Allelopathic effects of exotic mangrove species Laguncularia racemosa on leaf ultrastructure of Bruguiera gymnorhiza seedlings

探讨外来速生红树植物拉关木(Laguncularia; racemosa)扩张过程中潜在的化感作用,为其入侵风险评估提供参考。通过室内栽培试验测定拉关木根、枝、叶、果的水浸液不同质量浓度(0.1; g·mL~(-1)、0.5 g·mL~(-1))对我国乡土红树植物木榄(Bruguiera; gymnorhiza)幼苗叶片超微结构的影响。结果表明,在拉关木根、叶、果的水浸液低浓度(0.1; g·mL~(-1))处理下,木榄幼苗的叶肉细胞内的叶绿体紧密排列在细胞壁周围,线粒体结构保持完好;而在拉关木枝的水浸液低浓度(0.1; g·mL~(-1))处理下,木榄幼苗叶肉细胞内的液泡轻微皱缩,出现轻微的质壁分离现象。拉关木枝、果水浸液高浓度(0.5; g·mL~(-1))处理下,木榄幼苗叶片叶肉细胞的叶绿体内的淀粉粒变多,变大,线粒体内部结构出现降解;拉关木根的水浸液高浓度(0.5; g·mL~(-1))处理下,部分叶绿体结构受到破坏,但线粒体结构基本保持较好;而在拉关木叶的水浸液高浓度(0.5; g·mL~(-1))处理下,木榄叶片叶肉细胞的超微结构基本保持完好,表明拉关木叶水浸液对木榄幼苗的化感抑制作用弱。本研究中拉关木各器官高浓度(0; .5 g·mL~(-1))水浸液对木榄幼苗叶片超微结构的化感作用强弱顺序为:枝>果>根>叶。In order to provide a reference for the invasion risk assessment of; fast-growing alien mangrove species of Laguncularia racemosa,the aqueous; extracts of different concentrations(0.1 mg·L~(-1),0.5 mg·L~(-1)) of; roots,stems,leaves and fruits of L. racemosa were used to determine the; allelopathic effects on the leaf ultrastructure of seedlings of; Bruguiera gymnorhiza native species in China by indoor cultivation; experiment. The results of this study show that when subjected to the; concentration of 0.1 mg·L~(-1) aqueous extracts from L. racemosa roots; and fruits,the number of chloroplasts in the mesophyll cells of B.; gymnorhiza seedlings increased and mitochondria were delimited by a; double mitochondria membrane,as well as showed clear cristae inside an; electrondense stroma;when subjected to the concentration of 0.1; mg·L~(-1) aqueous extracts of L. racemosa stems,the vacuoles of the; mesophyll cells in the mesophyll cells of B. gymnorhiza were slightly; shrunk and a slight wall separation was observed. Whereas subjected to; the concentration of 0.5 mg·L~(-1) aqueous extracts from L. racemosa; stems and fruits,the size and number of starch grains of chloroplast; were increased,and the mitochondria were deformed and seriously; degraded. When subjected to the concentration of 0.5 mg·L~(-1) aqueous; extracts from L. racemosa roots,some parts of chloroplast were; damaged,but the mitochondria structure basically remained intact;whereas; subjected to the concentration of 0.5 mg·L~(-1) aqueous extracts from L.; racemosa leaves,both the chloroplast and mitochondria in mesophyll cells; of B. gymnorhiza seedlings basically remained intact,which showed that; the inhibitory effect of the aqueous extract of L. racemosa leaves was; weak. When subjected to the concentration of 0.5 mg·L~(-1) aqueous; extracts from different organs of L. racemosa,the allelopathy intensity; order on the ultrastructure of leaves of B. gymnorrhiza seedlings was:; stem>fruit>root>leaves.国家自然科学基

