抗氧化剂Isoverbascoside对MGC80-3细胞抗氧化酶活性和癌基因表达的影响

以苔酚蓝拒染法、核黄素-NBT还原法、DTNB还原法及RNA斑点杂交分析法分别对经不同浓度Isoverbascoside(Isov)处理的MGC80-3 细胞的生长速率、II期抗氧化酶(超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶)活性和N-ras、C-m yc及p53 基因表达作了检测.结果显示:经Isov处理后,细胞生长明显受抑;II期抗氧化酶活性较处理前明显上升;癌基因N-ras、C-m yc的表达较处理前下降,而抑癌基因p53 表达上升. 表明Isov 的抑癌作用与诱导II期抗氧化酶活性升高和癌基因表达改变有

成人看護学実習における効果的な実習指導行動の検討 : ECTBを用いた学生評価と看護師自己評価の比較

　学生評価と実習指導に関わった看護師の自己評価を比較し、成人看護学実習における効果的な実習指導行動について検討することを目的とする。研究対象者はA大学３年生で2018年10月から2019年１月に成人看護学実習を受講した130名、及び同時期に実習指導を担当した実習施設であるB病院の看護師176名である。学生と看護師に、ECTB評価スケールを用いた調査を行った結果、ECTB評価スケールのうち、指導要素別の平均得点の比較では看護師自己評価の『学生への理解』が有意に高かった（ｐ<.05）。その他の指導要素の下位項目の平均得点では、「学生に対して看護者としてよいモデルになっていますか」、「学生が学ぶことの必要性や学習目標を認識できるよう支援してくれていますか」、他２項目で学生評価の方が有意に高かった（ｐ<.05）。本研究結果から学生と看護師の間で、学生の理解についての受け止め方に違いがあることが明らかになった。指導者が学生をリラックスさせるよう配慮していても、学生はその配慮を指導者ほど高く評価しておらず、学生は緊張時にさらなる配慮や別の方法で配慮を求めていることが考えられる。また、学生は、臨床場面での緊張は高いと考えられるが、患者との接し方や学生間でのディスカッションおよび看護師から助言を受けることで効果的な指導を受けたと評価していると推察された。実習形態が変更となったため、実習に臨む前に、学内での取り組みを強化し、十分な準備を行えるよう検討することが必要と示唆された

