153 research outputs found
Analysis of Defects in the Clinical Specimens and Observation on Effect of Process Reengineering
目的 对临床标本送检流程进行改进,规范标本的储存和运送流程,以降低临床标本的不合格率。方法 成立标本流程再造团队,统计2014年1—12月及2015年1—12月的不合格的检验标本,绘制标本采集运送流程,分析临床标本送检的流程,对存在的缺陷环节进行分析,进而制定改进措施,对标本的采集、标本的存储、交接及运送进行流程优化再造。对比再造流程前后标本送检的不合格率。结果 标本不合格率由2014年的2.73‰下降至2015年的2.12‰(P〈0.01)。结论 对临床标本运送流程进行分析改进,有效降低标本不合格率,提高标本管理的有效性,确保医疗护理安全。Objective To improve the procedure of clinical specimen delivery, standardize the storage and delivery of specimens, so as to reduce the disqualification rate of clinical specimens. Methods Specimen reengineering team was established, and unqualified specimens from January to December 2014 and January to December 2015 were collected. Drawing specimen collection and transportation process, and the existing defects were analyzed, then the improvement measures are made. The process of specimen collection, specimen storage, hand over and delivery was optimized. The unqualified rate of the sample before and after the reconstruction process was compared. Results The rate of unqualified specimens declined from 2.73%0 in 2014 to 2.12‰ in 2015 (P 〈 0.01). Conclusion The analysis and improvement of clinical specimen delivery process can effectively reduce the rate of specimen failure, improve the effectiveness of specimen management, and ensure the safety of medical care
Research on the rapid inactivation of typical algae blooms by hydroxyl radical
以典型水华藻铜绿微囊藻、针杆藻和四尾栅藻为研究对象,利用大气压强电离放电高效生成的羟基自由基(·OH)对3种藻进行杀灭.采用荧光染色、流式细胞仪; 和光合活性等生物学方法,确定·OH杀灭的阈值浓度和时间,并观察细胞形态变化.结果表明,当混合藻中铜绿微囊藻、针杆藻和四尾栅藻的初始藻密度分别为1; 9.5*10~4、21.8*10~4和4.90*10~4cells/mL时,; ·OH杀灭的阈值浓度为1.07mg/L,致死时间为4.5s;形态观察结果表明,处理后各种藻的形态是完整的,无内溶质溢出.因此,采用·OH可实现高; 效快速杀灭水华藻,有效保障饮用水安全.Algae blooming in water sources breaks out increasingly and seriously; threatened the water supply safety. Bench scale tests were conducted to; study the effects of ·OH generated from strong ionization discharge and; high pressure water jet cavitation on cell density, cell integrity and; photosynthetic capacity of 3kinds of typical freshwater algae. Algae; species including Microcystis aeruginosa, Synedra sp., and Scenedesmus; quadricuauda were respectively prepared at concentrations of 19.5*10~4,; 21.8*10~4 and 4.90*10~4 cells/mL, and the cell integrity was assessed by; flow cytometry. Results suggested that the ·OH lethal threshold of the; algae was 1.07mg/L within the exposure time of 4.5s. The cell; morphological observation results showed that all the cells were; integral and no cytoplasm composition spilled. Hence, large-scale; production of ·OH is a novel method to inactive typical algae species; efficiently and to protect drinking water safety simultaneously.国家科技支撑计划资助项目; 国家重大科研仪器研制项
