高齢者に配慮した鉄軌道車両内における吊り輪・手すりの機能性に関する研究 : 吊り輪の利用実態調査からの考察

We carried out research on train straps and handrails in railroad coaches. First, we looked for problems with how straps and handrails are installed and used. Then we set forth an evaluation method from an ergonomic viewpoint in order to solve the problems. The final purpose was to find the appropriate shapes and arrangements of straps and handrails in train coaches that enable not only elderly people but also young people to use them more conveniently. The actual use of handrails inside train coaches was shown in the previous report. The research included handrails inside subway line coaches and commuter line coaches in major cities in Japan. The research mentioned in this report included straps inside railroad coaches on the same two lines. Then, the actual use of such straps was observed. We first conducted an observation on the use of straps on the two railroad lines. Next, we sorted out and analyzed data regarding passenger characteristics and the use of straps inside train coaches. Then, we examined the results. The research revealed the following: 1) Passenger characteristics 2) Position of straps and how straps are installed 3) Use of straps 4) Conditions of passengers using straps Regarding the above four items, we carried out comparisons between the two railroad lines. Then, we studied the trend of use of straps in the two lines. In addition, we examined the causes and background of the results. We believe that the above-mentioned research results serve as basic data regarding the use of straps

時間と場所の情報を有する大量の写真資料の提示法

博物館の所蔵資料には，あるまとまりを以て資料群をなすものがある。この中には数千から数万の資料で構成されるものがある。また，文献資料では，その書面が10万におよぶものがある。このような大量の資料画像を公開するには，利用者が探そうとする画像の候補を効果的に提示することが大きな課題となる。国立歴史民俗博物館で寄贈を受けた地理学者石井實が戦後全国各地の風景を撮影した30万コマを超える写真からなる石井實フォトライブラリを主たる資料の一つとした企画展示「風景の記録」を開催した。これを機会として，大量の画像の効果的な提示方法の手掛かりを得ることを目的に，同コレクションのデジタル化が終了した34,000点の写真を対象とする提示システムを構成し，展示で公開した際に収集した利用記録を分析することにより，提示方法の評価を行った。同コレクションには，撮影日と撮影地の記録が撮影の単位毎に残されている。この単位をサブフィルムとし，場所または時間の情報を基にサブフィルムを絞り込み，見たい写真を閲覧する方法で提示システムを構成した。利用記録の分析により，以下が明らかになった。利用者が探す写真の候補をサムネイル画像の一覧で提示するとき，表示の最大画像数を大きくするとサムネイルが小さくなりその選択に影響を与えることが懸念されるが，最大画像数が40程度なら，影響を受けない。最大画像数を大きくすると場所を選択する平均画面操作数が少なくなり，全体としてのアクセス率が高まる。場所による探索と時間による探索では，前者が３倍ほど多い。閲覧される場所は利用者の生活する地域に関連している。利用者が自らの視点で写真を探している表れである。写真の閲覧において，写真一覧から一つづつ選ぶ利用者と，写真表示画面に入って次々に見る利用者の割合は，概ね半々である。但し，閲覧される画像は後者が多い。Museums have collections of materials that are grouped by certain criteria. Some collections consist of thousands to tens of thousands of materials. In the case of written materials, the number may even reach hundreds of thousands. The exhibition of such a large collection of material images always faces a difficult problem of how to present them to help visitors find what they are looking for.The National Museum of Japanese History held a special exhibition “Recording Landscapes,” which featured photography collections including Minoru Ishii Photo Library donated to the Museum. The collection contains more than 300,000 photos of landscapes all over Japan taken by geographer Minoru Ishii after World War II. By taking this opportunity, we created an exhibiting system for 34,000 digitalized photos from the collection and evaluated the system based on the record of use of the digital content displayed at the exhibition in order to gain insights on how to effectively exhibit a large collection of images. The collection had information about the date and location of each shooting, by which the photographs were categorized into sub films. Then, referring to the temporal or spatial information, we selected sub films for the exhibition and set up the exhibiting system in a way to enable visitors to view the photos they would want to see.The analysis of the record of use reveals the following points. First, although it was afraid that thumbnails would be too small to help users select photos when they display as many thumbnails as possible on the screen looking for photos they like, it proves no problem if the number of thumbnails displayed is limited to 40. If this limit is set higher, users can find spatial information with fewer clicks on average, leading to a higher access rate as a whole. The number of people who search photos by location is approximately three times more than the number of people who search by time. People usually view the locations related to their own place to live, which indicates that they select photos from their own point of view. About half the users select photos one by one from the list of thumbnails and half browse the display screen. The latter view more photos than the former does

福井県の海底文化財に関する調査

金沢大学人間社会研究域歴史言語文化学

Shrinkage of wood from planted trees of Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi, Carriere)