中能区40Ar+115In/58Ni/27Al反应中出射碎片和轻带电粒子性质研究

<font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;复杂碎片(或中等质量碎片IMFs)及轻带电粒子的发射是中能重离子反应出射产物的一个重要方面. 本文重点研究了40Ar(25MeV/u)+115In/58Ni/27Al等反应的出射碎片及轻粒子的发射机制, 并同时在理论上研究了费米能区25&minus;100MeV/u范围内40Ar+58Ni/115In等碰撞体系碎片动力学性质.</font> <p align="justify"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 从出射碎片的能谱、角分布及Z电荷分布出发, 讨论了不同碎片发射机制随探测角和核电荷数Z的渐进变化及不同靶子下角分布与Z电荷分布的不同特征; 在前角区碎片的高能成分主要来自于弹核碎裂的反应过程, 弹核附近的类弹碎片还有准弹性散射及转移反应的贡献, 除此之外, 碎片产物中还有少部分来自于深部非弹或类熔合核的能量较低的成分; 在大于擦边角的中角区, 出射碎片以非平衡的中速成分和低能平衡蒸发成分为主.</font></p><p align="justify"><font face="times new roman,times">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 用改进的量子分子动力学(MQMD)模型研究了40Ar(25MeV/u)+115In/58Ni的出射碎片的角分布及Z电荷分布, 理论计算值和实验值整体上符合的很好, 但在前角区, MQMD模型低估了碎片的产额, 在中角区对于Z接近弹核的碎片，理论计算值比实验值偏高, 文中对此做了分析和讨论; 碎片产物的角分布及Z电荷分布还与统计模型GEMINI计算值进行了比较, 发现在前角区平衡蒸发的成分所占比例很小, 中角区所占的比例有所增加, 但仍然是较小的比例. 随着碎片核电荷数Z的减小, 平衡核的蒸发成分逐渐减少, 非平衡的中速成分逐渐占主导地位.</font></p><p align="justify"><font face="times new roman,times">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 用MQMD模型给出了40Ar(25MeV/u)+58Ni/115In反应系统在不同碰撞参数时的组态空间X&minus;Z平面内粒子分布随时间的演化情况, 讨论了反应机制对碰撞参数的依赖关系以及始态和末态核子数分布的相关性.</font></p><p align="justify"><font face="times new roman,times">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;用MQMD模型研究了费米能区25&minus;100MeV/u的范围内40Ar+58Ni碰撞体系的时间演化过程. 重点考察了与碎片动力学形成相关的一些宏观物理量在不同的入射能量和碰撞参数下如何从非平衡向平衡状态发展, 如IMF平均多重性、碰撞体系反应区域的最大和平均密度、反应体系在动量空间中的非平衡因子及最大结团核内的动量分布宽度等. 得到了中能区重离子反应的碎片发射的物理图象, 讨论了碎片发射的时间尺度,在入射能量为100,75,55,35,25MeV/u时,40Ar+58Ni反应系统达到Freeze&ndash;out的时间点分别为65,75,90,105,115fm/c.</font></p><p align="justify"><font face="times new roman,times">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 研究了40Ar(25MeV/u)+115In反应15&deg;的出射碎片(Z=4&minus;14)与邻近小角度几何条件下轻带电粒子的能量关联, 轻带电粒子包括质子、氘、氚和&alpha;粒子等, 观察到了相继衰变机制的存在. 在两体相继衰变中, 轻带电粒子和碎片的关联角度谱在小角度成峰, 最可几角度在2&deg;左右; 质量较轻的原始出射产物容易受到激发, 通过发射轻粒子而衰变成轻IMFs; 在两体相继衰变中, 质量较重的轻带电粒子的产额要高于质量较轻的轻带电粒子的产额,与轻带电粒子质子、氘、氚和&alpha;粒子关联的碎片(Z=4&minus;14)总的产额比为1:1.3:1.78:7.57.</font></p><p align="justify"><font face="times new roman,times">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;在40Ar(25MeV/u)+115In反应的在平面和出平面大角度关联测量中, 提取了碎片(Z=3&minus;15)和&alpha;粒子之间的方位角关联函数和反映集体转动效应的方位角非对称性因子. 在出平面&phi;=90&deg;, 方位角关联函数呈现为最小值, 表明在吸引的核平均场的作用形成的集体类转动效应的影响下, 反应过程中产生的轻粒子和碎片优先在反应平面内发射; 随着符合关联对质量的增加, 在平面符合粒子的发射在束流轴的两侧的左右不对称性逐渐增大, 粒子越来越优先向被符合对象的异侧一方发射, 这种异同侧的非对称性的特点可能是在反应初始阶段建立起来的; 随着符合关联对质量的增加, 相继衰变和粒子末态相互作用对&phi;=0&deg;的关联粒子对的小角度方位角关联函数值的影响逐渐降低并直至消失, 当去掉相继衰变和粒子末态相互作用的影响后，得到了&phi;=0&deg;的关联粒子对小角度的比较真实的方位角关联函数值; 粒子方位角各向异性发射的特征对关联粒子对的质量有较强的依赖关系, 即随着关联粒子对的质量增加, 方位角非对称性在增加, 集体转动效应增强, 在平面发射的粒子增多, 出平面的粒子发射减少.</font></p><p align="justify"><font face="times new roman,times">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 通过精密脉冲发生器+电荷端子替换CsI(Tl)+PD对过零时间法进行了模拟测量, 成功地检验了过零时间法的可行性. 并首次引入信号处理理论的拉普拉斯变换方法分析了过零时间法鉴别轻带电粒子的系统网络线路, 理论计算重现了模拟测量的实验结果. 通过理论计算, 还首次成功地解释了40Ar(25MeV/u)和12C(46.7MeV/u)轰击实验中谱仪放大器成形时间常数的选取对粒子鉴别结果的影响, 找出了系统配置的最佳成形时间常数&tau;opt(&sim;6&mu;s), 为后续研制与这种CsI(Tl) +PD探测器相配套的专用电子学线路模块提供了理论上的指导和依据. 阐述了信号处理理论的拉普拉斯变换分析方法应用于重离子核物理实验的必要性.</font></p><p align="justify"><font face="times new roman,times">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 为配合上述研究, 完成了用于中能重离子反应的对数密度大动态范围多叠层探测器系统及其他探测器的研制. 对数密度多叠层探测器系统的测量动态范围大, 能同时给出入射粒子的位置和能量信号, 具有较低的能量探测阈, 同时具有良好的能量分辨、位置分辨和Z分辨本领，是一种理想的碎片探测器.</font></p><p align="justify"><font face="times new roman,times">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; One of the most important aspects of the products emitted in the heavy ion reaction is the complex fragments (or the Intermediate Mass Fragments&minus;IMFs) and the Light Charged Particles (LCPs). In this paper, the emission mechanisms of the fragments and LCPs emitted in the reactions of 40Ar(25MeV/u)+115In/58Ni/27Al are investigated. Also the dynamics aspects of the fragments that come from the collision systems of 40Ar+58Ni/115In are theoretically studied over the energy range of 25&minus;100 MeV at the Fermi energy domain.