磷酸盐的添加对甲烷氧化偶联反应镧基催化剂的影响
采用柠檬酸法制备了不同含量磷酸盐修饰的镧基催化剂,考察了磷酸盐的添加对镧基催化剂甲烷氧化偶联反应(OCM)活性的影响,并借助X射线衍射(XRD)、O2-程序升温脱附(O2-TPD)及X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等手段对催化剂的理化性质进行了表征.结果表明,随着磷酸盐加入量的增大,催化剂样品的粒径逐渐减少,催化剂的物相由La2O3向La3PO7和LaPO4逐步转变.当催化剂的物相由La2O3和适量的La3PO7构成时,催化剂具有较多的表面缺陷位点数和较大的亲电氧物种/晶格氧物种比值,并呈现出良好的OCM反应性能.国家自然科学基金(批准号:21373169);;教育部创新团队发展计划项目(批准号IRT1036)资助~
Treatment of algae bloom water using ·OH based on conventional drinking water process
我国水体的富营养化日益严重,水源地出现季节性藻类爆发现象,严重威胁饮用水安全。以厦门市莲坂水厂各工艺段出水为研究对象,采用大气压强电离放电产生羟; 基自由基(·OH),分别对水源水、混凝沉淀出水、砂滤出水进行处理,处理时间为4.5 s。当注入总氧化剂浓度为1.8 mg·; L~(-1)时,高藻浓度从25.3*10~4 cells · mL~(-1)降到800 cells ·; mL~(-1);对混凝沉淀出水注入总氧化剂0.6 mg· L~(-1)、砂滤出水注入0.2 mg·; L~(-1)时,藻细胞都未检出;·OH处理后CODMn、TOC及UV254均有明显降低,砂滤出水三卤甲烷小于8; mug·L~(-1);检测的各项指标均达到国家《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB; 5479-2006)。因此,·OH可快速有效安全地杀灭高藻,为我国高藻水源地饮用水卫生安全保障提供技术支撑。Due to the increasing eutrophication in China, harmful algae blooms; often occur in water body periodically, which poses serious threats to; drinking water safety. Using a strong ionization discharge technology at; atmosphere pressure, ·OH was used to remove algae bloom. Other; conventional process such as coagulation, sedimentation and sand; filtration were applied respectively in the Lianban Water Plant in; Xiamen (China). The total reaction time required in the three water; processes was only 4.5 s. When the total reactive oxidant (TRO); concentration injected to algae bloom water was 1.8 mg·L~(-1), the algae; content was decreased by ·OH from 25.3*10~4 cells·mL~(-1) to 800; cells·mL~(-1). When the TRO that was injected into coagulation,; sedimentation and sand filtration water achieved 0.6 mg·L~(-1) and 0.2; mg·L~(-1), respectively, the algae contents were not detected (ND) in; treated effluents. At the same time, water quality in CODMn, TOC and; UV254 were decreased and the disinfection by-products(DBPs) such as,; trihalomethanes (THMs) concentration was lower than 8 mug·L~(-1) in; treated effluents. The treated effluent, resulting from this technology,; met the requirement of the National Drinking Water Standards (GB; 5479-2006). Therefore, ·OH was effective and safe to remove freshwater; algae without further treatment being required.国家科技支撑计划项目; 国家重大科研仪器研制项目; 科技部创新人才推进计划重点领域创新团
基于中医传承辅助平台挖掘《金匮要略》水气病用药规律
目的:研究《金匮要略》中治疗水气病的用药规律,为临床治疗水气病选方和用药提供参考。方法:收集并筛选《中华医典》中治疗水气病的方剂,应用中医传承辅助平台(V2.5)软件,采用频数分析、关联规则Apriori算法、改进的互信息法等数据挖掘方法对药物配伍规律进行挖掘。结果:共筛选治疗水气病处方101首,涉及107味中药,其中使用频次最高的三位药物为甘草、茯苓、桂枝;选择相关度为7、惩罚度为2,应用复杂系统熵聚类的层次聚类分析演化出3-4味药的核心组合12个,新处方6首。结论:《金匮要略》中治疗水气病以宣肺发汗,健脾利水,温阳散寒为主,反映了\"发汗利水、温阳健脾\"的祛邪与扶正兼顾之治则治法。江苏省中医药管理局江苏省中医药领军人才资助项目(SLJ0227):江苏省中医药领军人才资助项目,负责人:战丽彬;;\n江苏省教育厅江苏省大学生创新创业训练计划重点项目(201710315001Z):肠道菌群在脾虚证发病学中的意义探究,负责人:胡