大众化背景下中韩高校招生考试制度比较研究

20世纪50年代以来,世界各国的高等教育纷纷向大众化阶段发展。与此相应,各国对高校招生考试制度进行了必要的改革。韩国是中国的近邻,其招生考试制度的变化发展极具特色。比较分析中韩两国招生考试制度的异同,可以看到,韩国为适应高等教育迅速发展而不断改革和完善高校招生考试制度的一些经验,对我国招生考试制度改革有着重要的借鉴意义

Screening research on effective parts of Alisma orientalis( Samuel. ) Juzep. associated with blood glucose decrease in type 2 diabetic mice

目的初步探索泽泻[Alisma orientalis(Samuel.)Juzep.]降低2型糖尿病小鼠血糖的有效部位。方法采用超声提取法获得泽泻乙醇提取物,再分别用石油醚、乙酸乙酯、水饱和正丁醇和水相进行萃取分离,得到的泽泻乙醇提取物及其各溶剂萃取物应用于腹腔注射烟碱、链脲霉素诱导的2型糖尿病小鼠模型。造模成功后,将动物分组,其中空白对照组(未注射链脲霉素和烟碱的小鼠)和2型糖尿病模型组小鼠连续灌胃0.9%Na Cl溶液21 d(灌胃剂量为10μl/g),测试药物组分别连续灌胃泽泻乙醇提取物、泽泻石油醚萃取物、泽泻乙酸乙酯萃取物、泽泻正丁醇萃取物、泽泻水萃取物21 d(各测试药物灌胃高、中、低剂量分别为100μg/g、50μg/g、25μg/g),阳性对照组连续灌胃罗格列酮溶液21 d(灌胃剂量为10μg/g),每组8只小鼠,筛选具有降低2型糖尿病小鼠血糖的泽泻有效部位。用具有降低2型糖尿病小鼠血糖的有效部位处理3T3-L1前脂肪细胞,观察其对前脂肪细胞分化过程的影响。结果与2型糖尿病模型组比较,连续灌胃泽泻乙酸乙酯萃取物21 d(剂量为100μg/g)降低了2型糖尿病小鼠的血糖,改善了口服葡萄糖耐受试验(oral glucose tolerance test,OGTT)过程中的糖耐量(P<0.01)。1 mg/L和10 mg/L的泽泻乙酸乙酯萃取层均能促进前脂肪细胞的分化过程。结论泽泻乙酸乙酯萃取物降低了2型糖尿病小鼠血糖,促进了3T3-L1前脂肪细胞分化,但其具体作用机制尚需深入研究。Objective To explore the effective parts of Alisma orientalis( Samuel.) Juzep. associated with blood glucose decrease in type 2 diabetic mice.Methods Ethanol extracts from A. orientalis were obtained by ultrasonic extraction. Then,the ethanol extract was extracted and separated with petroleum ether,ethyl acetate,water saturated n-butanol and water respectively. After decompressing concentration,these solvent extractions were applied to type 2 diabetic mice model induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin and nicotine. After successful modeling,the mice were divided into the blank control group( without injection of streptozotocin and nicotine),model group of type 2 diabetes mellitus,positive control group and test drug groups,8 in each group. The blank control group and model group were treated with 0. 9% Na Cl at the dose of 10μl / g,the test drug groups were treated with corresponding extracts from different solvent extractions described above at the high-,mid-,low-dose of 100,50,25 μg / g respectively. The positive control group was treated with rosiglitazone at the dose of10μg / g. The treatment course was 21 days for intragastric administration. The effective parts of Alisma orientalis( Samuel.) Juzep. associated with blood glucose decrease in type 2 diabetic mice were screened and then the effect of the screened effective part on the differentiation of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte was observed.Results Compared with the model group,the blood glucose was decreased after the intragastric administration with ethyl acetate extract of A. orientalis at dose of100μg / g for 21 days and the glucose tolerance during the oral glucose tolerance test( OGTT) was improved( P < 0. 01). The differentiation of pre-adipocyte was promoted when the ethyl acetate extract of A. orientalis at the concentration of 1 mg / L and 10 mg / L. Conclusion The ethyl acetate extract of A. orientalis reduced the blood glucose in type 2 diabetic mice and promoted the differentiation of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes,but the specific mechanism still need to be further studied.福建省科技厅自然科学基金青年创新项目;; 厦门市卫计委资助项目(2014D008),厦门市卫计委资助项目(2015-ZQN-JC-45);; 福建省卫生系统中青年骨干人才培养项目基础项目;; 福建省科技厅自然科学基金(2015J01065);; 福建省教育厅中青年教师教育科研项目杰青项目(JA14421),福建省教育厅中青年教师教育科研项目(JA13425);; 厦门市科技局科技计划高校创新项目(3502Z20143026),厦门市科技局科技计划项目(3502Z20144031);; 厦门医学高等专科学校科研基金(Z2013-12,Z2013-25