</font></p><p align="justify"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; On the basis of the energy spectra, the angular and Z distributions, the evolution of emission mechanisms of different fragments with the variation of the detected angles in the laboratory system and the charge numbers of the fragments is discussed.The different features of the angular and charge distributions for the three targets are also presented. The energetic component of the fragments at the forward angles mainly comes from the projectile fragmentation or breakup. The projectile-like fragments in the neighborhood of the projectile have the additional contributions from quasi-elastic scattering and transfer reaction. The low energy component, which takes the small fraction of the fragment products at the forward direction, comes from DIC &amp; fusion-like mechanism; In the intermediate angle region which is beyond the grazing angle, it is dominated by the non-equilibrium component whose velocity is about half of the beam one and the equilibrium evaporation component of the low energy.</font></p><p align="justify"><font face="times new roman,times">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The Modified Quantum Molecular Dynamics (MQMD) model is employed to investigate the angular &amp; charge number distributions of the emitted fragments.Generally, the theoretical calculations are in good agreement with the experiment data. But in the forward angles the yield of the fragments is underestimated by MQMD model while in the case of the intermediate angle region, the calculation is higher than the experiment data in some degree for the fragments whose charge number is in the vicinity of the projectile. Related analyses and discussions are presented in this paper. The angular &amp; charge number distributions of the fragments are also compared with the statistical model of GEMINI. It is found that a small proportion of the statistical evaporation component exists in the forward angles while in the intermediate angle region, this component increases to some extent. However, its ratio is still small. With the decrease of the fragment charge number, the non-equilibrium intermediate-velocity component goes up step by step and plays a leading role while the equilibrium evaporation one diminishes gradually.</font></p><p align="justify"><font face="times new roman,times">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The time evolution of the particle distribution of the reaction systems 40Ar(25 MeV/u)+58Ni/115In with different impact parameters in the X&minus;Z plane of the configuration space is simulated with the MQMD model. The reaction mechanism dependent on the impact parameters is discussed. The relationship of the nucleon distributions between the initial and the final states is studied.</font></p><p align="justify"><font face="times new roman,times">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The MQMD model is applied to study the time evolution of the collision system 40Ar+58Ni in the energy range from 25 to 100 MeV/u at Fermi energy domain. Some macroscopic physical quantities that are related to the formation dynamics of the fragments are selected to study the development of collision system from the non-equilibrium state to equilibrium one under the conditions such as different bombarded energies and impact parameters. These physical quantities include IMF mean multiplicities, the maximum and the mean densities of the reaction zone between the projectile and target, the non-equilibrium factor in the momentum space and momentum distribution width within the maximum cluster etc. The physical picture of fragment emission for the heavy ion reaction at intermediate energy region is presented in the paper. The time scale of the fragment emission is discussed. The result is that the time of 40Ar+58Ni system coming to freeze-out (state) is 65,75,90,105 and 115fm/c, respectively, when the bombarded energy are set to be 100,75,55,35 and 25 MeV/u one after another.</font></p><p align="justify"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; It is investigated that the energy correlation between the emitted fragments of atomic numbers varying from 4 to 14 detected at &theta;lab=15&deg; and the LCPs including proton, deuterium, tritium and &alpha; particle at the close geometry angular configuration in the reaction of 40Ar(25MeV/u)+115In. The result shows that the existence of sequential decay mechanism. It is found that the peak position is at the small angles in the correlation angular spectra between the LCPs and the fragments, the most probable angle is at 2&deg; or so. In the binary sequential decay, the lighter primary products (fragments) are more easier to be excited and decay to light IMFs and the LCPs, the yield of the LCPs with more heavier mass is higher than that of the lighter LCPs. The result shows that the total yield ratios summed over the fragments of Z=3&minus;14, which are correlated with LCPs, are 1:1.3:1.78:7.57 for proton, deuterium, tritium and &alpha; particles, respectively.