铁皮石斛多糖通过上皮-间质转化抗肝纤维化
目的探讨铁皮石斛多糖(DOP)对CCl4 诱导肝纤维化(HF)的影响及其作用机制。方法将56 只雄性SD 大鼠随机分为七组:正常组(NG)、模型组(MG)、秋水仙碱组(CG, 0.1mg/ kg)、扶正化瘀组(FG, 0.45g/kg)、低剂量DOP 组(LDG, 0.05 g/kg)、中剂量DOP 组(MDG, 0.1 g/kg)和高剂量DOP 组(HDG,0.2 g/kg),每组8 只。采用皮下注射40% CCl4 橄榄油混合液制备HF 大鼠模型,每3 d 注射1次,共10周。造模第6周结束后,各药物组分别给予秋水仙碱、扶正化瘀和DOP 溶液灌胃处理,NG 和MG 大鼠给予等量0.9 % 生理盐水处理,每天1次,连续4周。各组大鼠肝组织病理学采用苏木精-伊红(HE)、Masson 染色、天狼星红(Sirius red)染色检测;肝功能和肝纤四项指标采用血液生化法检测;肝组织中α-SMA、Col-I、E-cadherin、ZEB1 基因和蛋白的表达分别采用RT-qPCR 法和Western Blot 法检测。结果HE、Masson、Sirius red 染色结果显示MG 大鼠肝脏组织出现典型的HF 病理特征,LDG、MDG 和HDG 大鼠HF 均出现不同程度改善。肝功能检测结果显示,LDG、MDG、HDG 大鼠的血清AST、TBIL、AKP 水平与MG 相比均显著降低(P < 0.05或 < 0.01),血清ALT 水平除LDG 外均显著降低(P < 0.05或 < 0.01)。肝纤四项指标检测结果显示,LDG、MDG、HDG 大鼠的血清HA、LN、PC-Ⅲ、COL-Ⅳ 含量与MG 比较均明显下降(P < 0.05或 < 0.01)。基因、蛋白检测结果显示,LDG、MDG、HDG 大鼠肝组织中α-SMA、COL-I、ZEB1 的相对表达量明显降低(P < 0.05或 < 0.01),而E-cadherin 的相对表达量升高(P < 0.05或 < 0.01)。此外,HA、α-SMA、COL-I、ZEB1、E-cadherin 的表达均存在一定的DOP 剂量依赖性。结论DOP 可通过抑制大鼠肝组织的上皮-间质转化减轻CCl4 诱导的HF 程度
珠三角地区变应性鼻炎和/或支气管哮喘患者皮下特异性免疫治疗依从性的真实世界研究
目的了解珠三角地区变应性鼻炎(AR)和/或支气管哮喘患者(BA)中止皮下变应原免疫治疗(SCIT)的原因,为提高患者SCIT的依从性提供参考依据。方法本研究是一项回顾性、多中心、大样本的真实世界研究,收集和分析2015年1月到2020年12月在珠三角地区6家三甲医院接受SCIT的AR和/或BA患者的临床资料,并对中止治疗患者的进行电话随访。结果纳入1 244例接受SCIT的患者,中止治疗427例(脱落率为34.3%);儿童、已婚、过敏家族史阳性、总IgE (tIgE)>200 U/mL的患者表现出相对良好的SCIT依从性(P值均<0.05),而单纯AR患者依从性较AR合并BA组低(P<0.05),治疗前症状评分和药物评分高的患者脱落率低(P值均<0.001)。对279例(65.3%)脱落患者进行电话随访,中止治疗的前3位原因分别是:治疗未达预期效果 (115例,41.2%)、学习生活因素(74例,26.5%)、不良反应(29例,10.4%)。脱落患者人数随时间推移而逐渐减少,在治疗第1年因“不良反应”中止治疗的患者比例较第2、3年高(P<0.05)。结论治疗未达预期效果是SCIT患者依从性不佳的首要原因,患者中止治疗集中在开始治疗的早期,家庭成员监管有助于提高SCIT的依从性,提示需要采取个体化措施减少SCIT脱落
Studies and Application of the La-based Catalysts modified by different anions for Oxidative Coupling of Methane
甲烷氧化偶联反应(OCM)制乙烯是天然气转化利用的有效途径,研制高活性、高选择性的催化剂是OCM反应的一个重要研究方向。氧化镧具有良好的储、释氧能力,常被用做OCM催化剂的主要成分,为了提高氧化镧的催化活性,我们采用柠檬酸法制备了一系列阴离子修饰的镧基催化剂,结合XRD、SEM、XPS、Raman等表征手段考察催化剂的OCM反应性能与催化剂理化性质之间的关系。主要研究结果如下: (1)当使用不同的阴离子(PO43-,SiO32-,SO42-)对镧基催化剂进行修饰时,不同的阴离子添加对氧化镧的OCM反应有不同的促进作用,其中PO43-修饰的镧基催化剂OCM性能最佳;表征发现不同阴离子的添加均可...The oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) is an important approach to the utilization of natural gas. Development of efficient and high selective catalyst is an important research direction of OCM reaction. La2O3 is widely used as the main component of OCM catalysts owing to its high oxygen storage and oxygen release capacity. In this work, a series of anion modified La-based catalysts was prepared ...学位:理学硕士院系专业:化学化工学院_物理化学学号:2052014115156
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