Introspection on Reformed Physical Education Course in Colleges or Universities

通过对学生选项上体育课动机、体育课改革实际效果及对中小学体育发展的影响、美国大中学运动员在不同项目上的分布的分析讨论,对我国高校体育课改革出现的偏向进行了反思,提出了高校体育课改革走出“误区”的建议。By means of analysis and discussion on the motives of college students in optional P. E. courses, the real effect of P. E. course reform and its impact on the development of P. E. in middle school and elementary school, and the distribution of American college athletes and high school players on different sports, this paper introspects deflection occurred in the P. E. course reform in the colleges and universities of China and puts forward some suggestions to make the P. E. course reform to walk out of the "area-of error"--the long-standing mistaken ideas.福建省“新世纪高等教育教学改革工程”立项课题子课题,项目编号:闽教[2001]高59号

响应面优化浊点萃取联会 HILIC 测定大鼠血清中四种抗艾滋病药

【目的】基于浊点萃取技术（CPE）联合亲水作用色谱法（HILIC）同时测定大鼠血清中四种抗艾滋病药。【方法】以TritonX-114作为萃取介质，用响应面法进一步优化CPE相关参数，对萃取的样品，用HILIC法分别测定其含量。【结果】四种抗艾滋病药在5%（w/v）TritonX-114，0.3mol/L NaCl，pH为5.0，40℃水浴平衡20 min时，萃取率均达85.0%以上，与模型预测值接近；对于富集的样品，以Ze month-CN（250mm×4.6mm，5μm）为固定相，流动相为（甲醇∶乙腈∶醋酸铵缓冲液=5︰5︰90），柱温35℃，检测波长275nm，流速0.5mL/min分离时，四种分析物在0.01～10.0μg/mL，线性良好，加样回收率大于75.0%，RSD≤5.0%。【结论】建立的该方法，操作简单绿色，能对大鼠血清中四种抗艾滋病药较好的富集，可同时快速、准确测定其含量，为其临床血药浓度监测提供新的方法

Factor Structure of Acute Stress Disorder Symptoms in Chinese Survivors of Road Traffic Accidents

目的:分析我国交通事故幸存者急性应激障碍的症状结构。方法:被试为228名交通事故幸存者,其中男性184人,女性44人,年龄39.4±12.4岁。采用急性应激障碍量表(ASDS)在被试经历事故2-23天内进行评估。使用验证性因子分析对3个竞争性的模型进行检验。结果:验证性因素分析结果支持一个3因子的结构模型包括:分离、回避、再体验与高唤起。结论:采用分离、回避以及再体验与高唤起3个症状簇来解释与组织急性应激障碍的症状更为合适。Objective： To investigate factor structure of acute stress disorder symptoms in a sample of survivors of road traffic accident.Methods： A total of 228 participants（184 men,44 women;mean age=39.4,SD=12.4 years） were recruited.The participants were administrated with the Acute Stress Disorder Scale（ASDS） 2-23 days after road traffic accidents.Confirmatory factor analyses were employed to compare three competing models.Results： The results of confirmatory factor analyses showed that a three-factor intercorrelated model（dissociation,avoidance,and reexperiencing/arousal） fit date superior to other alternative models.Conclusion： The findings suggest that acute stress response can better be explained by the dissociation,avoidance,and reexperiencing/arousal clusters in the present sample