</font></p><p align="justify"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The large angle correlations for in-plane and out-of-plane have been measured for the pairs of the fragments and LCPs in the reaction of 40Ar(25MeV/u)+115In. It is obtained that the azimuthal correlation functions and the azimuthal asymmetry factors which reflect the collective rotationlike behavior or effect. The azimuthal correlation function of all pairs between fragments and &alpha; particles shows a minimum value at &phi;=90&deg; plane. It indicates that the LCPs and fragments formed in the course of reaction exhibit an enhanced emission in the reaction plane due to collective rotationlike behavior effect by attractive mean field. The more heavier the mass of the coincident LCPs &amp; fragments, the more stronger the left-right asymmetries of the coincident particles with respect to the beam direction in the reaction plane, the more preferential the particle emission to the direction opposite to the coincident reaction products. Such sorts of the same and opposite side asymmetries seem to be established duringthe initial stages of the reaction. Along with the increase of the coincident LCPs &amp; fragments, the influences of the sequential decay and the particle final state interactions to the azimuthal correlation functions of the correlated pairs at the small relative angles in the &phi;=0&deg; plane die away and vanish at last. When we exclude such influences by adding the additional integration conditions on the relative energy spectra of the LCPs &amp; fragments, the real azimuthal correlation functions of the correlated pairs at the small relative angles in the &phi;=0&deg; plane are obtained. The featureof the azimuthal anisotropic emission strongly depends on the mass of the correlated pairs, i.e., along with the increase of the mass of the correlated pairs, the azimuthal asymmetries increase and the collective rotationlike effect is enhanced. So the in-plane particle emission increases and at the same time the out-of-plane one decreases.</font></p><p align="justify"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The simulated test measurement of the Zero-Crossing Timing Method (ZCTM) is performed by the research pulser (ORTEC448) with the attached charge terminator instead of by the scintillator with photodiode readout (CsI(Tl)+PD). The feasibility of ZCTM is verified successfully. And it is the first time the Laplace Transform Method (LTM) based on the electronics signal-process theory is introduced to analyze the electronics network circuit of the ZCTM for identifying the LCPs. The calculation reproduces the test result of the simulated measurement very well. Furthermore, the theoretical results successfully explain influences of the selection of the spectroscopy amplifier parameters on the identification of LCPs with the CsI(Tl) scintillators. The optimum shaping time constant &tau;opt(about 6&mu;s in our case) for the system configuration is deduced. The above method and result are helpful in the design of the electronics circuit module matched specially with these kinds of CsI(Tl)+PD detectors. It is also discussed that the significance of application of LTM in the signal-process theory at the heavy ion experiments.</font></p><p align="justify"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In order to explore the nature of the fragments and LCPs emitted in the 40Ar(25 MeV/u) induced reaction, we have developed two sets of logarithmic multi-stage detection systems with the large dynamic range and other detectors used in heavy ion reaction at the intermediate energy domain. The logarithmic multi-stage detection system can give the energy and position signal simultaneously. The most important characteristics of such logarithmic multi-stage detection system are good energy and position resolutions, high Z identification power, low energy threshold and large dynamic ranges for particles and energies. It is one ideal fragment detection system for the performances of the heavy ion experiments.</font></p

手机二维码在科技期刊数字化中的应用探索

<!--StartFragment --><div>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 目前，阅读习惯从纸质时代进入纸质与电子并存的时代已经是一个客观现实。&nbsp;本文提出在纸质期刊上使用手机二维码为中介，实现纸质期刊与期刊数字平台的无缝链接，给作者提供方便快捷的访问通道及丰富的表现形式，弥补纸质期刊互动性欠佳、表现形式单一的缺点，并提升读者的阅读体验。</div

时间型和增益型光电倍增管分压系统的比较研究

介绍了光电倍增管分压器的工作原理,在此基础上讨论了分压器和输出信号(增益、线性和时间响应等)的关系。根据这些原理,按照实际实验需求设计分压器,进行了实验比较分析