An Improved Algorithm for Interactive Dynamic Influence Diagrams

交互式动态影响图(I-dIdS)是基于概率图形理论的多智能体动态交互决策的图模型.为缓解该模型状态空间随时间片增加呈指数级增长的趋势,文中基于行为等价的基本思想压缩状态空间,提出构建EPSIlOn行为等价类的方法:利用有向无环图表示其它AgEnT可能的信度和行为,把信度在空间上接近的模型聚为一类,实现自顶向下合并行为等价模型.该过程避免求解状态空间中的所有候选模型,节省了存储空间和计算时间.模型实例上的仿真结果显示了该算法的有效性.Interactive Dynamic Influence Diagrams(I-DIDs), as graphic models based on probabilistic graphical theory, are proposed to represent, the sequential decision-making problem over multiple time steps in the presence of other interacting agents.The algorithms for solving I-DIDs are haunted by the challenge of an exponentially growing space of candidate models ascribed to other agents over time.In this paper, in order to reduce the candidate model space according the behaviorally equivalent theory, a more efficient way to construct Epsilon behavior equivalence classes is discussed that using belief-behavior graph (BBG).A method of solving I-DIDs approximately is presented, which avoids solving all candidate models by clustering models with beliefs that are spatially close and selecting a representative one from each cluster.The simulation results show the validity of the improved algorithm.国家自然科学基金资助项目(60975052

油酰乙醇胺对血管紧张素Ⅱ诱导的血管平滑肌细胞增殖的影响

目的研究油酰乙醇胺(OEA)对血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)刺激大鼠主动脉血管平滑肌细胞(VSMCs)增殖的抑制作用以及对p38信号通路的影响。方法分离大鼠胸主动脉,组织贴块法培养VSMCs,AngⅡ刺激VSMCs建立细胞增殖模型,不同浓度OEA(5,10,20μmol/L)作用后,用溴脱氧核苷尿嘧啶(BrdU)掺入的方法检测细胞增殖活性;流式细胞术检测细胞周期变化;Western-bolt法检测对P-p38和p38蛋白表达的影响。结果与AngⅡ组比较,随着OEA浓度升高,VSMCs的增殖受到抑制、G0/G1比例显著升高,G2/M比例显著降低,且P-p38和p38蛋白的表达量降低并呈浓度依赖关系。结论 OEA对VSMCs的增殖有抑制作用,其机制可能是抑制了p38MAPK信号通路

Cytochemical Study of Lipids and Polysaccharides on the Developing Anthers of Torenia fournieri

对蓝猪耳花药发育中营养物质的分布和转化过程进行组织化学研究,结果表明:在造孢细胞时期,药壁细胞没有营养物质的积累,但在造孢细胞中有少量的脂滴;在小孢子母细胞时期,表皮细胞中出现淀粉粒,而在绒毡层细胞中出现脂滴,小孢子母细胞中也有脂滴的分布;在四分体时期,四分体小孢子中出现淀粉粒,绒毡层细胞脂滴增加;在小孢子早期,药室内壁细胞中出现淀粉粒,绒毡层继续积累脂滴,而小孢子中开始出现脂滴;到小孢子晚期,绒毡层细胞降解,细胞残留物中出现较多脂滴;在二胞花粉早期,花粉中的大液泡消失,花粉开始积累淀粉粒;在即将开花的成熟花粉中则积累了大量的脂滴和少量的淀粉粒。蓝猪耳花药发育中多糖和脂滴两种营养物质的积累和分布具有一定的时、空特点,反映出花药发育中营养物质积累的规律。The distribution of polysaccharides and lipid drops displayed some characters during the anther development of Torenia fournieri.At the sporogenous cell stage,neither starches nor lipids were in anther wall cells.Only a few lipids were in sporogenous cells.Before the meiosis of microspore mother cells,a few polysaccharides appeared in epidemic cells and a few lipid drops in tapetal cells which did not differentiate completely at this time.At the tetrad stage a few polysaccharides appeared in microspores and lipids in tapetal cells increased.After microspores were released from tetrads(early microspore stage),starches appeared in endothecium cells and lipids in tapetal cells still increased.A few lipids appeared in microspores.At late microspore stage,tapetal cells began to degenerate,there were many lipids in degenerating tapetal cells.At early bicellular pollen stage,pollen began to accumulate lipids.With pollen development,many lipids were accumulated in vegetative cell of nearly mature pollen.国家自然科学基金(30970275)资

Bacterial community and its relation to environmental variables in a subtropical stratified reservoir for drinking water supply in autumn