長野県内のいくつかの林分から得られたカラマツ人工林材の材質に関して,これまで一連の研究を進めてきた。本報告では,収縮率を測定した結果を示す。カラマツ林の多くは厳しい環境にあるため,ねじれやあて材などの欠点が含まれているものが多い。,そこで,β_l>0.4％およびβ_r/R>7の収縮率データは検討対象から除いた。年輪幅の増加に伴って,放射方向の収縮率は低下した。この傾向は容積密度数に起因している。また,年輪幅の増加に伴って収縮興方性は変化し,これは,早材若しくは晩材で測定した接線方向の収縮率に依存している。さらに,欠点をもつ材の値を除く各林分よりの収縮率のデータ表を作成した。この衆は,収縮に関する研究に役立つものと考えている。Article信州大学農学部演習林報告 37: 23-29(2001)departmental bulletin pape

The Growth and Wood Quality of Karamatsu Annual Ring Structure, Shrinkage, and Bending Strength of Karamatsu From Terasawayama University Forest

Based on current forest management practices, planting trees of karamatsu grow significantly fast in early stages, therefore, annual rings are extremely wide in early growth period, and after that, they are getting narrow gradually. Latewood width is constant in juvenile wood, and gets wide proportionally with ring width in mature wood. As the result, the percentage of latewood is very low at first, and becomes higher and higher gradually after that, and reaches stable at about 15 years. For this reason, the reduction of percentage of latewood with the increase of ring width appeared in juvenile wood can not be found in mature wood. From experimental results, it also can be found that the significant reduction of wood density, shrinkage, and bending strength with the increase of ring width did not appear in mature wood. The ring width of mature wood obtained from usual karamatsu plantation is not as wide as the ring width of juvenile wood, and even for the wider one, it is about 4～5 mm. Under this condition, it can be sure that increasing the growth rate can not decrease wood quality largely. The results presented here are only from 6 sample trees of the same site. In order to obtain more reliable results, it is necessary to study the wood from various districts. Moreover, the research here is only concerned to basic wood quality, and in order to be recognized as valuable wood for karamatsu, the subject of wood cutting, such as avoiding the low quality wood near pith according to demanded size as well as keeping less knots, are also needed to be further studied.Article信州大学農学部演習林報告 35: 101-110(1999)departmental bulletin pape

Inhibition of hypertonic saline induced cough by Loratadine in nonasthmatic patients with chronic cough

We examined the effect of loratadine（ 10mg） on the number of coughs induced by ultrasonically nebulized hypertonic saline in nine patients with chronic cough and in ten normal volunteers using a randomized， double- blind cross-over method. Each subject inhaled hypertonic saline for one minute， and the numbers of coughs during the one-minute 4.5% NaCl inhalation and the 30-second period following 4.5% NaCl inhalation were counted. There was no difference in forced expiratory volume in one second （ FEV1） or maximum expiratory flow at 25% vital capacity （ V25） before to after one-minute hypertonic saline inhalation for either patients or normal subjects. There was also no significant difference in FEV1 or V25 before to one hour after oral administration of loratadine. Placebo did not reduce the number of induced coughs for either patients or normal subjects， but loratadine significantly reduced the number of coughs for patients with chronic cough （P＝0.012）. On the other hand， loratadine did not reduce the number of coughs by normal subjects. We conclude that in patients with chronic cough， the release of histamine or other chemical mediators or high sensitivity of cough receptors to histamine may be one of the reasons for persistence of chronic cough

基盤教育科目「芸術文化論」意義と可能性 : 学生の学びと生涯教育の観点から

本稿では、2017年度から基盤教育科目として開講した「芸術文化論」について、複数年にわたって同様のテーマで行った授業回（禅、放送）を対象に、受講生の振り返りの記述データを用いてテキストマイニング分析を行い、この科目がもつ固有の意義を探った。その結果、禅の授業回では、体験自体が受講生にとって意義をもつこと、また、2019年度のほうが全体として統一感のある意味が現れていること、放送に関する授業回では、本学のミッションにまさに整合する授業内容が展開されていることが明らかとなった。一方、本学は、地域交流センターが広く市民に公開講座を開講しており、「芸術文化論」の一部の回も該当している。生涯教育の視点から捉え直すと、「芸術文化論」はわれわれが提唱している次世代型生涯学習（他の年齢層の人びとと協働して学習する）プログラムのプロトタイプとなっていることから、「芸術文化論」が拓く可能性について展望を述べる。|In this article we attempt to identify the specific significance of lectures on “culture and art” at Kobe Tokiwa University. These lectures were constructed based on a basic education course at Kobe Tokiwa University, and they began in 2017. In particular, we noticed the themes of “zen” and “broadcast” because these two themes were dealt with each year from 2017. Regarding these themes, we analyzed descriptive data of the students’ reflections through text mining methods. The results showed that in the lectures on “zen,” the experience of zen had significance for students, and through the experience, students had meaning feeing and thoughts. A complex network showed that descriptive data from 2019 had more meaning in regards to a sense of unity. Regarding the lectures on “broadcast,” results showed that our university’s mission matched that of these lectures