoto to Nagasaki. In 1848 (Kaei 1), we can see that Nagasaki merchants other than lacquer merchants also began to use mother-of-pearl decoration and that Nagasaki-made mother-of-pearl with ground color wares were being exported via Chinese merchants. We can thus determine that it was the presence of Chinese merchants that aided the export of such works to Thailand. However, given the imagery in the door\u27s lacquer paintings, the Wagôjin image by Nagasaki painter Ishizaki Yûsai (1810-62) and the presence of the Kurokawa family who did lacquer painting, it is highly likely that the lacquer door paintings in Thailand were made in Nagasaki. Judging from information on the activities of the export lacquerware merchants in Nagasaki and lacquer paintings, the author believes that a newly invigorated Nagasaki merchant was connected to the Wat Ratchapradit lacquer doors. Prior to these studies the Aogai maki-e hinagata hikae (Miniature Design Book for Furniture in Maki-e and Mother-of-Pearl Inlay) and Nurimono hinagata hikae (Miniature Design Book for Furniture in Maki-e and Mother-of-Pearl Inlay) have been considered the two basic texts on Nagasaki-produced mother-of-pearl with ground color. While these books with hinagata, literally miniature, in their titles mean that these books are materials related to set shapes and sizes they cannot be considered fundamental materials for mother-of-pearl with ground color works. The Wat Ratchapradit door materials provide an opportunity for comparing materials and techniques in mother-of-pearl with ground color works, and allow a tightening of production time frames for mother-of-pearl with ground color works which have previously only had a relatively broad chronological framework. These materials are also important given their reflection of the characteristics of Nagasaki-produced mother-of-pearl with ground color. Through a study of the door materials at Wat Nang Chi and the Japanese-made lacquer items in the Thai royal household, we can begin to see a new aspect of 19th-century Nagasaki trade

アイヌ及び日本人舌形態の人類学的観察

Article信州醫學雜誌 5(6): 387-392(1956)journal articl

3種類のビデオ喉頭鏡Glidescope®，Kingvision®スタンダードブレード，McGRATH®による気管挿管時間と喉頭視野の比較検討

近年ビデオモニタを装備した間接視型喉頭鏡が開発され，その操作性に注目が集まっている．ビデオ喉頭鏡はブレードの先端付近にCCDカメラを有しており，カメラで捉えた声門部の画像をモニター画面で確認することで気管挿管操作を行う．すなわち従来の直接視型喉頭鏡のように声門部を直視できなくても，ブレード先端のカメラで声門を確認できれば気管チューブを気管に誘導することが可能である．従来のMacintosh型喉頭鏡に対する有意性を示す報告はこれまで多くみられるが，各ビデオ喉頭鏡の間での操作性の比較においては一定の見解が得られていない．今回チューブガイドのないビデオ喉頭鏡であるGlidescope®(G群)，Kingvision®スタンダードブレード(K群)，McGRATH®(M群)を全身麻酔の気管挿管の際に用い，挿管時間，喉頭視野を比較検討した．本研究は昭和大学医学部医の倫理委員会の承認を得ている．気管挿管を用いた全身麻酔を施行する定期手術患者で，書面での同意が得られたASA1から3の患者，各群30名ずつ計90名を対象とした．3種類のうちどのデバイスを用いるかは入室時に無作為に決定された．全身麻酔の導入にはプロポフォール，ロクロニウム，レミフェンタニル，フェンタニルを使用し，マスクによる十分な酸素化ののち気管挿管を施行した．気管挿管は麻酔科専門医以上が担当した．主要評価項目は挿管時間，喉頭視野の尺度であるCormack/Lehane分類であり，挿管施行者とは独立した評価者が計測を行った．ここで挿管時間とは，デバイスを手に持った時点から挿管後呼吸バッグを押して胸郭の拳上を確認した時点までの時間とする．気管挿管はすべての群において全例1回目で成功し有害事象の発生はなかった．挿管時間はG群で32.24±7.07秒，K群で32.07±6.17秒，M群で28.65±5.78秒となり，G群・K群に比較してM群で有意に挿管時間が短くなった(P＜0.05)．喉頭視野はG群・M群に比較してK群で有意にCormackグレードが低くなり，M群はG群に比較してCormackグレードが有意に低下した．M群では喉頭展開から挿管終了までの時間が他群に比較して有意に短かったことが挿管時間全体の短縮に寄与したと思われる．このことはMcGRATH®において気管チューブを声門部に誘導する際の操作性が優れていることを示唆している．3種類のチューブガイドのないビデオ喉頭鏡のうちMcGRATH®は有意に短い時間で挿管可能であった