水库在我国东南沿海地区是重要的饮用水水源地,对地区经济发展和社会稳定起到重要作用。选择亚热带地区典型的热分层水库——福建莆田东圳水库,于2011年秋季稳定分层期,以水体温度的垂直变化特征为依据进行分层采样。应用PCrdggE和克隆测序的方法研究浮游细菌群落的垂直分布特征,利用多元统计分析揭示细菌群落与热分层水体理化指标之间的关系。结果显示:溶解氧、电导率、叶绿素A、总氮、氨氮及硝氮在上下层水体中的分布有显著差异,下层缺氧区细菌的SHAnnOnWIEnEr指数和dggE条带数明显高于上层好氧区,表明东圳水库热分层水体中存在明显的物理、化学及生物分层现象。测序结果表明β-变形菌可能是东圳水库中占优势的细菌类群,统计结果提示溶解氧是显著影响细菌群落组成的环境因子。热分层水体的物理化学分层与水体细菌群落结构密切相关,提示水库生态学研究应对水体热分层给予重视。Fujian reservoirs in southeast China are important water resources for economic and social sustainable development,although few have been studied previously.Dongzhen Reservoir,a typical subtropical stratified reservoir in Fujian,was chosen for investigation of bacterial distribution,composition and diversity in autumn 2011.As the only built large reservoir in Putian City,it plays an important role in irrigation,flood control,hydroelectric power,and water supply.Dongzhen Reservoir shows an obvious phenomenon of water thermal stratification during summer and autumn,thus creates a unique gradient of environmental variables along the water column.We investigated the bacterial community and its relation to environmental variables in this study for a better understanding of vertical distribution of bacterial community and theprimary environmental drivers in a stratified reservoir.Five water samples were collected from five different depths according to the vertical changes of temperature.Both PCR-DGGE and sequencing were used to investigate the bacterial community and diversity.Moreover,physical and chemical parameters were measured according to the national standard methods.Multivariate statistical techniques were used to examine the relationship between bacterial community and environmental variables.Principal component analysis( PCA) clearly showed that water temperature,dissolved oxygen( DO),chlorophyll a( Chl a),total nitrogen( TN),ammonia nitrogen( NH4-N),nitrite / nitrate nitrogen( NOx-N) and electric conductivity of the upper aerobic zone were differed from those of the deeper anoxic zone.Both the number of DGGE bands and the Shannon-Wiener index of the deeper anoxic zone were higher than those of the upper aerobic zone.Further,two groups were distinguished by the cluster analysis of bacterial communities based on the Bray-Curtis similarity.Thus,Dongzhen Reservoir presented an obviously physical,chemical,and biological stratified phenomenon.Seven bands that common to all sampling depths were extracted and sequenced,and among which four were identified as Betaproteobacteria,indicating that Betaproteobacteria were the most dominant taxa in Dongzhen Reservoir in autumn.Bacterial community composition and diversity differed greatly among different sampling depths,and these differences were closely related to the physical and chemical stratification of the water body.Redundancy analysis( RDA) demonstrated DO was the significant environmental variable that shaping the bacterial community and diversity( P < 0.01).Therefore,we should pay more attention to DO and thermal stratification of reservoirs for sustainable reservoir management.国家重大科学研究计划(2012CB956103); 中国科学院知识创新工程方向项目(KZCX2-YW-QN401); 国家自然科学基金面上项目(31172114); 福建省杰出青年科学基金项目(2012J06009

In situ probing electrified interfacial water structures at atomically flat surfaces using Raman spectroscopy

自然界中水无处不在，人们对水分子的研究已经长达一个多世纪。特别是在材料表面，从原子结构层面理解界面水所发生的各种物理和化学过程，将有利于指导能源和环境领域中开发更好的技术和器件。文献中采用振动光谱已经推知了水在金属界面的不同构型，如四配位水、三配位水、表面特性吸附水、自由水等。然而，仍然缺乏这些界面水在不同电位下清晰的构型图像。李剑锋教授课题组采用不受体相水干扰的表面增强拉曼光谱，首次在金（111）和（100）单晶电极表面上获得了界面水的拉曼信号，并且在析氢反应过程中原位观测到了界面水的两种构型转变。发现界面水随着电位的负移，由“平行”结构向“单端氢朝下”，再向“双端氢朝下”变化。程俊教授课题组采用从头算分子动力学理论方法，模拟出不同电位下，在双电层中界面水的三种构型以及相应的氢键数目，与实验数据很好地吻合，进一步揭示了双电层的原子级结构。该研究首次在实验和理论层面，将界面水的构型转变以及氢键断裂与精确的电极电势标尺进行关联，对探知双电层的三维结构具有指导性意义。 该研究工作通过厦门大学校内合作完成，化学化工学院李剑锋教授和程俊教授为通讯作者，田中群教授提供了重要指导。李超禹博士（现美国麻省理工学院博士后）和乐家波博士（现能源材料化学协同创新中心博士后）为共同第一作者，王耀辉博士生在实验上提供了帮助，物理系的陈舒博士和杨志林教授为本工作开展了电磁场增强计算【Abstract】Molecular structures of solid/liquid interfaces are of fundamental interest, and play significantly in the efficiencies of energy storage and conversion. To elucidate the structures of electric double layers at electrochemical interfaces under bias potentials, we have collaborated in situ Raman spectroscopy and ab initio molecular dynamics, and for the first time distinguished two structural transitions of interfacial water at electrified Au(111) and Au(100) single crystal electrode surfaces. Towards negative potentials, the interfacial water molecules evolve from structurally “parallel” to “one-H-down”, and further to “two-H-down”.Concurrently, the number of hydrogen bonds among the interfacial water shows an overall decrease along with the negative shift of the potential, and undergoes two transitions as well. Our findings shed light on fundamental understanding of electric double layers and electrochemical processes at the interfaces.National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants No. 21373166, 21522508, 21775127, 21521004, 21321062 and 21621091). 该工作得到国家自然科学基金委的大力资助，也得到了固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室、谱学分析与仪器教育部重点实验室、能源材料化学协同创新中心的支持

