Diatom Ecotype of Habitation and Their Distribution in Surface Sediments around Xiamen Island and in Taiwan Straits

对厦门岛沿岸46个取样点表层沉积样品分析,共发现硅藻62个属的217个种及亚种;对台湾海峡44个取样点表层沉积样品分析,共发现硅藻36个属的181个种及亚种.各个取样点都有底栖种和浮游种出现,水浅的区域(厦门岛沿海)底栖种比例较高,水深的区域(台湾海峡)浮游种比例较高,硅藻对指示水深具有科学研究价值.底栖种和浮游种的比例可能还受水体流动性、地貌特征等因素的综合影响.Having analyzed the samples of surface sediment from 46 sites around Xiamen Island,217 species or subspecies in 62 genuses of diatoms were found.And also 181 species or subspecies in 36 genuses were found from the samples at the 44 sites in Taiwan Straits.Both benthic and plankton diatoms were found at each site. More benthic diatoms are in shallow areas,around Xiamen Island,but more plankton are in deep areas,in Tai- wan Straits.The ratio of benthic and plankton should be infected synthetically by the factors such as the move- ment of water and the physiognomy.国家自然科学基金资助项目(40076016,40276021);; 国家海洋局第二海洋研究所海底重点开放实验室资助项目(2002-4);; 贵州大学基金资助项目(2001-9

古尔班通古特沙漠生物结皮小尺度分异的环境特征

古尔班通古特沙漠广泛存在的生物结皮,对地貌部位有极强的选择性分布,其实质是生物对环境条件综合适应的一种生态表现。2002年3~11月在个体沙丘表面初步开展了生物结皮类型小尺度环境分异规律研究。结果表明:苔藓结皮、地衣结皮和藻类结皮依次分布于垄间、沙垄两坡中部和坡上部,从垄间往垄顶,生物结皮盖度逐渐减小,厚度变薄,抗压性减弱。苔藓结皮分布区的物质组成以细沙和极细沙为主,春季表层土壤水分在5%以上,短命植物广泛发育,基质稳定;坡中部的地衣结皮分布区以细沙为主,春季表层土壤水分在4%左右,短命植物亦有广泛分布,地表受风沙活动影响较小;沙垄上部和顶部的藻类结皮分布区,是沙垄表面活动性最强和土壤水分最差的区域,物质组成以中沙为主,高等植物中白梭梭为优势种,可见藻结皮是三类结皮中最能适应恶劣环境的生物结皮类型

中国钢铁工业和清洁生产

分析了解决钢铁企业污染的三种方案，提出钢铁企业应逐步实现污染生产；根据Saldanha钢铁厂清洁生产工艺工业化实例，结合我国的特点提出了一套基于多级流化移动床的熔态还原新工艺，在现有钢铁厂实现清洁生产

中国钢铁工业和清洁生产

分析了解决钢铁企业污染的三种方案 ,提出钢铁企业应逐步实现清洁生产 ;根据Saldanha钢铁厂清洁生产工艺工业化实例 ,结合我国的特点提出了一套基于多级流化移动床的熔态还原新工艺 ,在现有钢铁厂实现清洁生产

Stochastic simulation of hydrogen-oxygen auto-ignition at the microscale

A hybrid stochastic simulation method is developed to study H-2-O-2 auto-ignition at the microscale. Simulation results show that the discrete and stochastic characteristics of reaction collisions have notable impacts on the ignition process, particularly in the early stages when only a few radicals exist. The statistical properties of ignition delay time, which reflect the accumulated stochasticity during ignition, are obtained and analyzed for different initial temperatures and total molecular numbers. It is found that the average and standard deviation of ignition delay time increase as the total molecular number decreases, with this phenomenon being particularly pronounced near the crossover temperature. When the total molecular number is sufficiently small, the chain initiation reaction becomes crucial to the stochastic properties, as its average firing time exhibits an inverse proportionality to the total molecular number. As the total molecular number increases, the influence of other chain reactions intensifies, causing the power law relation between standard deviation and total molecular number to shift from -1 power to -0.5 power. Owing to different chain reaction paths for high- and low-temperature auto-ignition, the strongest relative fluctuation occurs near the crossover temperature. A theoretical equation for the standard deviation of ignition delay time is obtained based on dimensional analysis, giving excellent agreement with the simulation results in both high- and low-temperature modes

古尔班通古特沙漠南部短命植物生长对水热条件变化的响应

于2002至2004连续3年对古尔班通古特沙漠南部短命植物生长和土壤水分状况进行系统监测,并对同期气象资料进行分析,结果表明,短命植物的种子萌发和植株生长对于水热条件变化反映极为敏感．2003年早春日均温和日最低气温稳定回升到0℃以上的时间较2002年推迟了近10天,而同期土壤水分条件变化不大,观测到2002年有28种短命植物萌发,生活期近70天,短命植物层片盖度最高可达到46．4％．而2003年只有17种短命植物萌发,生活期50天左右,层片盖度最高为20．8％．2002年春季短命植物植株高度亦显著高于2003年,可见早春时节短命植物的萌发、生长和数量动态强烈依赖于热量条件．水分条件的变化不仅通过地形分异作用影响短命植物的空间分布,亦通过其时间变化影响其萌发与生长．2002年夏季没有较强降水发生,继6月底短命植物完成生活周期后,只在秋季发现个别短命植物的秋萌株．而2003年和2004年,在7和8月份>60 mm的较强降水影响下,尖喙栊牛儿苗和囊果苔草等以>10％盖度迅速覆盖沙丘表面．可见春季过后短命植物不仅只存在秋萌现象,夏季如遇到适量的降雨,其中的一些种亦可成批萌发．研究短命植物生长对水热条件变化的响应,不仅具有一定的生态学意义,而且也有助于理解该沙漠的沙面稳定性与区域气候变化的关系

热水型溴化锂制冷机喷淋式发生器性能试验研究

采用试验分析的方法研究了溴化锂溶液喷淋密度、溶液浓度对喷淋式发生器传热传质的影响。试验结果表明，在喷淋发生器的溶液侧传热系数随着喷淋密度增大而增大，但冷剂水蒸汽量并非一直增加，达到最大值后会逐渐下降。喷淋发生器的溶液传热系数随着溴化锂水溶液浓度的增加而减小，当浓度小于50%时两者为线性关系，当浓度大于50%时两者为非线性关系