Population genetic diversity of wild Alangium salviifolium detected by SRAP marks

采用SrAP分子标记技术,对我国野生土坛树种群的遗传多样性进行分析。40对引物对8个土坛树种群共47个个体的样品dnA进行扩增。结果表明:物种水平上,多态位点百分率PPb为40.40%,nEI’S基因多样性指数H为0.4027,SHAnnOn’S信息指数I为0.5874;在种群水平上,多态位点百分率平均为32.77%,nEI’S基因多样性指数平均为0.2992,SHAnnOn’S信息指数平均为0.4373;种群内遗传多样性HS为0.2992,种群总的遗传多样性HT为0.4027。基因分化系数gST为0.2570,种群间的遗传分化程度较低;种群间基因流nM为1.4455。种群间的平均距离为0.2118。利用uPgMA法聚类可将8个群体划分为2大类,高桥独立为一群,其他为一大群;证明亲缘关系与地理距离存在一定的相关性。47个材料按uPgMA法聚类分析,结果不与同一种群的个体聚在一起。初步推测土坛树由三墩和琼山一带向四周扩散而来。The SRAP markers technology was used to analyze the genetic diversity of wild Alangium salviifolium populations in this paper.DNA samples of 47 individuals in eight A.salviifolium populations were amplied by 40 primers.Analysis showed that PPB(percentage of polymorphic loci) was 40.40%,H(Nei's genetic diversity) was 0.4027,I(Shannon's information index) was 0.5874 at the species level;PPB was 32.77%,H was 0.2992,I was 0.4373 at the population level;Hs was 0.2992,Ht was 0.4027;Gst(Genetic differentiation coefficient) was 0.2570,indicating that the degree of genetic differentiation was low.The gene flow among the populations was 1.4455 and the mean pair-wise genetic distance was 0.2118.The eight groups could be divided into two broad categories by UPGMA method.Gaoqiao group was independence category,and others joined as one category.It proved that there was certainly relationship between their kinships and geographical distances.According to UPGMA clustering analysis,47 materials did not join together in the same category with individuals of their own population.Preliminary results indicated that A.salviifolium spreaded from Sandun and Qiongshan to the surrounding areas.国家自然科学基金(31170511

水解法提取纯化刺槐素的工艺研究

目的优选野菊花中刺槐苷的水解工艺。方法采用均匀设计法,以高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定野菊花中刺槐素含量,探讨影响刺槐素提取效率的因素,并筛选出最佳提取条件。结果最佳水解工艺为盐酸与药液比为5∶2,盐酸浓度3 mol/L,水解时间为3 h,水解温度为100℃。结论 HPLC法测定野菊花中刺槐素含量的方法,快速、可行。均匀设计法优选的野菊花中刺槐素提取工艺,操作简单,节约时间,提取率比原工艺有明显提高

GB及ISO中酸碱指示剂法测定食品中总酸的指示剂研究

在实际分析检测工作中 ,发现 GB或 ISO的酸碱滴定指示剂法 ,以酚酞为指示剂无法克服样品底液颜色深或浊度大而干扰终点观察 ,尤其是果汁饮料系列产品色彩缤纷 ,终点观测不方便 ,甚至无法观测 ,实验重现性差 ,严重影响测定结果的准确度与精密度。本文选择百里酚蓝为酸碱滴定指示剂 ,可克服原法缺点与局限。应用于果汁饮料系列产品柠檬酸含量测定 ,结果满意

医院门诊药房全自动整盒发药设备使用优劣势分析

目的提高全自动整盒发药设备在门诊药房的使用效果,为国内其他医院引进该设备提供参考。方法结合智能化门诊药房的实际工作和全自动整盒发药设备的运行情况,评价该设备使用的优劣势。结果与结论全自动整盒发药设备的引进,改变了药师的工作环境,规范了药品的使用管理,但仍需要通过规范操作来减少某些弊端,同时加强管理,促进设备的高效运作,使其发挥最大优势