Electric-field-induced selective catalysis of single-molecule reaction

随着单分子电学检测技术的迅速发展，分子电子学的研究不再局限于分子电子学器件的构筑及其电学性质的测量，而且扩展到单分子尺度化学反应过程的探索。然而目前相关的研究仍然局限于理论计算方面，在单分子尺度上实时监测和调控化学反应的活性和选择性是化学领域的长期目标和挑战。针对这一挑战，洪文晶教授课题组与程俊教授课题组合作，自主研发了精密科学仪器，将单个有机分子定向连接在两个末端尺寸为原子级的电极之间，解决了化学反应中分子取向控制的问题.理论计算结果证实了定向电场可以有效地稳定化学反应的过渡态，从而降低反应能垒。该研究工作在化学化工学院洪文晶教授、程俊教授、能源材料化学协同创新中心（iChEM）刘俊扬副研究员的共同指导下完成，由硕士研究生黄晓艳、iChEM博士研究生唐淳、博士研究生李洁琼以及兰州大学的陈力川博士作为共同第一作者，化学化工学院师佳副教授、陈招斌高级工程师、夏海平教授和田中群教授，萨本栋微纳研究院杨扬副教授、环境与生态学院白敏冬教授以及兰州大学张浩力教授参与了研究工作的讨论并给予指导，博士后乐家波、博士研究生郑珏婷、张佩（已毕业）、李瑞豪、李晓慧也参与了研究工作。Oriented external electric fields (OEEFs) offer a unique chance to tune catalytic selectivity by orienting the alignment of the electric field along the axis of the activated bond for a specific chemical reaction; however, they remain a key experimental challenge. Here, we experimentally and theoretically investigated the OEEF-induced selective catalysis in a two-step cascade reaction of the Diels-Alder addition followed by an aromatization process. Characterized by the mechanically controllable break junction (MCBJ) technique in the nanogap and confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in bottles, OEEFs are found to selectively catalyze the aromatization reaction by one order of magnitude owing to the alignment of the electric field on the reaction axis. Meanwhile, the Diels-Alder reaction remained unchanged since its reaction axis is orthogonal to the electric fields. This orientation-selective catalytic effect of OEEFs reveals that chemical reactions can be selectively manipulated through the elegant alignment between the electric fields and the reaction axis.This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFA0204902), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21722305, 21703188, 21673195, 21621091, 51733004, 51525303, and 91745103), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2017M622060), and the Young Thousand Talents Project of China. 该工作得到国家自然科学基金委（21722305、21703188、21673195、51733004、51525303、91745103），国家重点研发计划课题（2017YFA0204902），中国博士后面上基金（2017M622060）的资助，以及固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室、醇醚酯化工清洁生产国家工程实验室、能源材料化学协同创新中心的支持

Solving Multi-agent Sequential Decision Problems Based on Interactive Dynamic Influence Diagrams

不确定性环境的决策和规划是人工智能领域研究的基本问题之一。交互式动态影响图（InteractiveDynamicInfluenceDiagrams，I-DIDs）直观地表示了多Agent决策的基本要素，包括决策、不确定性、目标以及Agent之间如何相互影响，成为求解多Agent决策的新工具。I-DIDs模型涵盖了多Agent合作，中立或竞争的问题。I-DIDs模型求解受信度表示的复杂性和策略空间的复杂性两个高复杂度问题的困扰，只能求解很小规模的问题。为了求解问题的需要，更多情况是为I-DIDs设计一些切实可行的近似求解算法。论文首先为一般的I-DIDs问题设计高效的近似算法。（1）针对I-DI...Decision-making and planning in an uncertain environment is one of the basic problems of artificial intelligence research. Interactive dynamic influence diagrams (I-DIDs) can visually represent the basic elements of multi-agent decision-making. This visual representation includes decision, uncertainty, goal, and how agents affect each other. I-DIDs have become a new tool for solving multi-agent de...学位：工学博士院系专业：信息科学与技术学院_系统工程学号：2322010015407