ICTを活用する算数授業のアクション・リサーチ : 個性的かつ協働的な学びの実現

資料・研究ノー

日本の精神科病院における禁煙状況と禁煙化への障壁についての考察

BACKGROUND: A number of studies have reported that smoking rates are higher and smoking cessation rates are lower in patients with mental disorders than in the general population. Despite the harmful effects of smoking, implementing total smoking bans in mental health hospitals is difficult. We investigate the status of smoking bans and the barriers to the implementation of total smoking bans in Japanese mental health hospitals. METHODS: A questionnaire survey was administered to the directors of 1242 Japanese mental health hospitals in March 2013. RESULTS: Forty-nine percent (n = 612) of the hospital directors responded. Of these, 24 % implemented total smoking bans and 14 % limited the bans to hospital buildings. In 66 and 68 % of the remaining hospitals, smoking rooms were located in open and closed wards, respectively, and completely separate from nonsmoking areas. Hospitals that had not implemented total smoking bans were concerned that introducing a total ban would exacerbate patients' psychiatric symptoms (46 %) or increase the incidence of surreptitious smoking (65 %). However, of the hospitals that had implemented total smoking bans, only 2 and 30 % identified "aggravation of psychiatric symptoms" and "increased surreptitious smoking" as disadvantages, respectively. The other concerns regarding the implementation of total smoking bans were staff opposition (21 %) and incidence of smoking around hospital grounds (46 %). These concerns were overcome by educating staff about smoking and cleaning the area around the hospital. CONCLUSIONS: There are some barriers to implementing total smoking bans in Japanese mental health hospitals. However, our study indicates that implementation of total smoking bans in mental health hospitals was minimally problematic and that barriers to the implementation of smoking bans could be overcome. As the current number of hospitals that have implemented total smoking bans is low in Japan, more hospitals should introduce total smoking bans.博士（医学）・乙第1376号・平成28年3月15日Copyright © 2015 Hashimoto et al. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/ publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated

閉鎖孔ヘルニア：44例の検討

2000年7月～2019年8月に当院で手術を施行した閉鎖孔ヘルニア44例を対象とし，臨床所見について後ろ向きに検討した．症例は高齢のやせ型女性に多かった．39例で緊急手術を要し，嵌頓を認めたものは32例，腸管切除を施行したものは8例であった．嵌頓形式はRichter型嵌頓28例と全係蹄型嵌頓4例であった．Richter型嵌頓は左側に多く，全係蹄型嵌頓は右側に多く，かつ腸管切除例が多かった．小腸嵌頓症例で腸管切除群8例と非切除群24例を比較すると，発症から手術までの時間は切除群で有意に長く，cut off値は33時間であった．術後創部感染を含む術後合併症は切除群で多い傾向にあった．閉鎖孔ヘルニアは全係蹄型嵌頓で腸管切除リスクが高く，発症から時間が経つほど切除リスクが上がり，術後回復経過に影響を及ぼす結果となった．閉鎖孔ヘルニアの診療では迅速な診断および治療が必要であると考えられた

有機リン系薬剤中毒（疑い）に係る医療機関・捜査機関・行政機関の連携事例

農薬等中毒事例においては初期対応が最も重要であり、今回、医療機関、捜査機関、保健福祉事務所等行政機関の連携が円滑に進展した事例について紹介する。　平成２２年４月某日、飯田保健福祉事務所（以下「当所」という。）へ医療機関より２名の有機リン系薬剤中毒が疑われる症例の相談があった。２名は同種の容器に入った市販のコーヒー飲料（以下「コーヒー」という。）を飲んだ後に健康被害が生じていることから食中毒等が疑われた。当所では、連絡を受けた後、飯田警察署（以下「警察署」という。）に連絡し、警察署員とともに調査した。調査の結果、製造過程での異物混入が考えにくいこと等から、以後警察署に協力しつつ、捜査の進展を見守ることとした。Article信州公衆衛生雑誌 5(1): 74-75(2010)journal articl