Improved look-ahead based DMU algorithm for interactive dynamic influence diagrams

区别模型更新(dISCrIMInATIVE MOdEl uPdATE,dMu)是一种常用的求解交互式动态影响图(InTErACTIVE dynAMIC InfluEnCE dIAgrAMS,I-dIdS)问题的算法。结合lOOkAHEAd思想提出了一种判断模型近似行为等价的改进dMu方法。所提方法首先将满足近似行为等价的模型聚类形成代表模型集合,然后自上而下对代表模型进行更新,在模型更新过程中,只更新那些与其他模型预测行为不同的模型。结合lOOkAHEAd思想提出了一种判断模型近似行为等价的方法。与dMu算法相比,该算法能迅速有效地减少模型的数量,从而减少了计算机的存储空间和运行时间,提高了算法的效率。最后通过对多AgEnT老虎问题及机器维修问题实验来验证所提方法的有效性。The discriminative model update(DMU)is a common algorithm for solving interactive dynamic influence diagrams(I-DIDs).The look-ahead method is used to give an improved discriminative model update algorithm which determines approximate behavior equivalence.Firstly,the models that are approximately behavior equivalent are clustered into a representative model set.Then the models within the representative model set are updated from top to bottom.In the updating process,only the models whose predictive behavior is different from others are updated.Compared with the DMU algorithm,the proposed algorithm can quickly and effectively reduce the model's number,thus reducing the storage space and the running time of the computer,and improving the efficiency of the algorithm.The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified through experiments on the multi-agent tiger and multi-agent machine maintenance problems.国家自然科学基金(61375070)资助课

Horse racing decision and analysis based on data-miningand neutral network

运用了数据挖掘技术和神经网络技术,对赛马数据信息进行自动获取和智能分析。首先,分析了目前赛马的有关数据,按照现存的数据信息创建相关的数据库;在数据的搜集方面,建立了一个提取器,在一些网页中读取有关的数据,大大提高了系统自动获取数据的能力;在分析与预测方面,结合了神经网络逻辑建立一个数学线性回归方程,其功能是通过已有的大量的数据资料预测出将要进行的赛事结果,即参加该场赛事的所有马匹的成绩排名。系统主要包括管理模块、数据查询模块、预测模块3大模块,其中预测模块是核心,它是利用对赛马结果有一定影响的13个因素进行数据分析,得出一个预测时间,再与由优先级数据筛选得出的时间值通过两个调节参数做出修正,得出最终的预测结果。In the process of establishing the system the KDD technology and neural networking technology have been integrared to realize the automation of import data from different homepages and the intelligence of analysis of data management. First, this text analyzes the situation of the data management in horse racing field also and establishes an extractor to collect the data from several websites according the data source to construct the relative database. The capability of automation of import data has been increased greatly. In the forecast and analysis model, a linear regression equation has been built by using the neural networking logic. The main function is to find out the prediction of horse racing through analyzing a large data. The system includes the management model, query model, forecast model. And the forecast model is principal, which analyzes the data with 13 factors that influence the result to obtain the predicted racing time. And at last, the final predicted time will be carried out by comparing and adjusting with the parameter of priority data search

Improved behavior equivalence algorithm of multi-agent interactive dynamic influence diagrams

结合前瞻搜索思想提出了一种判断模型近似行为等价的方法,首先通过比较候选模型的部分解(即策略树)判断模型近似行为等价,然后自上而下对近似行为等价模型进行快速聚类和修剪,利用代表模型将交互式动态影响图扩展成为平铺动态影响图,最后求解平铺动态影响图.算法减少了候选模型的存储空间和运行时间,提高了算法的效率.最后通过多AgEnT老虎问题及音乐会问题的实验验证了该方法的有效性.The look-ahead search method was used to give a new method for determining approximate behavior equivalence.The method first determined whether the models were approximately behavior equivalent by comparing part of the solution(i.e.policy tree),then quickly clustered top-down and pruned the models that were approximately behavior equivalent.Next,the method used representative model to expand the interactive dynamic influence diagrams into flat dynamic influence diagrams.Finally,the flat dynamic influence diagrams were solved.The method reduces the storage space and the running time,thus improves the efficiency of the algorithm.The effectiveness of the proposed method was verified through experiments on multi-agent tiger and multi-agent concert problems.国家自然科学基金资助项目(61375070